Lung mass differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lung_mass]] | |||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MV}}, {{EG}} | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MV}}, {{EG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Lung mass | Lung mass can be differentiated from other conditions that cause [[chronic cough]], [[hemoptysis]], and [[weight loss]] based on the clinical features, [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings, [[imaging]] features, [[Histology|histological]] features, and [[genetic]] studies. | ||
== | ==Differentiating Lung Mass from other Diseases== | ||
*The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate lung | *The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate lung mass based on the clinical features, [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings, [[imaging]] features, [[Histology|histological]] features, and [[genetic]] studies.<ref name="pmid10682770">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erasmus JJ, Connolly JE, McAdams HP, Roggli VL |title=Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part I. Morphologic evaluation for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions |journal=Radiographics |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=43–58 |date=2000 |pmid=10682770 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.20.1.g00ja0343 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23077446">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gümüştaş S, Inan N, Akansel G, Ciftçi E, Demirci A, Ozkara SK |title=Differentiation of malignant and benign lung lesions with diffusion-weighted MR imaging |journal=Radiol Oncol |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=106–13 |date=June 2012 |pmid=23077446 |pmc=3472932 |doi=10.2478/v10019-012-0021-3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7863581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelley LC, Puette M, Langheinrich KA, King B |title=Bovine pulmonary blastomas: histomorphologic description and immunohistochemistry |journal=Vet. Pathol. |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=658–62 |date=November 1994 |pmid=7863581 |doi=10.1177/030098589403100605 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''''Abrevations''''': HPV: human papillomavirus; CEA: Carcino embryogenic antigen; TTF1: Thyroid transcription factor-1; EMA: Epithelial membrane antigen; CK: | *'''''Abrevations''''': [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]]: [[human papillomavirus]]; [[CEA]]: [[CEA|Carcino embryogenic antigen]]; [[TTF1 (gene)|TTF1]]: [[Thyroid transcription factor-1]]; EMA: Epithelial membrane antigen; [[Cytokeratin|CK]]: [[Cytokeratin]]; CD: Cluster differentiation; [[Neural cell adhesion molecule|NCAM]]: [[Neural cell adhesion molecule]]; [[Matrix metalloproteinase|MMPs]]: [[Matrix metalloproteinase]]; [[Glial fibrillary acidic protein|GFAP]]: [[Glial fibrillary acidic protein]] | ||
{| | {| | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
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! rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Papilloma]]<ref name="pmid3969658">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maxwell RJ, Gibbons JR, O'Hara MD |title=Solitary squamous papilloma of the bronchus |journal=Thorax |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=68–71 |date=January 1985 |pmid=3969658 |pmc=459982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ! rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Papilloma]]<ref name="pmid3969658">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maxwell RJ, Gibbons JR, O'Hara MD |title=Solitary squamous papilloma of the bronchus |journal=Thorax |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=68–71 |date=January 1985 |pmid=3969658 |pmc=459982 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Squamous cell papilloma]] | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Squamous cell papilloma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Human papillomavirus|HPV 6]] and [[Human papillomavirus|HPV 11]] | * [[Human papillomavirus|HPV 6]] and [[Human papillomavirus|HPV 11]] | ||
* | * [[Male]] predominace | ||
* Median age of diagnosis is 54 years | * [[Median]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 54 years | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Epithelial cells]] | * [[Epithelial cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Endobronchial | * Endobronchial | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Cauliflower-like lesions | * Cauliflower-like [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* Tan-white soft to semifirm | * Tan-white soft to semifirm protrusions | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Loose fibrovascular core | * Loose fibrovascular core | ||
* Stratified squamous epithelium | * [[Stratified squamous epithelium]] | ||
* Acanthosis | * Acanthosis | ||
* Binucleate forms and perinuclear halos | * [[Cell nucleus|Binucleate]] forms and [[Cell nucleus|perinuclear]] halos | ||
* [[Koilocytosis]] | * [[Koilocytosis]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Homogenous | * [[Homogeneity|Homogenous]] | ||
* Non-calcified | * Non-[[Calcification|calcified]] | ||
