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{{Acute lymphoblastic leukemia}}
{{Acute lymphoblastic leukemia}}


{{CMG}} {{CLG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{CLG}}, {{kakbar}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Leukemia was first described in 1827 by [[Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau]], a french physician.
[[Leukemia]] was first described in 1827 by [[Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau]], a French [[physician]].


==Historical perspective==
==Historical perspective==
* The first published illustration of a case of leukemia in medical text dates to 1827, when a French physician named [[Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau]] described a 63-year-old florist who developed an sickness denoted by [[fever]], [[weakness]], [[nephrolithiasis|urinary stones]], and substantial [[hepatosplenomegaly|enlargement of the liver and spleen]]. Velpeau saw that the blood of this patient had a texture "like gruel", and thought that the blood appeared white due to the white corpuscles.<ref>
* The first published illustration of a case of leukemia in medical text dates to 1827, when a French physician named [[Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau]] described a 63-year-old florist who developed an sickness denoted by [[fever]], [[weakness]], [[nephrolithiasis|urinary stones]], and substantial [[hepatosplenomegaly|enlargement of the liver and spleen]]<ref name="Piller2001">{{cite journal|last1=Piller|first1=Gordon J.|title=Leukaemia - a brief historical review from ancient times to 1950|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=112|issue=2|year=2001|pages=282–292|issn=0007-1048|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02411.x}}</ref>
{{cite book |last = Hoffman |first = Ronald ''et al.'' |title= Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice |year= 2005 |publisher= Elsevier Churchill Livingstone |location= St. Louis, Mo. |edition = 4th. ed. |pages = p. 1071 |id= ISBN 0-443-06629-9}}</ref>  
 
*Velpeau saw that the blood of this patient had a texture that was "like gruel", and thought that the [[blood]] appeared white due to the [[White blood cells|white corpuscles]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Hoffman |first = Ronald ''et al.'' |title= Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice |year= 2005 |publisher= Elsevier Churchill Livingstone |location= St. Louis, Mo. |edition = 4th. ed. |pages = p. 1071 |id= ISBN 0-443-06629-9}}</ref>  


* In 1845, a series of patients who died with enlarged spleens and changes in the "colors and consistencies of their blood" was reported by the Edinburgh-based [[pathologist]] J.H. Bennett; he used the term "leucocythemia" to describe this pathological condition.<ref>Bennett JH. Two cases of hypertrophy of the spleen and liver, in which death took place from suppuration of blood. ''Edinburgh Med Surg J.'' (1845)64:413.</ref>
* In 1845, a number of patients who passed away with enlarged [[Spleen|spleens]] and changes in the "colors and consistencies of their blood" was publicized by the Edinburgh-based [[pathologist]] J.H. Bennett; he used the term "leucocythemia" to outline this [[pathological]] condition.<ref name="Piller2001">{{cite journal|last1=Piller|first1=Gordon J.|title=Leukaemia - a brief historical review from ancient times to 1950|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=112|issue=2|year=2001|pages=282–292|issn=0007-1048|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02411.x}}</ref><ref>Bennett JH. Two cases of hypertrophy of the spleen and liver, where death took place from suppuration of blood. ''Edinburgh Med Surg J.'' (1845)64:413.</ref>


* The term "leukemia" was coined by [[Rudolf Virchow]], the renowned German [[pathologist]], in 1856. As a pioneer in the use of the [[light microscope]] in pathology, Virchow was the first to describe the abnormal excess of white blood cells in patients with the clinical syndrome described by Velpeau and Bennett.  As Virchow was uncertain of the [[etiology|cause]] of the white blood cell excess, he used the purely descriptive term "leukemia" (Greek: "white blood") to refer to the condition.<ref>Virchow R: Die Leukämie. In Virchow R (ed): Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Frankfurt, Meidinger, 1856, p 190.</ref>
*The term "leukemia" was introduced by [[Rudolf Virchow]], the acclaimed German [[pathologist]], in 1856.


* [[Wilhelm Ebstein]] introduced the term ''"acute leukemia"'' in 1889 to differentiate rapidly progressive and fatal leukemias from the more indolent [[chronic leukemia]]s.<ref>Ebstein W. Ueber die acute Leukämie und Pseudoleukämie. ''Deutsch Arch Klin Med''. (1889)44:343.</ref>
*As a visionary in the use of the [[light microscope]] in pathology, Virchow was the first to talk about the abnormal overabundance of [[white blood cells]] in patients with the clinical syndrome reported by Velpeau and Bennett<ref name="Piller2001">{{cite journal|last1=Piller|first1=Gordon J.|title=Leukaemia - a brief historical review from ancient times to 1950|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=112|issue=2|year=2001|pages=282–292|issn=0007-1048|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02411.x}}</ref>
 
