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{{Acoustic neuroma}}
{{Acoustic neuroma}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of acoustic neuroma are [[neurofibromatosis type 2]], [[radiation]], exposure to loud noise, history of parathyroid adenoma, and the use of cellular phones.<ref name="wiki">Vestibular Schwannoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref>
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of acoustic neuroma are [[neurofibromatosis type 2]] and [[radiation]] exposure. Less common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] include sporadic defects in [[Tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressor genes]], exposure to loud noise, history of [[parathyroid adenoma]], and the use of cellular phones.  
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The risk factors of acoustic neuroma include:
 
*Neurofibromatosis type 2<ref>{{Cite journal
=== Common Risk Factors ===
*[[Neurofibromatosis type II|Neurofibromatosis type 2]]<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Michael E. Sughrue]], [[Andrea H. Yeung]], [[Martin J. Rutkowski]], [[Steven W. Cheung]] & [[Andrew T. Parsa]]
  | author = [[Michael E. Sughrue]], [[Andrea H. Yeung]], [[Martin J. Rutkowski]], [[Steven W. Cheung]] & [[Andrew T. Parsa]]
  | title = Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics
  | title = Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics
Line 29: Line 30:
  | pmid = 27958595
  | pmid = 27958595
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
*:The known risk factor for acoustic neuroma is having a parent with the rare [[genetic]] disorder [[neurofibromatosis type 2]]. Neurofibromatosis type 2 is characterized by development of [[benign]] [[tumors]] on the VIII [[cranial nerve]](balance nerves) on both sides of your [[head]] but it can affect other nerves too. NF2 is an [[autosomal]]:[[dominant]] disorder. The [[mutation]] can be passed on by just one parent(dominant gene). Each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it. NF2 occurs :with a frequency of 1 in 30,000 to 1 in 50,000 births. Neurofibromatosis type II occurs in individuals who have defective tumor suppressor gene located on [[chromosome]] :''22q12.2''. The defective [[protein]] produced by the [[gene]] is called merlin or schwannomin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=D. Bradley Welling, MD|first=|date=1998|title=Clinical Manifestations of Mutations in the Neurofibrornatosis Type 2 Gene in Vestibular Schwannornas (Acoustic Neurornas)|url=|journal=Laryngoscope|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guy A.rouleau. Philippe Merel. Mohini Lutchman. Marc Sanson. Jessica Zucman. Cluade Marineau.|first=|date=1993|title=Alteration in a new gene encoding a putative membrane-organizing protein causes neuroma-fibromatosis type 2|url=|journal=Nature|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
*Childhood exposure to [[radiation]] of the [[head]] and [[neck]]<ref>{{Cite journal
*Childhood exposure to [[radiation]] of the [[head]] and [[neck]] may be associated with acoustic neuroma.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Arthur B. Schneider]], [[Elaine Ron]], [[Jay Lubin]], [[Marilyn Stovall]], [[Eileen Shore-Freedman]], [[Jocelyn Tolentino]] & [[Barbara J. Collins]]
  | author = [[Arthur B. Schneider]], [[Elaine Ron]], [[Jay Lubin]], [[Marilyn Stovall]], [[Eileen Shore-Freedman]], [[Jocelyn Tolentino]] & [[Barbara J. Collins]]
  | title = Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck
  | title = Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck
Line 52: Line 52:
  | pmid = 6850504
  | pmid = 6850504
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
*There is a growing body of evidence that sporadic defects in tumor suppressor genes may give rise to acoustic neuromas in some individuals.
*Exposure to high-dose [[ionizing radiation]]<ref>{{Cite journal
*Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation is the only definite environmental risk factor associated with an increased risk of developing an acoustic neuroma.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Oyebode Taiwo]], [[Deron Galusha]], [[Baylah Tessier-Sherman]], [[Sharon Kirsche]], [[Linda Cantley]], [[Martin D. Slade]], [[Mark R. Cullen]] & [[A. Michael Donoghue]]
  | author = [[Oyebode Taiwo]], [[Deron Galusha]], [[Baylah Tessier-Sherman]], [[Sharon Kirsche]], [[Linda Cantley]], [[Martin D. Slade]], [[Mark R. Cullen]] & [[A. Michael Donoghue]]
  | title = Acoustic neuroma: potential risk factors and audiometric surveillance in the aluminium industry
  | title = Acoustic neuroma: potential risk factors and audiometric surveillance in the aluminium industry
Line 75: Line 74:
  | doi = 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.776
  | doi = 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.776
  | pmid = 26996581
  | pmid = 26996581
}}</ref>
}}</ref>  
*Exposure to loud noise on a consistent basis may give rise to acoustic neuromas.<ref>{{Cite journal
 