* Solitary mass | * [[Solitary]] mass | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Glandular papilloma | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Glandular [[papilloma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Rare | * Rare | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 68 years | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 68 years | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Goblet cells]] of [[respiratory epithelium]] | * [[Goblet cells]] of [[respiratory epithelium]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Endobronchial | * Endobronchial | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* White to tan endobronchial [[Polyp|polyps]] that measure from 0.7-1.5 cm | * White to tan endobronchial [[Polyp|polyps]] that measure from 0.7-1.5 cm | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Thick arborizing stromal stalks | * Thick arborizing [[stromal]] stalks | ||
* Thin-walled [[blood vessels]] | * Thin-walled [[blood vessels]] | ||
* Non-ciliated or ciliated [[epithelium]] | * Non-[[Cilium|ciliated]] or [[Cilium|ciliated]] [[epithelium]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Homogenous | * [[Homogeneity|Homogenous]] | ||
* Non-calcified | * Non-[[Calcification|calcified]] | ||
* Solitary mass | * [[Solitary]] mass | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Adenoma<ref name="pmid9817965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shiota Y, Matsumoto H, Sasaki N, Taniyama K, Hashimoto S, Sueishi K |title=Solitary bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung |journal=Respiration |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=483–5 |date=1998 |pmid=9817965 |doi=10.1159/000029319 |url=}}</ref> | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Adenoma<ref name="pmid9817965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shiota Y, Matsumoto H, Sasaki N, Taniyama K, Hashimoto S, Sueishi K |title=Solitary bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung |journal=Respiration |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=483–5 |date=1998 |pmid=9817965 |doi=10.1159/000029319 |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Alveolar adenoma | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Alveolus|Alveolar]] [[adenoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 53 years | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 53 years | ||
* Female predominance | * [[Female]] predominance | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Alveolar [[pneumocytes]] | * [[Alveolar]] [[pneumocytes]] | ||
* Septal [[mesenchyme]] | * [[Septum|Septal]] [[mesenchyme]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* All lung lobes | * All [[lung]] [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobes]] | ||
* Lower lobes | * Lower [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobes]] | ||
* Hilar | * [[Hilum|Hilar]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* 0.7-6.0 cm | * 0.7 - 6.0 cm | ||
* Well demarcated smooth | * Well demarcated smooth | ||
* Lobulated, multicystic | * [[Lobule|Lobulated]], [[Cystic|multicystic]] | ||
* Soft to firm | * Soft to firm | ||
* Pale yellow to tan cut surfaces | * Pale yellow to tan cut surfaces | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Non-encapsulated | * Non-encapsulated | ||
* Multicystic masses | * [[Cystic|Multicystic]] masses | ||
* [[Cuboidal cells|Cuboidal cell]] linning | * [[Cuboidal cells|Cuboidal cell]] linning | ||
* Squamous metaplasia | * [[Squamous]] [[metaplasia]] | ||
* Myxoid and [[Collagen|collagenous]] interstitium | * Myxoid and [[Collagen|collagenous]] [[interstitium]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
* Surfactant protein | * [[Surfactant]] protein | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
* [[Actin]] | * [[Actin]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Homogenous | * [[Homogeneity|Homogenous]] | ||
* Non-calcified | * Non-[[Calcification|calcified]] | ||
* Solitary mass | * [[Solitary]] mass | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Papillary adenoma<ref name="pmid28409070">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kanchustambham V, Saladi S, Patolia S, Mahmoud Assaf S, Stoeckel D |title=A Rare Case of a Benign Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lung |journal=Cureus |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=e1069 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28409070 |pmc=5375953 |doi=10.7759/cureus.1069 |url=}}</ref> | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Papillary adenoma<ref name="pmid28409070">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kanchustambham V, Saladi S, Patolia S, Mahmoud Assaf S, Stoeckel D |title=A Rare Case of a Benign Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lung |journal=Cureus |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=e1069 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28409070 |pmc=5375953 |doi=10.7759/cureus.1069 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 32 years | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 32 years | ||
* Male predominance | * [[Male]] predominance | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Bronchioloalveolar cell | * Bronchioloalveolar cell | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* No lobar predilection | * No [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobar]] predilection | ||
* Involves alveolar parenchyma | * Involves [[Alveolar|alveolar parenchyma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well defined | * Well defined | ||
