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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}}


== tab ==
==new==
 
 
 
{| align="right"
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[[Image:Squamous cell mircopathology2.jpeg|x200px|thumb| Micropathology: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. H&E stain, By Nephron [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALung_squamous_carcinoma_--_high_mag.jpg Wikimedia Commons]]]
|}
{| align="right"
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[[Image:Bronchial cancer.jpeg|x200px|thumb|Gross pathology: Bronchial squamous lung cell cancer By John Hayman [Public domain], (Image source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACa_bronchus.jpg Wikimedia Commons])]]
|}


{|
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
 
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
 
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
# [[Superior vena cava obstruction]]
! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
# [[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Colonoscopy with Biopsy'''
# [[Esophageal achalasia]]
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PSA
# [[Esophageal cancer]]
|-
# [[Esophageal rupture]]
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
# [[Hiatus hernia]]
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
# [[Hilar lymphadenopathy]]
|-
# [[Pneumomediastinum]]
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
# [[Sarcoidosis]]
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
# [[Lymphoma]]
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
# [[Neurilemmoma]]
|-
# [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Frequency of bowel movement
# [[Teratoma]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Blood in stool
# [[Thymoma]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abdominal pain
 
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 1
# [[Thyroid cancer]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 2
# [[Goitre]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam 3
# [[Mediastinal germ cell tumor]],
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC
# [[Mediastinal tumor]],
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Stool test
# [[Mediastinitis]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |
 
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Colonoscopy
# [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CT scan
# [[Bronchogenic cyst]],
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Barium enema
# [[Dermoid cyst]]
|-
# [[Anthrax]]:  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |AVM<ref name="pmid28139503">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee HH, Kwon HM, Gil S, Kim YS, Cho M, Seo KJ, Chae HS, Cho YS |title=Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review |journal=Saudi J Gastroenterol |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=67–70 |date=2017 |pmid=28139503 |pmc=5329980 |doi=10.4103/1319-3767.199111 |url=}}</ref>
# [[Tularemia]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 
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[[File:Mediastinal lymohangioma GIF.gif|x200px|thumb| CT scan shows cystic mass which was located on the posterior to the lower esophagus later diagnosed as thoracic duct lymphangioma. [https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2014.47.4.423 Source:Case courtesy of Jin San Bok et al, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital]]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
[[File:Posterior-mediastinal-schwannoma.gif|x200px|thumb| CT scan showing a soft tissue density lesion within the left posterior mediastinum, in a paravertebral location. The lesion is closely related to the left neural exit foramen, but there is no definite extension into the spinal canal. The lesion does extend into the intercostal space.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
Case courtesy of Dr Paul Leong
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(Picture courtesy:[https://radiopaedia.org/cases/26625 Radiopedia])]]
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__NOTOC__
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{{SI}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Trusha}}, {{AM}}
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Diverticulitis<ref name="pmid16187597">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shen SH, Chen JD, Tiu CM, Chou YH, Chiang JH, Chang CY, Lee CH |title=Differentiating colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer: the value of computed tomography in the emergency setting |journal=J Chin Med Assoc |volume=68 |issue=9 |pages=411–8 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16187597 |doi=10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70156-X |url=}}</ref>
{{SK}} Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum
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==Overview==
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
The [[mediastinum]] is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. Since it is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, and it contains a lot of important structures, it is the site of involvement of various tumors.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 
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==Causes==
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==Initial Evaluation==
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{{familytree/start}}
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{{Family tree |border=2|boxstyle=background: WhiteSmoke;| | | | | A01 | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 25em; padding: 1em;">'''Mediastinal Mass'''</div>}}
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{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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{{familytree | | | | | B01 | | | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; line-height: 150%; padding: 1em; "> '''Workups'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
----
|-
❑ CT chest with contrast <br> ❑ Serum beta-HCG, AFP, if appropriate <br> ❑ CBC, platelets <br> ❑ PET-CT scan (optional) <br> ❑ Pulmonary function tests if clinically indicated <br> ❑ MRI chest if clinically indicated
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Colorectal Lymphoma
</div>}}
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{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }}
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
{{familytree | C01 | | | | | | C02 | | | |C01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em;"> '''Thymic Tumor Likely''' </div> |C02= <div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em;">  '''Thymic Tumor Unlikely''' </div>}}
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
 
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
{{familytree | D01 | | | | | | D02 | | | |D01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em; text-size: 85%;">Consider [[Thymoma surgery|surgery]]</div>|D02=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em; text-size: 85%;">Disease-specific management</div>}}
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{{familytree/start}}
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|-
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|-
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
!Diseases
!Symptom 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Symptom 2
!Symptom 3
!Physical exam 1
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
!Physical exam 3
!Lab 1
!Lab 2
!Lab 3
!Imaging 1
!Imaging 2
!Imaging 3
!Histopathology
|'''Gold standard'''
!Additional findings
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Crohn's disease
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Ulcerative colitis
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|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Irritable bowel syndrome
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|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 20:48, 4 March 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]

new

Micropathology: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. H&E stain, By Nephron Wikimedia Commons
Gross pathology: Bronchial squamous lung cell cancer By John Hayman [Public domain], (Image source: Wikimedia Commons)
  1. Superior vena cava obstruction
  2. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
  3. Esophageal achalasia
  4. Esophageal cancer
  5. Esophageal rupture
  6. Hiatus hernia
  7. Hilar lymphadenopathy
  8. Pneumomediastinum
  9. Sarcoidosis
  10. Lymphoma
  11. Neurilemmoma
  12. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  13. Teratoma
  14. Thymoma
  1. Thyroid cancer
  2. Goitre
  3. Mediastinal germ cell tumor,
  4. Mediastinal tumor,
  5. Mediastinitis
  1. Churg-Strauss syndrome
  2. Bronchogenic cyst,
  3. Dermoid cyst
  4. Anthrax:
  5. Tularemia
CT scan shows cystic mass which was located on the posterior to the lower esophagus later diagnosed as thoracic duct lymphangioma. Source:Case courtesy of Jin San Bok et al, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital


CT scan showing a soft tissue density lesion within the left posterior mediastinum, in a paravertebral location. The lesion is closely related to the left neural exit foramen, but there is no definite extension into the spinal canal. The lesion does extend into the intercostal space. Case courtesy of Dr Paul Leong (Picture courtesy:Radiopedia)



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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[4], Amr Marawan, M.D. [5]

Synonyms and keywords: Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum

Overview

The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. Since it is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, and it contains a lot of important structures, it is the site of involvement of various tumors.

Causes

Initial Evaluation

 
 
 
 
Mediastinal Mass
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Workups

❑ CT chest with contrast
❑ Serum beta-HCG, AFP, if appropriate
❑ CBC, platelets
❑ PET-CT scan (optional)
❑ Pulmonary function tests if clinically indicated
❑ MRI chest if clinically indicated

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thymic Tumor Likely
 
 
 
 
 
Thymic Tumor Unlikely
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consider surgery
 
 
 
 
 
Disease-specific management
 
 
 

References

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