*As Virchow was not certain of the [[etiology|cause]] of the [[White blood cells|white blood cell]] excess, he used the exclusively depictive term "leukemia" (Greek: "white blood") to refer to the condition.<ref>Virchow R: Die Leukämie. In Virchow R (ed): Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Frankfurt, Meidinger, 1856, p 190.</ref>


* The technique of [[bone marrow examination]] to diagnose leukemia was first described in 1879 by Mosler.<ref>Mosler F. Klinische Symptome und Therapie der medullären Leukämie. ''Berl Klin Wochenschr''. (1876)13:702. </ref>  
* [[Wilhelm Ebstein]] coined the term ''"acute leukemia"'' in 1889 to decipher rapidly progressive and fatal leukemias from the more indolent [[chronic leukemia]]s.<ref>Ebstein W. Ueber die acute Leukämie und Pseudoleukämie. ''Deutsch Arch Klin Med''. (1889)44:343.</ref>


* Finally, in 1900 the [[lymphoblast]], which is the malignant cell in acute lymphoid leukemia, was characterized by Naegeli, who divided the leukemias into ''myeloid'' and ''lymphocytic''.<ref>Naegeli O. Über rothes Knochenmark und Myeloblasten. ''Deutsch Med Wochenschr''. (1900) 26:287.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Zhen-yi, Wang |title = Ham-Wasserman Lecture: Treatment of Acute Leukemia by Inducing Differentiation and Apoptosis | year=2003 | journal = Hematology | pmid = 14633774}}</ref>
* The technique of [[bone marrow examination]] to [[diagnose]] leukemia was first narrated in 1879 by Mosler.<ref>Mosler F. Klinische Symptome und Therapie der medullären Leukämie. ''Berl Klin Wochenschr''. (1876)13:702. </ref>
 
* Finally, in 1900 the [[lymphoblast]], which is the malignant cell in acute lymphoid leukemia, was described by Naegeli, who seperated the [[leukemias]] into ''[[myeloid]]'' and ''[[lymphocytic]]''.<ref>Naegeli O. Über rothes Knochenmark und Myeloblasten. ''Deutsch Med Wochenschr''. (1900) 26:287.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Zhen-yi, Wang |title = Ham-Wasserman Lecture: Treatment of Acute Leukemia by Inducing Differentiation and Apoptosis | year=2003 | journal = Hematology | pmid = 14633774}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:24, 8 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2], Kamal Akbar, M.D.[3]

Overview

Leukemia was first described in 1827 by Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau, a French physician.

Historical perspective

  • Velpeau saw that the blood of this patient had a texture that was "like gruel", and thought that the blood appeared white due to the white corpuscles.[2]
  • In 1845, a number of patients who passed away with enlarged spleens and changes in the "colors and consistencies of their blood" was publicized by the Edinburgh-based pathologist J.H. Bennett; he used the term "leucocythemia" to outline this pathological condition.[1][3]
  • As a visionary in the use of the light microscope in pathology, Virchow was the first to talk about the abnormal overabundance of white blood cells in patients with the clinical syndrome reported by Velpeau and Bennett[1]
  • As Virchow was not certain of the cause of the white blood cell excess, he used the exclusively depictive term "leukemia" (Greek: "white blood") to refer to the condition.[4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Piller, Gordon J. (2001). "Leukaemia - a brief historical review from ancient times to 1950". British Journal of Haematology. 112 (2): 282–292. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02411.x. ISSN 0007-1048.
  2. ↑ Hoffman, Ronald; et al. (2005). Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (4th. ed. ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. p. 1071. ISBN 0-443-06629-9.
  3. ↑ Bennett JH. Two cases of hypertrophy of the spleen and liver, where death took place from suppuration of blood. Edinburgh Med Surg J. (1845)64:413.
  4. ↑ Virchow R: Die Leukämie. In Virchow R (ed): Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Frankfurt, Meidinger, 1856, p 190.
  5. ↑ Ebstein W. Ueber die acute Leukämie und Pseudoleukämie. Deutsch Arch Klin Med. (1889)44:343.
  6. ↑ Mosler F. Klinische Symptome und Therapie der medullären Leukämie. Berl Klin Wochenschr. (1876)13:702.
  7. ↑ Naegeli O. Über rothes Knochenmark und Myeloblasten. Deutsch Med Wochenschr. (1900) 26:287.
  8. ↑ Zhen-yi, Wang (2003). "Ham-Wasserman Lecture: Treatment of Acute Leukemia by Inducing Differentiation and Apoptosis". Hematology. PMID 14633774.

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