Horseshoe kidney physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Physical examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually remarkable for [[abdominal distension]], [[palpable]] kidney, [[Costovertebral angle|costovertebral]] tenderness and palpable [[bladder]]. | Physical examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually remarkable for [[abdominal distension]], [[palpable]] kidney, [[Costovertebral angle|costovertebral]] tenderness and palpable [[bladder]].<ref name="SingerSimmons2008">{{cite journal|last1=Singer|first1=Amy|last2=Simmons|first2=Marc Z.|last3=Maldjian|first3=Pierre D.|title=Spectrum of congenital renal anomalies presenting in adulthood|journal=Clinical Imaging|volume=32|issue=3|year=2008|pages=183–191|issn=08997071|doi=10.1016/j.clinimag.2007.12.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid28613757">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirkpatrick JJ, Leslie SW |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=28613757 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with horseshoe kidney usually appear well | *Patients with horseshoe kidney usually appear well. | ||
===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
* High grade/low grade fever if infection is | * High grade/low grade fever if infection is presen. | ||
* [[Tachycardia]] with a regular pulse because of the fever which is due to infection. | * [[Tachycardia]] with a regular pulse because of the fever which is due to infection. | ||
* [[High blood pressure]] due to salt retention. | * [[High blood pressure]] due to salt retention. | ||
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===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
* Skin examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal. | * Skin examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal. | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
| Line 31: | Line 25: | ||
===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
* Neck examination of patients with | * Neck examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal. | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
* Pulmonary examination of patients with [ | * [[Pulmonary]] examination of patients with [[Hydronephrosis|horseshoe kidney]] usually normal. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
* Cardiovascular examination of patients with [ | * [[Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with [[Hydronephrosis|horseshoe kidney]] is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*[[Abdominal distention]]. | |||
*[[Abdominal tenderness|Abdominal tenderness.]] | |||
*[[Abdominal distention]] | *A lower mid-line palpable abdominal mass. | ||
*[[Abdominal tenderness | |||
*A palpable abdominal mass | |||
===Back=== | ===Back=== | ||
* | * [[Costovertebral angle|Costovertebral]] angle [[tenderness]] can be present due to renal stone, infection or [[hydronephrosis]]. | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
* | *[[Rectal]] examination should be performed in patients with [[hydronephrosis]] to assess: | ||
** [[Sphincter]] tone | |||
* | ** [[Prostate]] | ||
* | |||
* | |||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* Neuromuscular examination of patients with [ | * [[Neuromuscular]] examination of patients with [[Hydronephrosis|horseshoe kidney]] is usually normal. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* Extremities examination of patients with | * Extremities examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:34, 23 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Patients with horseshoe kidney usually appear well and in majority of cases horseshoe kidney is an incidental finding during radiological examination. Physical examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually remarkable for abdominal distension, palpable kidney, costovertebral tenderness and palpable bladder.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually remarkable for abdominal distension, palpable kidney, costovertebral tenderness and palpable bladder.[1][2]
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with horseshoe kidney usually appear well.
Vital Signs
- High grade/low grade fever if infection is presen.
- Tachycardia with a regular pulse because of the fever which is due to infection.
- High blood pressure due to salt retention.
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with horseshoe kidney usually unremarkable.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with horseshoe kidney usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention.
- Abdominal tenderness.
- A lower mid-line palpable abdominal mass.
Back
- Costovertebral angle tenderness can be present due to renal stone, infection or hydronephrosis.
Genitourinary
- Rectal examination should be performed in patients with hydronephrosis to assess:
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with horseshoe kidney is usually normal.