* Encapsulated | * Encapsulated | ||
* Soft, spongy to firm mass | * Soft, spongy to firm mass | ||
* Granular gray white/ brown | * [[Granule (cell biology)|Granular]] gray white/ brown | ||
* 1.0- 4.0 cm | * 1.0- 4.0 cm | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] | * [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] | ||
* [[Papillary]] growth pattern | * [[Papillary]] growth pattern | ||
* Fibrovascular cores | * Fibrovascular cores | ||
* [[Cuboidal epithelia|Cuboidal]] to [[Columnar epithelia|columnar epithelial]] linning | * [[Cuboidal epithelia|Cuboidal]] to [[Columnar epithelia|columnar epithelial]] linning | ||
* | * [[Cilium|Ciliated]] and [[Oxyphil cell|oxyphilic cells]] | ||
* Occasional [[eosinophilic]] intranuclear inclusions | * Occasional [[eosinophilic]] [[Nuclear|intranuclear]] inclusions | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Cytokeratin]] | * [[Cytokeratin]] | ||
* [[Clara cell secretory protein|Clara cell protein]] | * [[Clara cell secretory protein|Clara cell protein]] | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
* Surfactant apoprotein | * [[Surfactant|Surfactant apoprotein]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Incidental finding | * Incidental finding | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Mucinous cystadenoma | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Mucinous cystadenoma | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* No sex predilection | * No sex predilection | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 52 years | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 52 years | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mucus glands of the [[bronchus]] | * [[Mucus]] [[Gland|glands]] of the [[bronchus]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Central | * Central | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* White-pink to tan | * White-pink to tan | ||
* Smooth and shiny tumors | * Smooth and shiny tumors | ||
* Gelatinous mucoid solid core | * Gelatinous mucoid solid core | ||
* 0.7-7.5 cm | * 0.7 - 7.5 cm | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Numerous [[mucin]]-filled cystic spaces | * Numerous [[mucin]]-filled [[Cyst|cystic]] spaces | ||
* Non-dilated microacini, glands, tubules and papillae | * Non-dilated microacini, [[Gland|glands]], [[Tubule|tubules]] and [[Papilla|papillae]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* EMA | * EMA | ||
* [[Cytokeratin|Cytokeratins]] | * [[Cytokeratin|Cytokeratins]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Coin lesion | * Coin [[lesion]] | ||
* Air-meniscus sign | * Air-meniscus sign | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 187: | Line 186: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)]]<ref name="pmid5528918">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roth E, Smidt D |title=[Studies on early ejaculate collection using electroejaculation in German improved land-swines and Goettinger miniature pigs] |language=German |journal=Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=7–11 |date=January 1970 |pmid=5528918 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Papillary | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Papillary]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Cigarette | * [[Smoking|Cigarette smoking]] | ||
* [[Arsenic]] | * [[Arsenic]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Epithelial cells | * [[Epithelium|Epithelial cells]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Central | * Central | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* White or grey lesions | * White or grey [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* Focal carbon pigment deposits | * Focal carbon pigment deposits | ||
* [[Cavitation|Cavitations]] | * [[Cavitation|Cavitations]] | ||
* Intraluminal polypoid masses | * [[Lumen (anatomy)|Intraluminal]] polypoid masses | ||
* [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] | * [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Exophytic | * Exophytic | ||
* Intra-epithelial | * Intra-[[Epithelium|epithelial]] | ||
* Without invasion | * Without [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* [[Cytokeratin|Cytokeratins]] | * [[Cytokeratin|Cytokeratins]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
* [[Thyroid transcription factor-1]] ([[TTF-1]]) | * [[Thyroid transcription factor-1]] ([[TTF-1]]) | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Lobar or entire lung collapse | * [[Lobe (anatomy)|Lobar]] or entire [[lung]] collapse | ||
* Shift of the [[mediastinum]] to the ipsilateral side | * Shift of the [[mediastinum]] to the [[Anatomical terms of location|ipsilateral]] side | ||
* Hilar, perihilar or [[Mediastinal mass|mediastinal masses]] | * [[Hilum|Hilar]], perihilar or [[Mediastinal mass|mediastinal masses]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Breast]] | * [[Breast]] | ||
* [[Bone]] | * [[Bone]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Clear cell]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Cells with clear [[cytoplasm]] | * [[Cell (biology)|Cells]] with clear [[cytoplasm]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung|Basaloid]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral palisading of nuclei | * Peripheral palisading of [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] | ||
