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==Overview==
==Overview==
Before 1800 A.D. [[horseshoe kidney]] regarded as curiosity finding only at postmortem examination. However with the advent of the [[Roentgenium|roentgen rays]] and the [[Pyelography|intravenous pyelography]] the diagnostic possibilities to recognize the horseshoe kidney improved, which was later on aided by the [[ultrasound]] and [[computed tomography]] scan by which horseshoe kidney can be easily diagnosed.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


===Discovery===
===Discovery===
Before 1800 A.D. horseshoe kidney regarded as curiosity found only at postmortem examination.
Before 1800 A.D. horseshoe kidney regarded as curiosity found only at postmortem examination.<ref name="urlMaastricht University Research Portal">{{cite web |url=https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/portal/ |title=Maastricht University Research Portal |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Horseshoe kidney was first discovered or documented by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, a Carpiani Physician, in 1522 /during/following [event].{{cite web |url=https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/portal/files/687416/guid-01112309-bca6-401b-8d0f-6236ff66e1ec-ASSET1.0 |title=cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
*Horseshoe kidney was first documented by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, a Carpiani Physician, in 1522.
*Horseshoe Kidney was first described and illustrated by Leonardo Botallo, in 1564.
*Horseshoe Kidney was first described and illustrated by Leonardo Botallo, in 1564.
*Later on,Leonard Doldius in Nürnberg in the year 1602,described the horseshoe kidney during a postmortem examination.
*Later on, Leonard Doldius in Nürnberg in the year 1602 also described the horseshoe kidney during a postmortem examination.
*In 1761,Giovanni Battista Morgagni gave an accurate survey and mentioned cases which had already been published.
*In 1761, Giovanni Battista Morgagni gave an accurate survey and mentioned cases which had already been published.
*In 1908, diagnosis of horseshoe kidney was first described by Israel by careful Physical Examination.
*In 1908, diagnosis of horseshoe kidney was first described in Israel by careful Physical Examination.
*Gutierrez introduced the horseshoe kidney pyelographic triangle by using the intravenous pyelogram.
*Gutierrez introduced the horseshoe kidney [[Pyelography|pyelographic]] triangle by using the [[intravenous pyelogram]].<ref name="AmarCulp1968">{{cite journal|last1=Amar|first1=Arjan D.|last2=Culp|first2=Ormond S.|last3=Farman|first3=Franklin|last4=Hutch|first4=John A.|last5=Jones|first5=Howard W.|last6=Marshall|first6=Victor F.|last7=McRoberts|first7=J. William|last8=Muecke|first8=Edward C.|last9=Murphy|first9=John J.|last10=Prentiss|first10=Robert J.|last11=Tristan|first11=Theodore Atherton|last12=Waterhouse|first12=Keith|volume=7 / 1|year=1968|issn=0374-8006|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-87399-7}}</ref>
*
*Boreham and Gammelgaard, advised [[aortography]] as the final diagnosis and as an aid for planning the surgery.
*In 1964, Falor and Rafflo described the value and limitations of [[aortogram]] and [[urography]] in the association of horseshoe kidney and [[abdominal aneurysm]].


*The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
*In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
==Outbreaks==
There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:


==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
* In 1909, division of the renal isthmus was first done by Martinow, to separate the fused kidney. Later on, details described by Rovsing in 1911, followed by a modification by Papin in 1922.
 
* In 1940,  Foley advised [[nephropexy]] in addition to synphsiotomy.
==Impact on Cultural History==
* In 1962, Felton and Miller reported a successful resection of [[aortic aneurysm]] associated with the horseshoe kidney stating that there is no hazard in the division of isthmus to gain access.
* In 1933, although Voronoy performed the first human cadaveric [[kidney transplantation]], but the first successful [[kidney transplantation]] was performed in Boston by Murray, Merrill and Harrison in 1954.


==Famous Cases==
==Famous Cases==
The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name]]:
The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name|horseshoe kidney]]:<ref name="urlwww.kgbanswers.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.kgbanswers.com/ |title=www.kgbanswers.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* Natalie Baitson, a famous singer from Gibraltar.
* Sam Kinison, a popular American comedian,died at the age of 38,found to have horseshoe kidney as per the autopsy report.
* American actor Mel Gibson has a horseshoe kidney.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:07, 22 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Before 1800 A.D. horseshoe kidney regarded as curiosity finding only at postmortem examination. However with the advent of the roentgen rays and the intravenous pyelography the diagnostic possibilities to recognize the horseshoe kidney improved, which was later on aided by the ultrasound and computed tomography scan by which horseshoe kidney can be easily diagnosed.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Before 1800 A.D. horseshoe kidney regarded as curiosity found only at postmortem examination.[1]

  • Horseshoe kidney was first documented by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, a Carpiani Physician, in 1522.
  • Horseshoe Kidney was first described and illustrated by Leonardo Botallo, in 1564.
  • Later on, Leonard Doldius in Nürnberg in the year 1602 also described the horseshoe kidney during a postmortem examination.
  • In 1761, Giovanni Battista Morgagni gave an accurate survey and mentioned cases which had already been published.
  • In 1908, diagnosis of horseshoe kidney was first described in Israel by careful Physical Examination.
  • Gutierrez introduced the horseshoe kidney pyelographic triangle by using the intravenous pyelogram.[2]
  • Boreham and Gammelgaard, advised aortography as the final diagnosis and as an aid for planning the surgery.
  • In 1964, Falor and Rafflo described the value and limitations of aortogram and urography in the association of horseshoe kidney and abdominal aneurysm.


Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

  • In 1909, division of the renal isthmus was first done by Martinow, to separate the fused kidney. Later on, details described by Rovsing in 1911, followed by a modification by Papin in 1922.
  • In 1940, Foley advised nephropexy in addition to synphsiotomy.
  • In 1962, Felton and Miller reported a successful resection of aortic aneurysm associated with the horseshoe kidney stating that there is no hazard in the division of isthmus to gain access.
  • In 1933, although Voronoy performed the first human cadaveric kidney transplantation, but the first successful kidney transplantation was performed in Boston by Murray, Merrill and Harrison in 1954.

Famous Cases

The following are a few famous cases of horseshoe kidney:[3]

  • Natalie Baitson, a famous singer from Gibraltar.
  • Sam Kinison, a popular American comedian,died at the age of 38,found to have horseshoe kidney as per the autopsy report.
  • American actor Mel Gibson has a horseshoe kidney.

References

  1. "Maastricht University Research Portal".
  2. Amar, Arjan D.; Culp, Ormond S.; Farman, Franklin; Hutch, John A.; Jones, Howard W.; Marshall, Victor F.; McRoberts, J. William; Muecke, Edward C.; Murphy, John J.; Prentiss, Robert J.; Tristan, Theodore Atherton; Waterhouse, Keith (1968). 7 / 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87399-7. ISSN 0374-8006. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. "www.kgbanswers.com".

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