=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
*Sporadic defects in [[Tumor suppressor gene|tumor suppressor genes]] in some individuals
*Exposure to loud noise on a consistent basis<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Colin G. Edwards]], [[Judith A. Schwartzbaum]], [[Stefan Lonn]], [[Anders Ahlbom]] & [[Maria Feychting]]
  | author = [[Colin G. Edwards]], [[Judith A. Schwartzbaum]], [[Stefan Lonn]], [[Anders Ahlbom]] & [[Maria Feychting]]
  | title = Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma
  | title = Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma
Line 88: Line 90:
  | pmid = 16357108
  | pmid = 16357108
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
*A concomitant history of having had a [[parathyroid]] [[adenoma]] may have an increased risk of developing vestibular schwannoma.<ref>{{Cite journal
*A concomitant history of having had a [[parathyroid]] [[adenoma]]<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[L. Magnus Backlund]], [[Dan Grander]], [[Lena Brandt]], [[Per Hall]] & [[Anders Ekbom]]
  | author = [[L. Magnus Backlund]], [[Dan Grander]], [[Lena Brandt]], [[Per Hall]] & [[Anders Ekbom]]
  | title = Parathyroid adenoma and primary CNS tumors
  | title = Parathyroid adenoma and primary CNS tumors
Line 100: Line 102:
  | pmid = 15515018
  | pmid = 15515018
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
*The use of cellular phones may be associated with increased incidence of acoustic neuromas. Whether or not the radiofrequency [[radiation]] has anything to do with acoustic neuroma formation, remains to be seen.To date, no environmental factor (such as cell phones or diet) has been scientifically proven to cause these tumors. The Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) does recommend that frequent cellular phone users use a hands free device to enable separation of the device from the head.<ref>{{Cite journal
*The use of cellular phones<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Seung-Kwon Myung]], [[Woong Ju]], [[Diana D. McDonnell]], [[Yeon Ji Lee]], [[Gene Kazinets]], [[Chih-Tao Cheng]] & [[Joel M. Moskowitz]]
  | author = [[Seung-Kwon Myung]], [[Woong Ju]], [[Diana D. McDonnell]], [[Yeon Ji Lee]], [[Gene Kazinets]], [[Chih-Tao Cheng]] & [[Joel M. Moskowitz]]
  | title = Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis
  | title = Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis
Line 132: Line 134:
  | doi = 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182448295
  | doi = 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182448295
  | pmid = 22249239
  | pmid = 22249239
}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="BaanGrosse2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baan|first1=Robert|last2=Grosse|first2=Yann|last3=Lauby-Secretan|first3=Béatrice|last4=El Ghissassi|first4=Fatiha|last5=Bouvard|first5=Véronique|last6=Benbrahim-Tallaa|first6=Lamia|last7=Guha|first7=Neela|last8=Islami|first8=Farhad|last9=Galichet|first9=Laurent|last10=Straif|first10=Kurt|title=Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields|journal=The Lancet Oncology|volume=12|issue=7|year=2011|pages=624–626|issn=14702045|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70147-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study|journal=Cancer Epidemiology|volume=35|issue=5|year=2011|pages=453–464|issn=18777821|doi=10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:08, 24 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2] Mohsen Basiri M.D.

