Lymphomatoid granulomatosis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Lymphomatoid granulomatosis}}
{{Lymphomatoid granulomatosis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{kakbar}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The exact cause of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is unknown. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis occurs with more in people with some form of immune system dysability including individuals with Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis or chronic viral hepatitis.
The exact cause of [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]] is unknown. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis occurs with more in people with some form of immune system disability including individuals with [[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjogren syndrome]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]] or [[Hepatitis|chronic viral hepatitis]].
 
It is likely that some amalgamation of immunodeficiency, genetic and familial factors all contribute a role in the causation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The therapy used varies, but is generally directed towards eliminating the EBV-infected B-cells or strengthening of the immune system.<ref name="pmid9547995">{{cite journal| author=Jaffe ES, Wilson WH| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: pathogenesis, pathology and clinical implications. | journal=Cancer Surv | year= 1997 | volume= 30 | issue=  | pages= 233-48 | pmid=9547995 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9547995  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29676363">{{cite journal| author=Sigamani E, Chandramohan J, Nair S, Chacko G, Thomas M, Mathew LG et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A case series from South India. | journal=Indian J Pathol Microbiol | year= 2018 | volume= 61 | issue= 2 | pages= 228-232 | pmid=29676363 | doi=10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_471_17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29676363  }} </ref>


It is likely that some amalgamation of Immune, genetic and familial factors all contribute a role in the causation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The therapy used varies, but is generally directed towards eliminating the [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]]-infected [[B cell|B-cells]] or strengthening of the [[immune system]].
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
OR
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.


Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involves malignant [[B cell|B cells]] and reactive, non-malignant [[T cell|T cells]] and is almost always associated with infection of the malignant B cells by the Epstein-Barr virus; it is therefore known to be a form of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. The disease is believed to be induced by a combination of the following:<ref name="pmid9547995">{{cite journal| author=Jaffe ES, Wilson WH| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: pathogenesis, pathology and clinical implications. | journal=Cancer Surv | year= 1997 | volume= 30 | issue=  | pages= 233-48 | pmid=9547995 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9547995  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29676363">{{cite journal| author=Sigamani E, Chandramohan J, Nair S, Chacko G, Thomas M, Mathew LG et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A case series from South India. | journal=Indian J Pathol Microbiol | year= 2018 | volume= 61 | issue= 2 | pages= 228-232 | pmid=29676363 | doi=10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_471_17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29676363  }} </ref>
*[[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein Barr virus infection]]<ref name="pmid29885408">{{cite journal| author=Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM| title=Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 2018 | volume= 79 | issue=  | pages= 18-41 | pmid=29885408 | doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29885408  }} </ref>
* Immunodeficiency diseases:
**[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]<ref name="pmid12835306">{{cite journal| author=Sebire NJ, Haselden S, Malone M, Davies EG, Ramsay AD| title=Isolated EBV lymphoproliferative disease in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome manifesting as cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis and responsive to anti-CD20 immunotherapy. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2003 | volume= 56 | issue= 7 | pages= 555-7 | pmid=12835306 | doi= | pmc=1769998 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12835306  }} </ref>
**[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]<ref name="pmid25321327">{{cite journal| author=Song JY, Pittaluga S, Dunleavy K, Grant N, White T, Jiang L et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis--a single institute experience: pathologic findings and clinical correlations. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 39 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-56 | pmid=25321327 | doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000328 | pmc=4293220 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25321327  }} </ref>
*[[Immunosuppression]] through immunosuppressive drugs: 
**[[Methotrexate]]<ref name="pmid25130128">{{cite journal| author=Oiwa H, Mihara K, Kan T, Tanaka M, Shindo H, Kumagai K et al.| title=Grade 3 lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a patient receiving methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 53 | issue= 16 | pages= 1873-5 | pmid=25130128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25130128  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17200802">{{cite journal| author=Kameda H, Okuyama A, Tamaru J, Itoyama S, Iizuka A, Takeuchi T| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and diffuse alveolar damage associated with methotrexate therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. | journal=Clin Rheumatol | year= 2007 | volume= 26 | issue= 9 | pages= 1585-9 | pmid=17200802 | doi=10.1007/s10067-006-0480-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17200802  }} </ref>
**[[Azathioprine]]<ref name="pmid25674479">{{cite journal| author=Barakat A, Grover K, Peshin R| title=Rituximab for pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis which developed as a complication of methotrexate and azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. | journal=Springerplus | year= 2014 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 751 | pmid=25674479 | doi=10.1186/2193-1801-3-751 | pmc=4320142 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25674479  }} </ref>
*Infections such as [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] or [[Hepatitis|chronic viral hepatitis]] or endogenous [[T cell]] defects<ref name="pmid25321327">{{cite journal| author=Song JY, Pittaluga S, Dunleavy K, Grant N, White T, Jiang L et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis--a single institute experience: pathologic findings and clinical correlations. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 39 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-56 | pmid=25321327 | doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000328 | pmc=4293220 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25321327  }} </ref>
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===


