Mycosis fungoides differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Cutaneous T cell lymphoma}}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mycosis_fungoides]]
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.G.}}, {{AS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as  [[eczema]] and [[psoriasis]].
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as  [[eczema]] and [[psoriasis]].
==Differentiating Cutaneous T cell lymphoma from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Cutaneous T cell lymphoma from other Diseases==
*Mycosis fangoides must be differentiated from other [[Disease|diseases]] such as:<ref name="pmid23197199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamashita T, Abbade LP, Marques ME, Marques SA |title=Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical review and update |journal=An Bras Dermatol |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=817–28; quiz 829–30 |date=2012 |pmid=23197199 |pmc=3699909 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid249363243">{{cite journal |vauthors=Olek-Hrab K, Silny W |title=Diagnostics in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome |journal=Rep Pract Oncol Radiother |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=72–6 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24936324 |pmc=4054990 |doi=10.1016/j.rpor.2013.11.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18652582">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klemke CD, Brade J, Weckesser S, Sachse MM, Booken N, Neumaier M, Goerdt S, Nebe TC |title=The diagnosis of Sézary syndrome on peripheral blood by flow cytometry requires the use of multiple markers |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=159 |issue=4 |pages=871–80 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18652582 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08739.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21985996">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scala E, Abeni D, Palazzo P, Liso M, Pomponi D, Lombardo G, Picchio MC, Narducci MG, Russo G, Mari A |title=Specific IgE toward allergenic molecules is a new prognostic marker in patients with Sézary syndrome |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=157 |issue=2 |pages=159–67 |date=2012 |pmid=21985996 |doi=10.1159/000327553 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3528307">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chu AC, Robinson D, Hawk JL, Meacham R, Spittle MF, Smith NP |title=Immunologic differentiation of the Sézary syndrome due to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and chronic actinic dermatitis |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=134–7 |date=February 1986 |pmid=3528307 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Mycosis fangoides must be differentiated from any [[Disease|diseases]] with cutaneous patch or plaque that  not respond to first- and second-line treatment ssuch as:<ref name="pmid23197199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamashita T, Abbade LP, Marques ME, Marques SA |title=Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical review and update |journal=An Bras Dermatol |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=817–28; quiz 829–30 |date=2012 |pmid=23197199 |pmc=3699909 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid249363243">{{cite journal |vauthors=Olek-Hrab K, Silny W |title=Diagnostics in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome |journal=Rep Pract Oncol Radiother |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=72–6 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24936324 |pmc=4054990 |doi=10.1016/j.rpor.2013.11.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18652582">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klemke CD, Brade J, Weckesser S, Sachse MM, Booken N, Neumaier M, Goerdt S, Nebe TC |title=The diagnosis of Sézary syndrome on peripheral blood by flow cytometry requires the use of multiple markers |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=159 |issue=4 |pages=871–80 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18652582 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08739.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21985996">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scala E, Abeni D, Palazzo P, Liso M, Pomponi D, Lombardo G, Picchio MC, Narducci MG, Russo G, Mari A |title=Specific IgE toward allergenic molecules is a new prognostic marker in patients with Sézary syndrome |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=157 |issue=2 |pages=159–67 |date=2012 |pmid=21985996 |doi=10.1159/000327553 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3528307">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chu AC, Robinson D, Hawk JL, Meacham R, Spittle MF, Smith NP |title=Immunologic differentiation of the Sézary syndrome due to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and chronic actinic dermatitis |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=134–7 |date=February 1986 |pmid=3528307 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="TidwellMalone2016">{{cite journal|last1=Tidwell|first1=W. James|last2=Malone|first2=Janine|last3=Callen|first3=Jeffrey P.|title=Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Lipodermatosclerosis|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=152|issue=4|year=2016|pages=487|issn=2168-6068|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.6106}}</ref>
** Sezaruy syndrome  
** Sezaruy syndrome  
***Sezaruy syndrome is more symptoI contrast to patch or plaque MF, SS is much more symptomatic. Sezary syndrome patients tend to present with diffuse skin involvement,not  like mycosis fungoides usually evolve through patches and plaques to erythroderma <ref name="pmid27407986">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chand K, Sayal SK, Chand S |title=Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides) |journal=Med J Armed Forces India |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=188–90 |date=April 2007 |pmid=27407986 |pmc=4925357 |doi=10.1016/S0377-1237(07)80076-1 |url=}}</ref>
***Sezaruy syndrome(SS) is more symptoI contrast to patch or [[plaque]] mycosis fungoides, SS is much more [[symptomatic]]. Sezary syndrome [[Patient|patients]] tend to present with [[diffuse]] [[skin]] involvement,not  like mycosis fungoides usually evolve through patches and [[Plaque|plaques]] to [[erythroderma]] <ref name="pmid27407986">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chand K, Sayal SK, Chand S |title=Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides) |journal=Med J Armed Forces India |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=188–90 |date=April 2007 |pmid=27407986 |pmc=4925357 |doi=10.1016/S0377-1237(07)80076-1 |url=}}</ref>
***In Sezary syndrome infiltration of skin is generally much less dense than plaque in mycosis fungoides  (MF)
***In Sezary syndrome [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of [[skin]] is generally much less dense than [[plaque]] in mycosis fungoides  (MF)
** [[Eczema]]
**[[Eczema]]
** [[Psoriasis]]
