Pneumomediastinum risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Factors that can increase the chances of pneumomediastinum include: | Factors that can increase the chances of pneumomediastinum include: Age: Infants and young adults are at high risk. Gender: Males have a higher [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence rate]] than females. A tall, lean, male body habitus is considered as a risk factor for pneumomediastinum; however, obese patients are not spared from this pathology. Preexisting medical conditions: People with [[lung]] diseases such as [[asthma]], [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], [[interstitial lung disease]], and lung [[Cyst|cysts]], are at higher risk of the pneumomediastinum. | ||
Age: Infants and young adults are at high risk. | |||
Gender: Males have a higher | |||
Preexisting | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Risk factors for pneumomediastinum include<ref name="pmid25388364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agut A, Talavera J, Buendia A, Anson A, Santarelli G, Gomez S |title=IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM SECONDARY TO PRIMARY PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN A DALMATIAN DOG |journal=Vet Radiol Ultrasound |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=E54–7 |date=2015 |pmid=25388364 |doi=10.1111/vru.12223 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18721592">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caceres M, Ali SZ, Braud R, Weiman D, Garrett HE |title=Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=962–6 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18721592 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23017291">{{cite journal |vauthors=Russo A, Del Vecchio C, Zaottini A, Giangregorio C |title=Role of emergency thoracic ultrasonography in spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Two case report |journal=G Chir |volume=33 |issue=8-9 |pages=285–96 |date=2012 |pmid=23017291 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15218989">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chu CM, Leung YY, Hui JY, Hung IF, Chan VL, Leung WS, Law KI, Chan CS, Chan KS, Yuen KY |title=Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome |journal=Eur. Respir. J. |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=802–4 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15218989 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19748792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perna V, Vilà E, Guelbenzu JJ, Amat I |title=Pneumomediastinum: is this really a benign entity? When it can be considered as spontaneous? Our experience in 47 adult patients |journal=Eur J Cardiothorac Surg |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=573–5 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19748792 |doi=10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.08.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19411438">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VN, Joshi AY, Ryu JH |title=Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=417–21 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19411438 |pmc=2676124 |doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60560-0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11993787">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Soejima R |title=Comparative study of mediastinal emphysema as determined by etiology |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=277–82 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11993787 |doi= |url=}}</ref>: | |||
*Pulmonary risk factors | |||
**[[Asthma]] | |||
**[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]] | |||
**[[Upper respiratory tract infection|URTI]] | |||
**[[Pneumonia]] | |||
**[[cyst|Pulmonary cyst]] | |||
**[[Bronchiectasis]] | |||
**[[Lung cancer|Lung malignancies]] | |||
**[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|ARDS]] | |||
*Other risk factors | |||
**Childbirth | |||
**Rapid ascent/descent of scuba-divers | |||
**presence of foreign bodies in the airway with air trapping | |||
**[[Anorexia nervosa]] | |||
**Strenuous physical activities | |||
**Inhalation of toxic fumes | |||
**tobacco smoking | |||
**Recreational drug use, such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:09, 17 December 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Factors that can increase the chances of pneumomediastinum include: Age: Infants and young adults are at high risk. Gender: Males have a higher incidence rate than females. A tall, lean, male body habitus is considered as a risk factor for pneumomediastinum; however, obese patients are not spared from this pathology. Preexisting medical conditions: People with lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, interstitial lung disease, and lung cysts, are at higher risk of the pneumomediastinum.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for pneumomediastinum include[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:
- Pulmonary risk factors
- Other risk factors
- Childbirth
- Rapid ascent/descent of scuba-divers
- presence of foreign bodies in the airway with air trapping
- Anorexia nervosa
- Strenuous physical activities
- Inhalation of toxic fumes
- tobacco smoking
- Recreational drug use, such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine
References
- ↑ Agut A, Talavera J, Buendia A, Anson A, Santarelli G, Gomez S (2015). "IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM SECONDARY TO PRIMARY PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN A DALMATIAN DOG". Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 56 (5): E54–7. doi:10.1111/vru.12223. PMID 25388364.
- ↑ Caceres M, Ali SZ, Braud R, Weiman D, Garrett HE (September 2008). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86 (3): 962–6. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067. PMID 18721592.
- ↑ Russo A, Del Vecchio C, Zaottini A, Giangregorio C (2012). "Role of emergency thoracic ultrasonography in spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Two case report". G Chir. 33 (8–9): 285–96. PMID 23017291.
- ↑ Chu CM, Leung YY, Hui JY, Hung IF, Chan VL, Leung WS, Law KI, Chan CS, Chan KS, Yuen KY (June 2004). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome". Eur. Respir. J. 23 (6): 802–4. PMID 15218989.
- ↑ Perna V, Vilà E, Guelbenzu JJ, Amat I (March 2010). "Pneumomediastinum: is this really a benign entity? When it can be considered as spontaneous? Our experience in 47 adult patients". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 37 (3): 573–5. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.08.002. PMID 19748792.
- ↑ Iyer VN, Joshi AY, Ryu JH (May 2009). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients". Mayo Clin. Proc. 84 (5): 417–21. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60560-0. PMC 2676124. PMID 19411438.
- ↑ Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Soejima R (April 2002). "Comparative study of mediastinal emphysema as determined by etiology". Intern. Med. 41 (4): 277–82. PMID 11993787.