{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | Methotrexate, and Azathioprine
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | EBV, HIV, and Hepatitis
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and Common variable immunodeficiency
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* [[Azathioprine]]
* Cause 2
*[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
* Cause 3
* [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]]
* Cause 4
* [[Hepatitis]]
* Cause 5
* [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
* Cause 6
* [[Methotrexate]]
* Cause 7
*[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
* Cause 8
 
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>
</div>


Latest revision as of 20:10, 18 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kamal Akbar, M.D.[2]

Overview

The exact cause of Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is unknown. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis occurs with more in people with some form of immune system disability including individuals with Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis or chronic viral hepatitis.

It is likely that some amalgamation of Immune, genetic and familial factors all contribute a role in the causation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The therapy used varies, but is generally directed towards eliminating the EBV-infected B-cells or strengthening of the immune system.

Causes

Common Causes

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involves malignant B cells and reactive, non-malignant T cells and is almost always associated with infection of the malignant B cells by the Epstein-Barr virus; it is therefore known to be a form of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. The disease is believed to be induced by a combination of the following:[1][2]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Methotrexate, and Azathioprine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease EBV, HIV, and Hepatitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and Common variable immunodeficiency

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Jaffe ES, Wilson WH (1997). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: pathogenesis, pathology and clinical implications". Cancer Surv. 30: 233–48. PMID 9547995.
  2. ↑ Sigamani E, Chandramohan J, Nair S, Chacko G, Thomas M, Mathew LG; et al. (2018). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A case series from South India". Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 61 (2): 228–232. doi:10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_471_17. PMID 29676363.
  3. ↑ Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM (2018). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update". Hum Pathol. 79: 18–41. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020. PMID 29885408.
  4. ↑ Sebire NJ, Haselden S, Malone M, Davies EG, Ramsay AD (2003). "Isolated EBV lymphoproliferative disease in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome manifesting as cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis and responsive to anti-CD20 immunotherapy". J Clin Pathol. 56 (7): 555–7. PMC 1769998. PMID 12835306.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Song JY, Pittaluga S, Dunleavy K, Grant N, White T, Jiang L; et al. (2015). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis--a single institute experience: pathologic findings and clinical correlations". Am J Surg Pathol. 39 (2): 141–56. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000328. PMC 4293220. PMID 25321327.
  6. ↑ Oiwa H, Mihara K, Kan T, Tanaka M, Shindo H, Kumagai K; et al. (2014). "Grade 3 lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a patient receiving methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis". Intern Med. 53 (16): 1873–5. PMID 25130128.
  7. ↑ Kameda H, Okuyama A, Tamaru J, Itoyama S, Iizuka A, Takeuchi T (2007). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and diffuse alveolar damage associated with methotrexate therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis". Clin Rheumatol. 26 (9): 1585–9. doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0480-2. PMID 17200802.
  8. ↑ Barakat A, Grover K, Peshin R (2014). "Rituximab for pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis which developed as a complication of methotrexate and azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis". Springerplus. 3: 751. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-751. PMC 4320142. PMID 25674479.

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