**[[Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma|Adult T cell leukemia/lymphma]]
** [[Pityriasis rubra pilaris]]
**[[Psoriasis]]
** [[dermatitis]]
**[[Pityriasis rubra pilaris]]
** [[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
**[[dermatitis]]
** [[Adult T-cell leukemia]]
**[[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
** [[Atopic Dermatitis|Atopic dermatitis]]
**[[Adult T-cell leukemia]]
** [[Contact dermatitis]]
**[[Atopic Dermatitis|Atopic dermatitis]]
** [[Chronic (medical)|Chronic]] [[actinic]] [[dermatitis]]
**[[Contact dermatitis]] ( [[Allergy|Allergic]], [[irritant]])
** [[Scabies]]
**[[Chronic (medical)|Chronic]] [[actinic]] [[dermatitis]]
** [[Drug eruption]]
**[[Scabies]]
** [[Graft-versus-host disease|Graft versus  host disease]]
**[[Subcutaneous]] [[panniculitis]] like [[T-cell lymphoma|T cell lymphoma]] (SPTCL)
** [[Lichen planus]]
**[[Drug eruption]]
**[[Graft-versus-host disease|Graft versus  host disease]]
**[[Lichen planus]]
**[[Pediatrics|Pediatric]] [[atopic dermatitis]]
**[[Tinea corporis]]
** Primary [[cutaneous]] [[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (patient information)|anaplastic large cell lymphoma]] ([[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma|ALCL]])
**[[Cutaneous]] [[Gamma/delta T cells|gamma/delta]] [[T-cell lymphoma|T cell lymphoma]] (G/D TCL)


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|[[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]]/[[Mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="urlMycosis Fungoides and the Sézary Syndrome Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute">{{cite web |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/mycosis-fungoides-treatment-pdq |title=Mycosis Fungoides and the Sézary Syndrome Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
|[[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma]]/[[Mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="urlMycosis Fungoides and the Sézary Syndrome Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute">{{cite web |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/mycosis-fungoides-treatment-pdq |title=Mycosis Fungoides and the Sézary Syndrome Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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* Premycotic phase: A scaly, red [[rash]] in areas of the [[body]] that usually are not exposed to the sun. This rash does not cause symptoms and may last for months or years.
* Premycotic phase: A scaly, red [[rash]] in areas of the [[body]] that usually are not exposed to the sun. This [[rash]] does not cause [[Symptom|symptoms]] and may last for months or years.
* Patch phase: Thin, reddened, [[eczema]] -like rash.
* Patch phase: Thin, reddened, [[eczema]] -like [[rash]].
* [[Plaque]] phase: Small raised [[Bumps on skin|bumps]] ([[Papule|papules]]) or hardened lesions on the skin, which may be reddened.
* [[Plaque]] phase: Small raised [[Bumps on skin|bumps]] ([[Papule|papules]]) or hardened [[Lesion|lesions]] on the [[skin]], which may be reddened.
* [[Tumor]] phase: Tumors form on the [[skin]]. These tumors may develop [[Ulcer|ulcers]]<nowiki/>and the skin may get infected.
* [[Tumor]] phase: [[Tumor|Tumors]] form on the [[skin]]. These [[Tumor|tumors]] may develop [[Ulcer|ulcers]]<nowiki/> and the [[skin]] may get [[infected]].
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* [[Epidermis (skin)|Epidermal]] [[atrophy]] or poikiloderma
* [[Epidermis (skin)|Epidermal]] [[atrophy]] or poikiloderma
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* [[Insomnia]]  
* [[Insomnia]]  
* Red ([[erythematous]]) patches scattered over the [[skin]] of the [[trunk]] and the [[extremities]]  
* Red ([[erythematous]]) patches scattered over the [[skin]] of the [[trunk]] and the [[extremities]]  
* Tumor-like lobulated outgrowths form on the skin in the latter part of the disease
* [[Tumor]]-like lobulated outgrowths form on the [[skin]] in the latter part of the [[disease]]
* [[Weight loss]]
* [[Weight loss]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Malaise]] and [[fatigue]]
* [[Malaise]] and [[fatigue]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Anemia]]
* May progress to [[Sezary syndrome]] (Skin involvement plus hematogenous dissemination)
* May progress to [[Sezary syndrome]] ([[Skin]] involvement plus hematogenous dissemination)
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* [[Sezary syndrome]]
* [[Sezary syndrome]]
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[[Image:Mycosis_fungoides.JPG|200px]]
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|[[Pityriasis rosea]]<ref name="pmid27512182">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahajan K, Relhan V, Relhan AK, Garg VK |title=Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects |journal=Indian J Dermatol |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=375–84 |year=2016 |pmid=27512182 |pmc=4966395 |doi=10.4103/0019-5154.185699 |url=}}</ref>
|[[Pityriasis rosea]]<ref name="pmid27512182">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahajan K, Relhan V, Relhan AK, Garg VK |title=Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects |journal=Indian J Dermatol |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=375–84 |year=2016 |pmid=27512182 |pmc=4966395 |doi=10.4103/0019-5154.185699 |url=}}</ref>
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* Pink or salmon in colour, which may be scaly, termed as "herald patch"
* Pink or salmon in colour, which may be scaly, termed as "herald patch"
* Oval in shape  
* [[Oval]] in shape  
* Long axis oriented along the clevage lines
* Long axis oriented along the clevage lines
* Distributed on the [[trunk]] and [[proximal extremities]]
* Distributed on the [[trunk]] and [[proximal extremities]]
* Squamous marginal collarette and a “fir-tree” or “Christmas tree” distribution on the posterior trunk
* [[Squamous]] marginal collarette and a “fir-tree” or “Christmas tree” distribution on the posterior trunk
* Develops after [[viral infection]]
* Develops after [[viral infection]]
* Resolves spontaneously after 6-8 weeks
* Resolves spontaneously after 6-8 weeks
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** [[Arthralgia]]
** [[Arthralgia]]
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* Infection by any of the following:<ref name="pmid19997691">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prantsidis A, Rigopoulos D, Papatheodorou G, Menounos P, Gregoriou S, Alexiou-Mousatou I, Katsambas A |title=Detection of human herpesvirus 8 in the skin of patients with pityriasis rosea |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=604–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19997691 |doi=10.2340/00015555-0703 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Infection]] by any of the following:<ref name="pmid19997691">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prantsidis A, Rigopoulos D, Papatheodorou G, Menounos P, Gregoriou S, Alexiou-Mousatou I, Katsambas A |title=Detection of human herpesvirus 8 in the skin of patients with pityriasis rosea |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=604–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19997691 |doi=10.2340/00015555-0703 |url=}}</ref>