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of acoustic neuroma are neurofibromatosis type 2 and radiation exposure. Less common risk factors include sporadic defects in tumor suppressor genes, exposure to loud noise, history of parathyroid adenoma, and the use of cellular phones.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

References

  1. Michael E. Sughrue, Andrea H. Yeung, Martin J. Rutkowski, Steven W. Cheung & Andrew T. Parsa (2011). "Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics". Journal of neurosurgery. 114 (2): 359–366. doi:10.3171/2009.10.JNS091135. PMID 19943731. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. M. Ruggieri, A. D. Pratico, A. Serra, L. Maiolino, S. Cocuzza, P. Di Mauro, L. Licciardello, P. Milone, G. Privitera, G. Belfiore, M. Di Pietro, F. Di Raimondo, A. Romano, A. Chiarenza, M. Muglia, A. Polizzi & D. G. Evans (2016). "Childhood neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and related disorders: from bench to bedside and biologically targeted therapies". Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale. 36 (5): 345–367. doi:10.14639/0392-100X-1093. PMID 27958595. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Arthur B. Schneider, Elaine Ron, Jay Lubin, Marilyn Stovall, Eileen Shore-Freedman, Jocelyn Tolentino & Barbara J. Collins (2008). "Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck". Neuro-oncology. 10 (1): 73–78. doi:10.1215/15228517-2007-047. PMID 18079359. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. E. Shore-Freedman, C. Abrahams, W. Recant & A. B. Schneider (1983). "Neurilemomas and salivary gland tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation". Cancer. 51 (12): 2159–2163. PMID 6850504. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. Oyebode Taiwo, Deron Galusha, Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Sharon Kirsche, Linda Cantley, Martin D. Slade, Mark R. Cullen & A. Michael Donoghue (2014). "Acoustic neuroma: potential risk factors and audiometric surveillance in the aluminium industry". Occupational and environmental medicine. 71 (9): 624–628. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102094. PMID 25015928. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Mantao Chen, Zuoxu Fan, Xiujue Zheng, Fei Cao & Liang Wang (2016). "Risk Factors of Acoustic Neuroma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Yonsei medical journal. 57 (3): 776–783. doi:10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.776. PMID 26996581. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. Colin G. Edwards, Judith A. Schwartzbaum, Stefan Lonn, Anders Ahlbom & Maria Feychting (2006). "Exposure to loud noise and risk of acoustic neuroma". American journal of epidemiology. 163 (4): 327–333. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj044. PMID 16357108. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. L. Magnus Backlund, Dan Grander, Lena Brandt, Per Hall & Anders Ekbom (2005). "Parathyroid adenoma and primary CNS tumors". International journal of cancer. 113 (6): 866–869. doi:10.1002/ijc.20743. PMID 15515018. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. Seung-Kwon Myung, Woong Ju, Diana D. McDonnell, Yeon Ji Lee, Gene Kazinets, Chih-Tao Cheng & Joel M. Moskowitz (2009). "Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis". Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 27 (33): 5565–5572. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6366. PMID 19826127. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. M. P. Little, P. Rajaraman, R. E. Curtis, S. S. Devesa, P. D. Inskip, D. P. Check & M. S. Linet (2012). "Mobile phone use and glioma risk: comparison of epidemiological study results with incidence trends in the United States". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 344: e1147. doi:10.1136/bmj.e1147. PMID 22403263. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. Isabelle Deltour, Anssi Auvinen, Maria Feychting, Christoffer Johansen, Lars Klaeboe, Risto Sankila & Joachim Schuz (2012). "Mobile phone use and incidence of glioma in the Nordic countries 1979-2008: consistency check". Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 23 (2): 301–307. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182448295. PMID 22249239. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. Baan, Robert; Grosse, Yann; Lauby-Secretan, Béatrice; El Ghissassi, Fatiha; Bouvard, Véronique; Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Guha, Neela; Islami, Farhad; Galichet, Laurent; Straif, Kurt (2011). "Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields". The Lancet Oncology. 12 (7): 624–626. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70147-4. ISSN 1470-2045.
  13. "Acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study". Cancer Epidemiology. 35 (5): 453–464. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.012. ISSN 1877-7821.


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