Carcinoid syndrome laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels. | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] include an elevated [[urinary]] [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) and [[Plasma (blood)|plasma]] levels of [[Chromogranin A]] (CgA) levels.[[N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide]] is a useful [[Biomarker (cell)|biomarker]] of [[carcinoid]] [[heart]] [[disease]]. | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
*Urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) are elevated and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | *[[Urinary]] [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) are elevated and [[Plasma (blood)|plasma]] levels of [[Chromogranin A]] (CgA) levels.<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | ||
*Testing for elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%. | *Testing for elevated [[urinary]] [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the [[sensitivity]] is reported to be as low as 35%. | ||
*Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of | *[[Plasma (blood)|Plasma levels]] of [[Chromogranin A]] (CgA) are very sensitive markers of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]], but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrinae tumors]] such as [[pancreatic]] and [[lung carcinoma|small cell lung carcinomas]]. | ||
*N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide : | *[[N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide]] : It is a useful biomarker of [[Carcinoid disease|carcinoid heart disease]] at a cutoff level of 260 pg/ml (31 pmol/l).<ref name="pmid24069222">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobson R, Burgess MI, Banks M, Pritchard DM, Vora J, Valle JW, Wong C, Chadwick C, George K, Keevil B, Adaway J, Ardill JE, Anthoney A, Hofmann U, Poston GJ, Cuthbertson DJ |title=The association of a panel of biomarkers with the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease: a cross-sectional study |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e73679 |date=2013 |pmid=24069222 |pmc=3771983 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0073679 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a screening tool for carcinoid heart disease | *N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a [[screening]] tool for [[Carcinoid|carcinoid heart disease i]]<nowiki/>n patients with [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]].<ref name="pmid18805126">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bhattacharyya S, Toumpanakis C, Caplin ME, Davar J |title=Usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of the presence of carcinoid heart disease |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=102 |issue=7 |pages=938–42 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18805126 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.047 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | *Other biochemical markers associated with [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] include:<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | ||
**[[Substance P]] | **[[Substance P]] | ||
**[[Neurotensin]] | **[[Neurotensin]] | ||
**[[Bradykinin]] | **[[Bradykinin]] | ||
**[[Human chorionic gonadotropin]] | **[[Human chorionic gonadotropin]] | ||
**Neuropeptide L | **[[Neuropeptide]] L | ||
**[[Pancreatic polypeptide]] | **[[Pancreatic polypeptide]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide is a useful biomarker of carcinoid heart disease.
Laboratory Findings
- Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are elevated and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.[1]
- Testing for elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%.
- Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinae tumors such as pancreatic and small cell lung carcinomas.
- N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide : It is a useful biomarker of carcinoid heart disease at a cutoff level of 260 pg/ml (31 pmol/l).[2]
- N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a screening tool for carcinoid heart disease in patients with carcinoid syndrome.[3]
- Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
- ↑ Dobson R, Burgess MI, Banks M, Pritchard DM, Vora J, Valle JW, Wong C, Chadwick C, George K, Keevil B, Adaway J, Ardill JE, Anthoney A, Hofmann U, Poston GJ, Cuthbertson DJ (2013). "The association of a panel of biomarkers with the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease: a cross-sectional study". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e73679. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073679. PMC 3771983. PMID 24069222.
- ↑ Bhattacharyya S, Toumpanakis C, Caplin ME, Davar J (October 2008). "Usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of the presence of carcinoid heart disease". Am. J. Cardiol. 102 (7): 938–42. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.047. PMID 18805126.