** [[Human herpesvirus 6|HHV-6]]
**[[Human herpesvirus 6|HHV-6]]
** [[HHV-7]]
** [[HHV-7]]
** [[HHV-8]]
** [[HHV-8]]
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[[Image:Pityriasisrosea.png|200px]]
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|[[Pityriasis lichenoides chronica]]
|[[Pityriasis lichenoides chronica]]
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* Recurrent lesions are usually less evenly scattered than psoriasis
* Recurrent [[Lesion|lesions]] are usually less evenly scattered than psoriasis
* Brownish red or orange-brown color
* Brownish red or orange-brown color
* Lesions are capped by a single detachable opaque mica-like scale
* Lesions are capped by a single detachable opaque mica-like scale
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* [[Malaise]]
* [[Malaise]]
* [[Myalgias]]
* [[Myalgias]]
* Skin burning
* [[Skin]] burning
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pruritis]]
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* Infection by any of the following:<ref name="pmid9109005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith KJ, Nelson A, Skelton H, Yeager J, Wagner KF |title=Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in HIV-1+ patients: a marker of early stage disease. The Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research (MMCARR) |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=104–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9109005 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Infection]] by any of the following:<ref name="pmid9109005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith KJ, Nelson A, Skelton H, Yeager J, Wagner KF |title=Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in HIV-1+ patients: a marker of early stage disease. The Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research (MMCARR) |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=104–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9109005 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV)
**[[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus]] ([[EBV]])
** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
** [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV)
** [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus]] ([[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]])
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[[Image:PLEVA2.jpg|200px|courtesy http://www.regionalderm.com]]
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|[[Nummular dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid23517392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiamton S, Tangjaturonrusamee C, Kulthanan K |title=Clinical features and aggravating factors in nummular eczema in Thais |journal=Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23517392 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|[[Nummular dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid23517392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiamton S, Tangjaturonrusamee C, Kulthanan K |title=Clinical features and aggravating factors in nummular eczema in Thais |journal=Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23517392 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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* Associated with:
* Associated with:
** Dry skin  
** Dry [[skin]]
** Emotional stress
** [[Emotional]] [[Stress (medicine)|stress]]
** Allergens(rubber chemicals, [[formaldehyde]], [[neomycin]], chrome, [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[nickel]])
** [[Allergen|Allergens]](rubber [[chemicals]], [[formaldehyde]], [[neomycin]], chrome, [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[nickel]])
** [[Staphylococcus]] infection  
** [[Staphylococcus]] [[infection]]
** Seasonal variation
** Seasonal variation
** [[Alcohol]]  
** [[Alcohol]]  
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** [[Atopy]]
** [[Atopy]]
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[[Image:Nummular_dermatitis_eczematous.jpg|200px]]
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|[[Secondary syphilis]]<ref name="urlSTD Facts - Syphilis">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis.htm |title=STD Facts - Syphilis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
|[[Secondary syphilis]]<ref name="urlSTD Facts - Syphilis">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis.htm |title=STD Facts - Syphilis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
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* Round coppery red color lesions on palms and soles
* Round coppery red color [[Lesion|lesions]] on [[Hand|palms]] and [[Sole (foot)|soles]]
* [[Papule|Papules]] with collarette of scales
* [[Papule|Papules]] with collarette of scales
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** Positive [[Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test|VDRL]] test
** Positive [[Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test|VDRL]] test
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[[Image:Secondary_Syphilis.jpg|200px]]
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|[[Bowen’s disease]]<ref name="pmid28523295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neagu TP, Ţigliş M, Botezatu D, Enache V, Cobilinschi CO, Vâlcea-Precup MS, GrinŢescu IM |title=Clinical, histological and therapeutic features of Bowen's disease |journal=Rom J Morphol Embryol |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=33–40 |year=2017 |pmid=28523295 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|[[Bowen’s disease]]<ref name="pmid28523295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neagu TP, Ţigliş M, Botezatu D, Enache V, Cobilinschi CO, Vâlcea-Precup MS, GrinŢescu IM |title=Clinical, histological and therapeutic features of Bowen's disease |journal=Rom J Morphol Embryol |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=33–40 |year=2017 |pmid=28523295 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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* [[Erythematous]] little scaly plaque, which enlarges over time in an erratic manner
* [[Erythematous]] little scaly [[plaque]], which enlarges over time in an erratic manner
* Scale is usually yellow or white and it is easily detachable without producing any [[bleeding]]  
* Scale is usually yellow or white and it is easily detachable without producing any [[bleeding]]  
* Well defined margins
* Well defined margins
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* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Pain]]
* Bleeding lesions
* [[Bleeding]] [[Lesion|lesions]]
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* Associated with:<ref name="pmid25201325">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murao K, Yoshioka R, Kubo Y |title=Human papillomavirus infection in Bowen disease: negative p53 expression, not p16(INK4a) overexpression, is correlated with human papillomavirus-associated Bowen disease |journal=J. Dermatol. |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=878–84 |year=2014 |pmid=25201325 |doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12613 |url=}}</ref>
