Pneumomediastinum classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups | Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups<ref name="pmid25774307">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P |title=Pneumomediastinum |journal=J Thorac Dis |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S44–9 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25774307 |pmc=4332083 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11 |url=}}</ref>: | ||
* Spontaneous, also known as [[idiopathic]] pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine. | * Spontaneous, also known as [[idiopathic]] pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine. | ||
* Secondary pneumomediastinum: | * Secondary pneumomediastinum: | ||
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{{Family tree/start}} | {{Family tree/start}} | ||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | {{Family tree | | | | | | A01 | | | |A01= '''Pneumomediastinum'''}} | ||
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{{Family tree | | {{Family tree |boxstyle=text-align: left| | | C01 | | | | C02 |C01= '''Spontaneous pneumomediastinum''' <br>•Tobacco and recreational drug use| C02= '''Secondary pneumomediastinum'''}} | ||
{{family tree | {{family tree | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | }} | ||
{{family tree |boxstyle=text-align: | {{family tree |boxstyle=text-align: left| | | | | | D01 | | | | D02 | | |D01= '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
<br>• Endoscopic procedures<br>• Intubation/extubation<br>• Central line access<br>• Pleural cavity instrumentation<br>• Chest or abdominal surgery| D02= '''Traumatic''' <br>• Blunt force trauma<br>• Penetrating truma to chest/abdomen<br> '''Non traumatic''' <br>• Asthma<br>• Interstitial lung disease<br>• COPD<br>• Bronchiectasis<br>• Lung cysts<br>• Lung malignacies<br>• Excessive vomitting}} | <br>• Endoscopic procedures<br>• Intubation/extubation<br>• Central line access<br>• Pleural cavity instrumentation<br>• Chest or abdominal surgery| D02= '''Traumatic''' <br>• Blunt force trauma<br>• Penetrating truma to chest/abdomen<br> '''Non traumatic''' <br>• Asthma<br>• Interstitial lung disease<br>• COPD<br>• Bronchiectasis<br>• Lung cysts<br>• Lung malignacies<br>• Excessive vomitting}} | ||
{{family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | {{family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:58, 17 December 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pneumomediastinum may be classified according to cause into spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum. Both the categories have multiple causes.
Classification
Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups[1]:
- Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine.
- Secondary pneumomediastinum:
- Iatrogenic: Endoscopic procedures, intubation/extubation, central vascular access procedure, pleural cavity instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery.
- Traumatic: Blunt force trauma, penetrating chest or abdominal injury.
- Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as asthma, interstitial lung disease, COPD, bronchiectasis, lung cysts, lung malignancy, excessive vomiting.
| Pneumomediastinum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spontaneous pneumomediastinum •Tobacco and recreational drug use | Secondary pneumomediastinum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iatrogenic
• Endoscopic procedures • Intubation/extubation • Central line access • Pleural cavity instrumentation • Chest or abdominal surgery | Traumatic • Blunt force trauma • Penetrating truma to chest/abdomen Non traumatic • Asthma • Interstitial lung disease • COPD • Bronchiectasis • Lung cysts • Lung malignacies • Excessive vomitting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pneumomediastinum can also be classified according to the entry of air into the mediastinal cavity: Head/neck/upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or external environment. [2]
References
- ↑ Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P (February 2015). "Pneumomediastinum". J Thorac Dis. 7 (Suppl 1): S44–9. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11. PMC 4332083. PMID 25774307.
- ↑ http://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/pulmonary-medicine/non-neoplastic-disorders-of-the-mediastinum-pneumomediastinum/article/661012/