* Associated with:<ref name="pmid25201325">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murao K, Yoshioka R, Kubo Y |title=Human papillomavirus infection in Bowen disease: negative p53 expression, not p16(INK4a) overexpression, is correlated with human papillomavirus-associated Bowen disease |journal=J. Dermatol. |volume=41 |issue=10 |pages=878–84 |year=2014 |pmid=25201325 |doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12613 |url=}}</ref>
** [[Erythroplasia of Queyrat]] ([[Bowen's disease]] of the [[penis]])
**[[Erythroplasia of Queyrat]] ([[Bowen's disease]] of the [[penis]])
** [[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
** [[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
** Solar radiation and [[ultraviolet]] (UV) exposure
** Solar radiation and [[ultraviolet]] ([[UV]]) exposure
** [[Radiation therapy|Radiotherapy]]
** [[Radiation therapy|Radiotherapy]]
** [[Immunosuppression]]
** [[Immunosuppression]]
** [[Arsenic]] exposure
** [[Arsenic]] exposure
** [[Human papillomavirus|Human papilloma virus]] (HPV) type 16
** [[Human papillomavirus|Human papilloma virus]] ([[HPV]]) type 16
** [[Polyomavirus|Merkel cell polyomavirus]]
** [[Polyomavirus|Merkel cell polyomavirus]]
** [[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren’s syndrome]]
** [[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren’s syndrome]]
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[[Image:Bowen.jpg|200px]]
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|[[Exanthematous pustulosis]]<ref name="pmid26354880">{{cite journal |vauthors=Szatkowski J, Schwartz RA |title=Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): A review and update |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=73 |issue=5 |pages=843–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26354880 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.017 |url=}}</ref>
|[[Exanthematous pustulosis]]<ref name="pmid26354880">{{cite journal |vauthors=Szatkowski J, Schwartz RA |title=Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): A review and update |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=73 |issue=5 |pages=843–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26354880 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.017 |url=}}</ref>
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* Associated with:<ref name="pmid12466124">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmid S, Kuechler PC, Britschgi M, Steiner UC, Yawalkar N, Limat A, Baltensperger K, Braathen L, Pichler WJ |title=Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: role of cytotoxic T cells in pustule formation |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=161 |issue=6 |pages=2079–86 |year=2002 |pmid=12466124 |pmc=1850901 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64486-0 |url=}}</ref>
* Associated with:<ref name="pmid12466124">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmid S, Kuechler PC, Britschgi M, Steiner UC, Yawalkar N, Limat A, Baltensperger K, Braathen L, Pichler WJ |title=Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: role of cytotoxic T cells in pustule formation |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=161 |issue=6 |pages=2079–86 |year=2002 |pmid=12466124 |pmc=1850901 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64486-0 |url=}}</ref>
** Antibiotics([[Penicillin|penicillins]], [[sulfonamides]], [[tetracyclines]])
**[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]] ([[Penicillin|penicillins]], [[sulfonamides]], [[tetracyclines]])
** [[Carbamazepine]]
** [[Carbamazepine]]
** [[Calcium channel blocker|Calcium channel blockers]]([[Diltiazem]])
** [[Calcium channel blocker|Calcium channel blockers]]([[Diltiazem]])
** [[Hydroxychloroquine]]
** [[Hydroxychloroquine]]
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[[Image:Acute_generalized_exanthematous_pustulosis.jpg|200px]]
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|[[Lichen planus|Hypertrophic lichen planus]]<ref name="pmid27222766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ankad BS, Beergouder SL |title=Hypertrophic lichen planus versus prurigo nodularis: a dermoscopic perspective |journal=Dermatol Pract Concept |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=9–15 |year=2016 |pmid=27222766 |pmc=4866621 |doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a03 |url=}}</ref>
|[[Lichen planus|Hypertrophic lichen planus]]<ref name="pmid27222766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ankad BS, Beergouder SL |title=Hypertrophic lichen planus versus prurigo nodularis: a dermoscopic perspective |journal=Dermatol Pract Concept |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=9–15 |year=2016 |pmid=27222766 |pmc=4866621 |doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a03 |url=}}</ref>
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* Classically involves shin and ankles and is characterized by [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]] [[Plaque|plaques]] and [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] covered by a scale
* Classically involves [[shin]] and ankles and is characterized by [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]] [[Plaque|plaques]] and [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] covered by a scale
* Lesions may transform into [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]] thickened elevated purplish or reddish [[Plaque|plaques]] and [[nodules]]
* [[Lesion|Lesions]] may transform into [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]] thickened elevated purplish or reddish [[Plaque|plaques]] and [[nodules]]
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* Chronic [[pruritis]]
* [[Chronic (medical)|Chronic]] [[pruritis]]
* Scaling
* Scaling
* May be asymptomatic
* May be [[asymptomatic]]
|
|
* Associated with [[Hepatitis C virus]] infection<ref name="pmid19770446">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shengyuan L, Songpo Y, Wen W, Wenjing T, Haitao Z, Binyou W |title=Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a reciprocal association determined by a meta-analysis |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=145 |issue=9 |pages=1040–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19770446 |doi=10.1001/archdermatol.2009.200 |url=}}</ref>
* Associated with [[Hepatitis C virus]] [[infection]]<ref name="pmid19770446">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shengyuan L, Songpo Y, Wen W, Wenjing T, Haitao Z, Binyou W |title=Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a reciprocal association determined by a meta-analysis |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=145 |issue=9 |pages=1040–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19770446 |doi=10.1001/archdermatol.2009.200 |url=}}</ref>
|
|
[[Image:Lichen_planus2.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
|Sneddon–Wilkinson disease<ref name="pmid9564592">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lutz ME, Daoud MS, McEvoy MT, Gibson LE |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: a clinical study of ten patients |journal=Cutis |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=203–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9564592 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|Sneddon–Wilkinson [[disease]]<ref name="pmid9564592">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lutz ME, Daoud MS, McEvoy MT, Gibson LE |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: a clinical study of ten patients |journal=Cutis |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=203–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9564592 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|
|
* [[Flaccid]] [[pustules]] that are often generalized and have a tendency to involve the flexural areas
* [[Flaccid]] [[pustules]] that are often generalized and have a tendency to involve the flexural areas
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|
|
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pruritis]]
* May be asymptomatic
* May be [[asymptomatic]]
|
|
* Associated with:
* Associated with:
** [[Monoclonal gammopathy]], usually an IgA paraproteinemia<ref name="pmid3056995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kasha EE, Epinette WW |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease) in association with a monoclonal IgA gammopathy: a report and review of the literature |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=19 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=854–8 |year=1988 |pmid=3056995 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**[[Monoclonal gammopathy]], usually an IgA paraproteinemia<ref name="pmid3056995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kasha EE, Epinette WW |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease) in association with a monoclonal IgA gammopathy: a report and review of the literature |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=19 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=854–8 |year=1988 |pmid=3056995 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Crohn's disease]]<ref name="pmid1357895">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delaporte E, Colombel JF, Nguyen-Mailfer C, Piette F, Cortot A, Bergoend H |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a patient with Crohn's disease |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=301–2 |year=1992 |pmid=1357895 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Crohn's disease]]<ref name="pmid1357895">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delaporte E, Colombel JF, Nguyen-Mailfer C, Piette F, Cortot A, Bergoend H |title=Subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a patient with Crohn's disease |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=301–2 |year=1992 |pmid=1357895 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Osteomyelitis]]
** [[Osteomyelitis]]
** [[Adalimumab]]<ref name="pmid23489057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sauder MB, Glassman SJ |title=Palmoplantar subcorneal pustular dermatosis following adalimumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=624–8 |year=2013 |pmid=23489057 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05707.x |url=}}</ref>
** [[Adalimumab]]<ref name="pmid23489057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sauder MB, Glassman SJ |title=Palmoplantar subcorneal pustular dermatosis following adalimumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Int. J. Dermatol. |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=624–8 |year=2013 |pmid=23489057 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05707.x |url=}}</ref>
|
|
[[Image:Snedden.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
|[[Parapsoriasis|Small plaque parapsoriasis]]<ref name="pmid7026622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lambert WC, Everett MA |title=The nosology of parapsoriasis |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=373–95 |year=1981 |pmid=7026622 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|[[Parapsoriasis|Small plaque parapsoriasis]]<ref name="pmid7026622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lambert WC, Everett MA |title=The nosology of parapsoriasis |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=373–95 |year=1981 |pmid=7026622 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|
|
* [[Erythematous]] [[plaques]] which are covered with fine scale.  
* [[Erythematous]] [[plaques]] which are covered with fine scale.  
* May present with elongated, finger-like patches symmetrically distributed on the flanks, also known as digitate dermatosis
* May present with elongated, finger-like [[Patched|patches]] symmetrically distributed on the flanks, also known as digitate [[dermatosis]]
|
|
* Lesions may be asymptomatic  
* [[Lesion|Lesions]] may be [[asymptomatic]]
* May be mildly [[Itch|pruritic]]  
* May be mildly [[Itch|pruritic]]  
* May fade or disappear after sun exposure during the summer season, but typically recur during the winter
* May fade or disappear after sun exposure during the summer season, but typically recur during the winter
Line 220: Line 217:
* May progress to [[mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="pmid16191852">{{cite journal |vauthors=Väkevä L, Sarna S, Vaalasti A, Pukkala E, Kariniemi AL, Ranki A |title=A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=318–23 |year=2005 |pmid=16191852 |doi=10.1080/00015550510030087 |url=}}</ref>
* May progress to [[mycosis fungoides]]<ref name="pmid16191852">{{cite journal |vauthors=Väkevä L, Sarna S, Vaalasti A, Pukkala E, Kariniemi AL, Ranki A |title=A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides |journal=Acta Derm. Venereol. |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=318–23 |year=2005 |pmid=16191852 |doi=10.1080/00015550510030087 |url=}}</ref>
|
|
[[Image:Small_plaque_parapsoriasis.jpg|200px|courtesy http://www.regionalderm.com]]
|-
|-
|[[Intertrigo]]<ref name="pmid16156342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A |title=Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=833–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16156342 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|[[Intertrigo]]<ref name="pmid16156342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A |title=Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=833–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16156342 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 226: Line 222:
* Red and fleshy looking lesion in [[skin]] folds
* Red and fleshy looking lesion in [[skin]] folds
* [[Itching]]  
* [[Itching]]  
* oozing
* Oozing
* May be sore
* May be [[sore]]
|
|
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pruritis]]
Line 233: Line 229:
|
|
* Associated with:
* Associated with:
** [[Infections]] (Fungal, bacterial, viral)
** [[Infections]] ([[Fungal]], [[bacterial]], [[Virus|viral]])
** [[Allergies]]
** [[Allergies]]
** [[Diabetes Mellitus|Diabetes]]
** [[Diabetes Mellitus|Diabetes]]
** [[Obesity]]
** [[Obesity]]
|
|
[[Image:Axillary_intertrigo.png|200px]]
|-
|-
|[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid18577030">{{cite journal |vauthors=Satter EK, High WA |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a review of the current recommendations of the Histiocyte Society |journal=Pediatr Dermatol |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=291–5 |year=2008 |pmid=18577030 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00669.x |url=}}</ref>
|[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]<ref name="pmid18577030">{{cite journal |vauthors=Satter EK, High WA |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a review of the current recommendations of the Histiocyte Society |journal=Pediatr Dermatol |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=291–5 |year=2008 |pmid=18577030 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00669.x |url=}}</ref>
Line 244: Line 239:
* Scaling and crusting of the [[scalp]]
* Scaling and crusting of the [[scalp]]
|
|
* Pathological fractures<ref name="pmid1636041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stull MA, Kransdorf MJ, Devaney KO |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone |journal=Radiographics |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=801–23 |year=1992 |pmid=1636041 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.12.4.1636041 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Pathological]] [[fractures]]<ref name="pmid1636041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stull MA, Kransdorf MJ, Devaney KO |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone |journal=Radiographics |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=801–23 |year=1992 |pmid=1636041 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.12.4.1636041 |url=}}</ref>
* Visceromegaly ([[hepatomegaly]], [[spleenomegaly]])
* Visceromegaly ([[hepatomegaly]], [[spleenomegaly]])
* [[Chronic cough, severe cold|Chronic cough]]
* [[Chronic cough, severe cold|Chronic cough]]
Line 251: Line 246:
|
|
* Associated with:
* Associated with:
** [[Diabetes insipidus]]<ref name="pmid16047354">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grois N, Pötschger U, Prosch H, Minkov M, Arico M, Braier J, Henter JI, Janka-Schaub G, Ladisch S, Ritter J, Steiner M, Unger E, Gadner H |title=Risk factors for diabetes insipidus in langerhans cell histiocytosis |journal=Pediatr Blood Cancer |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=228–33 |year=2006 |pmid=16047354 |doi=10.1002/pbc.20425 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Diabetes insipidus]]<ref name="pmid16047354">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grois N, Pötschger U, Prosch H, Minkov M, Arico M, Braier J, Henter JI, Janka-Schaub G, Ladisch S, Ritter J, Steiner M, Unger E, Gadner H |title=Risk factors for diabetes insipidus in langerhans cell histiocytosis |journal=Pediatr Blood Cancer |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=228–33 |year=2006 |pmid=16047354 |doi=10.1002/pbc.20425 |url=}}</ref>
** [[Pancytopenia]]
** [[Pancytopenia]]
|
|
[[Image:Langerhan_cell_histiocytosis.jpg|200px|courtesy http://www.regionalderm.com ]]
|-
|-
|[[Tinea manuum]]/pedum/capitis<ref name="pmid15050029">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G |title=Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications |journal=Clin Mol Allergy |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=5 |year=2004 |pmid=15050029 |pmc=419368 |doi=10.1186/1476-7961-2-5 |url=}}</ref>
|[[Tinea manuum]]/pedum/capitis<ref name="pmid15050029">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G |title=Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications |journal=Clin Mol Allergy |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=5 |year=2004 |pmid=15050029 |pmc=419368 |doi=10.1186/1476-7961-2-5 |url=}}</ref>
|
|
* scaling, flaking, and sometimes blistering of the affected areas
* [[Scaling skin|Scaling]], flaking, and sometimes [[Blister|blistering]] of the affected areas
* Hair loss with a black dot on scalp in case of [[tinea capitis]]
* [[Hair]] loss with a black dot on [[scalp]] in case of [[tinea capitis]]
|
|
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Pruritis]]
* KOH preparation of the lesions confirms [[fungal infection]]
* [[KOH]] preparation of the lesions confirms [[fungal infection]]
|
|
* Associated with:
* Associated with:
** [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes]]
** [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes]]
** [[Immunosupression]]
** [[Immunosupression]]
** Intimate contact with infected person
** Intimate contact with [[infected]] person
** May lead to [[asthma]] exacerbation
** May lead to [[asthma]] exacerbation
|
|
[[Image:Tinea_pedis.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
|[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
|[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] <ref name="pmid16848386">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK |title=Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=16848386 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18033062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Misery L, Touboul S, Vinçot C, Dutray S, Rolland-Jacob G, Consoli SG, Farcet Y, Feton-Danou N, Cardinaud F, Callot V, De La Chapelle C, Pomey-Rey D, Consoli SM |title=[Stress and seborrheic dermatitis] |language=French |journal=Ann Dermatol Venereol |volume=134 |issue=11 |pages=833–7 |year=2007 |pmid=18033062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|
|
* [[Papulosquamous]], scaly, flaky, [[itchy]], and red [[rash]] found particularly at [[sebaceous gland]]-rich areas of the body
* [[Papulosquamous]], scaly, flaky, [[itchy]], and red [[rash]] found particularly at [[sebaceous gland]]-rich areas of the [[Human body|body]]
|
|
|
|
* Associated with:<ref name="pmid16848386">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK |title=Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=16848386 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Associated with:
** [[AIDS]]
**[[AIDS]]
** [[Stress]]<ref name="pmid18033062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Misery L, Touboul S, Vinçot C, Dutray S, Rolland-Jacob G, Consoli SG, Farcet Y, Feton-Danou N, Cardinaud F, Callot V, De La Chapelle C, Pomey-Rey D, Consoli SM |title=[Stress and seborrheic dermatitis] |language=French |journal=Ann Dermatol Venereol |volume=134 |issue=11 |pages=833–7 |year=2007 |pmid=18033062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**[[Stress]]
** [[Fungal infection]]
**[[Fungal infection]]
** [[Fatigue]]
**[[Fatigue]]
** [[Sleep deprivation]]  
**[[Sleep deprivation]]
** Change of season
** Change of season
** [[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's]] disease
**[[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's]] [[disease]]
** [[Biotin]] deficiency
**[[Biotin]] deficiency
|
|
[[Image:Seborrhoeic_dermatitisnew.jpg|200px]]
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 15:23, 15 October 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2], Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [3]

Overview

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.

Differentiating Cutaneous T cell lymphoma from other Diseases

Disease Rash Characteristics Signs and Symptoms Associated Conditions Rash Appearance
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma/Mycosis fungoides[8]
Pityriasis rosea[9]
  • Pink or salmon in colour, which may be scaly, termed as "herald patch"
  • Oval in shape
  • Long axis oriented along the clevage lines
  • Distributed on the trunk and proximal extremities
  • Squamous marginal collarette and a “fir-tree” or “Christmas tree” distribution on the posterior trunk
  • Develops after viral infection
  • Resolves spontaneously after 6-8 weeks
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica
  • Recurrent lesions are usually less evenly scattered than psoriasis
  • Brownish red or orange-brown color
  • Lesions are capped by a single detachable opaque mica-like scale
  • Often leave hypopigmented macules
Nummular dermatitis[12]
  • Lesions commonly relapse after occasional remission or may persist for long periods
  • Pruritis
Secondary syphilis[13]
Bowen’s disease[14]
  • Erythematous little scaly plaque, which enlarges over time in an erratic manner
  • Scale is usually yellow or white and it is easily detachable without producing any bleeding
  • Well defined margins
Exanthematous pustulosis[16]
Hypertrophic lichen planus[18]
Sneddon–Wilkinson disease[20]
  • Flaccid pustules that are often generalized and have a tendency to involve the flexural areas
  • Have an annular configuration
Small plaque parapsoriasis[24]
  • Lesions may be asymptomatic
  • May be mildly pruritic
  • May fade or disappear after sun exposure during the summer season, but typically recur during the winter
Intertrigo[26]
Langerhans cell histiocytosis[27]
  • Scaling and crusting of the scalp
Tinea manuum/pedum/capitis[31]
Seborrheic dermatitis [32][33]

References

  1. ↑ Yamashita T, Abbade LP, Marques ME, Marques SA (2012). "Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical review and update". An Bras Dermatol. 87 (6): 817–28, quiz 829–30. PMC 3699909. PMID 23197199.
  2. ↑ Olek-Hrab K, Silny W (March 2014). "Diagnostics in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome". Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 19 (2): 72–6. doi:10.1016/j.rpor.2013.11.001. PMC 4054990. PMID 24936324.
  3. ↑ Klemke CD, Brade J, Weckesser S, Sachse MM, Booken N, Neumaier M, Goerdt S, Nebe TC (September 2008). "The diagnosis of Sézary syndrome on peripheral blood by flow cytometry requires the use of multiple markers". Br. J. Dermatol. 159 (4): 871–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08739.x. PMID 18652582.
  4. ↑ Scala E, Abeni D, Palazzo P, Liso M, Pomponi D, Lombardo G, Picchio MC, Narducci MG, Russo G, Mari A (2012). "Specific IgE toward allergenic molecules is a new prognostic marker in patients with Sézary syndrome". Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 157 (2): 159–67. doi:10.1159/000327553. PMID 21985996.
  5. ↑ Chu AC, Robinson D, Hawk JL, Meacham R, Spittle MF, Smith NP (February 1986). "Immunologic differentiation of the Sézary syndrome due to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and chronic actinic dermatitis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 86 (2): 134–7. PMID 3528307.
  6. ↑ Tidwell, W. James; Malone, Janine; Callen, Jeffrey P. (2016). "Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Lipodermatosclerosis". JAMA Dermatology. 152 (4): 487. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.6106. ISSN 2168-6068.
  7. ↑ Chand K, Sayal SK, Chand S (April 2007). "Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)". Med J Armed Forces India. 63 (2): 188–90. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(07)80076-1. PMC 4925357. PMID 27407986.
  8. ↑ "Mycosis Fungoides and the Sézary Syndrome Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute".
  9. ↑ Mahajan K, Relhan V, Relhan AK, Garg VK (2016). "Pityriasis Rosea: An Update on Etiopathogenesis and Management of Difficult Aspects". Indian J Dermatol. 61 (4): 375–84. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.185699. PMC 4966395. PMID 27512182.
  10. ↑ Prantsidis A, Rigopoulos D, Papatheodorou G, Menounos P, Gregoriou S, Alexiou-Mousatou I, Katsambas A (2009). "Detection of human herpesvirus 8 in the skin of patients with pityriasis rosea". Acta Derm. Venereol. 89 (6): 604–6. doi:10.2340/00015555-0703. PMID 19997691.
  11. ↑ Smith KJ, Nelson A, Skelton H, Yeager J, Wagner KF (1997). "Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in HIV-1+ patients: a marker of early stage disease. The Military Medical Consortium for the Advancement of Retroviral Research (MMCARR)". Int. J. Dermatol. 36 (2): 104–9. PMID 9109005.
  12. ↑ Jiamton S, Tangjaturonrusamee C, Kulthanan K (2013). "Clinical features and aggravating factors in nummular eczema in Thais". Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. 31 (1): 36–42. PMID 23517392.
  13. ↑ "STD Facts - Syphilis".
  14. ↑ Neagu TP, Ţigliş M, Botezatu D, Enache V, Cobilinschi CO, Vâlcea-Precup MS, GrinŢescu IM (2017). "Clinical, histological and therapeutic features of Bowen's disease". Rom J Morphol Embryol. 58 (1): 33–40. PMID 28523295.
  15. ↑ Murao K, Yoshioka R, Kubo Y (2014). "Human papillomavirus infection in Bowen disease: negative p53 expression, not p16(INK4a) overexpression, is correlated with human papillomavirus-associated Bowen disease". J. Dermatol. 41 (10): 878–84. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12613. PMID 25201325.
  16. ↑ Szatkowski J, Schwartz RA (2015). "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): A review and update". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 73 (5): 843–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.017. PMID 26354880.
  17. ↑ Schmid S, Kuechler PC, Britschgi M, Steiner UC, Yawalkar N, Limat A, Baltensperger K, Braathen L, Pichler WJ (2002). "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: role of cytotoxic T cells in pustule formation". Am. J. Pathol. 161 (6): 2079–86. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64486-0. PMC 1850901. PMID 12466124.
  18. ↑ Ankad BS, Beergouder SL (2016). "Hypertrophic lichen planus versus prurigo nodularis: a dermoscopic perspective". Dermatol Pract Concept. 6 (2): 9–15. doi:10.5826/dpc.0602a03. PMC 4866621. PMID 27222766.
  19. ↑ Shengyuan L, Songpo Y, Wen W, Wenjing T, Haitao Z, Binyou W (2009). "Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a reciprocal association determined by a meta-analysis". Arch Dermatol. 145 (9): 1040–7. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2009.200. PMID 19770446.
  20. ↑ Lutz ME, Daoud MS, McEvoy MT, Gibson LE (1998). "Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: a clinical study of ten patients". Cutis. 61 (4): 203–8. PMID 9564592.
  21. ↑ Kasha EE, Epinette WW (1988). "Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease) in association with a monoclonal IgA gammopathy: a report and review of the literature". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 19 (5 Pt 1): 854–8. PMID 3056995.
  22. ↑ Delaporte E, Colombel JF, Nguyen-Mailfer C, Piette F, Cortot A, Bergoend H (1992). "Subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a patient with Crohn's disease". Acta Derm. Venereol. 72 (4): 301–2. PMID 1357895.
  23. ↑ Sauder MB, Glassman SJ (2013). "Palmoplantar subcorneal pustular dermatosis following adalimumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis". Int. J. Dermatol. 52 (5): 624–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05707.x. PMID 23489057.
  24. ↑ Lambert WC, Everett MA (1981). "The nosology of parapsoriasis". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 5 (4): 373–95. PMID 7026622.
  25. ↑ Väkevä L, Sarna S, Vaalasti A, Pukkala E, Kariniemi AL, Ranki A (2005). "A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides". Acta Derm. Venereol. 85 (4): 318–23. doi:10.1080/00015550510030087. PMID 16191852.
  26. ↑ Janniger CK, Schwartz RA, Szepietowski JC, Reich A (2005). "Intertrigo and common secondary skin infections". Am Fam Physician. 72 (5): 833–8. PMID 16156342.
  27. ↑ Satter EK, High WA (2008). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a review of the current recommendations of the Histiocyte Society". Pediatr Dermatol. 25 (3): 291–5. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00669.x. PMID 18577030.
  28. ↑ Stull MA, Kransdorf MJ, Devaney KO (1992). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone". Radiographics. 12 (4): 801–23. doi:10.1148/radiographics.12.4.1636041. PMID 1636041.
  29. ↑ Sholl LM, Hornick JL, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS, Padera RF (2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis of langerin in langerhans cell histiocytosis and pulmonary inflammatory and infectious diseases". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 31 (6): 947–52. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000249443.82971.bb. PMID 17527085.
  30. ↑ Grois N, Pötschger U, Prosch H, Minkov M, Arico M, Braier J, Henter JI, Janka-Schaub G, Ladisch S, Ritter J, Steiner M, Unger E, Gadner H (2006). "Risk factors for diabetes insipidus in langerhans cell histiocytosis". Pediatr Blood Cancer. 46 (2): 228–33. doi:10.1002/pbc.20425. PMID 16047354.
  31. ↑ Al Hasan M, Fitzgerald SM, Saoudian M, Krishnaswamy G (2004). "Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications". Clin Mol Allergy. 2 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/1476-7961-2-5. PMC 419368. PMID 15050029.
  32. ↑ Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK (2006). "Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 74 (1): 125–30. PMID 16848386.
  33. ↑ Misery L, Touboul S, Vinçot C, Dutray S, Rolland-Jacob G, Consoli SG, Farcet Y, Feton-Danou N, Cardinaud F, Callot V, De La Chapelle C, Pomey-Rey D, Consoli SM (2007). "[Stress and seborrheic dermatitis]". Ann Dermatol Venereol (in French). 134 (11): 833–7. PMID 18033062.


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