* Poor differentiation | * Poor differentiation | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Small cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid16226617">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackman DM, Johnson BE |title=Small-cell lung cancer |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9494 |pages=1385–96 |date=2005 |pmid=16226617 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67569-1 |url=}}</ref> | ! colspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Small cell lung cancer|Small cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid16226617">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackman DM, Johnson BE |title=Small-cell lung cancer |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9494 |pages=1385–96 |date=2005 |pmid=16226617 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67569-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Smoking]] | * [[Smoking]] | ||
* [[Radon]] exposure | * [[Radon]] exposure | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Bronchial precursor cell | * [[Bronchial]] precursor [[Cell (biology)|cell]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral | * Peripheral | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* White-tan, soft, friable perihilar masses | * White-tan, soft, friable perihilar masses | ||
* Extensive necrosis | * Extensive [[necrosis]] | ||
* 5% peripheral coin lesions | * 5% peripheral coin [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Sheet-like growth | * Sheet-like growth | ||
* Nesting | * Nesting | ||
* Trabeculae | * [[Trabecula|Trabeculae]] | ||
* Peripheral palisading | * Peripheral palisading | ||
* Rosette formation | * Rosette formation | ||
* High mitotic rate | * High [[Mitosis|mitotic]] rate | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[CD56]] | * [[CD56]] | ||
* [[Chromogranin]] | * [[Chromogranin]] | ||
* [[Synaptophysin]] | * [[Synaptophysin]] | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Hilar or perihilar masses | * [[Hilum|Hilar]] or perihilar masses | ||
* [[Mediastinal lymphadenopathy]] | * [[Mediastinal lymphadenopathy]] | ||
* Lobar collapse | * [[Lobe (anatomy)|Lobar]] collapse | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Bone marrow | * [[Bone marrow]] | ||
* Liver | * [[Liver]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
!Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
!Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
!Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
!Location | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Location | ||
!Gross pathology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Gross pathology | ||
!Histology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Histology | ||
!Immunohistochemistry | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Immunohistochemistry | ||
!Imaging | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Imaging | ||
!Metastasis | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Metastasis | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="10" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Adenocarcinoma]]'''<ref name="Kumar-adenocarcinoma">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 13, box on morphology of adenocarcinoma |author=Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson |title=Robbins Basic Pathology|publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=1-4160-2973-7 |edition=8th}}</ref><ref name="pmid17625570">{{cite journal| author=Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S et al.| title=Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal=Nature | year= 2007 | volume= 448 | issue= 7153 | pages= 561-6 | pmid=17625570 | doi=10.1038/nature05945 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17625570 }}</ref><ref>Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Adenocarcinoma_%283950819000%29.jpg</ref> | ! rowspan="10" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Adenocarcinoma]]'''<ref name="Kumar-adenocarcinoma">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 13, box on morphology of adenocarcinoma |author=Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson |title=Robbins Basic Pathology|publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=1-4160-2973-7 |edition=8th}}</ref><ref name="pmid17625570">{{cite journal| author=Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S et al.| title=Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal=Nature | year= 2007 | volume= 448 | issue= 7153 | pages= 561-6 | pmid=17625570 | doi=10.1038/nature05945 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17625570 }}</ref><ref>Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Adenocarcinoma_%283950819000%29.jpg</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''Acinar adenocarcinoma''' | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]''' | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Smoking]] | * [[Smoking]] | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Columnar cells of bronchioles | * [[Columnar epithelia|Columnar cells]] of [[Bronchiole|bronchioles]] | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral | * Peripheral | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Single or multiple lesions | * Single or multiple [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* Different in size | * Different in size | ||
* Peripheral distribution | * Peripheral distribution | ||
* Gray-white central fibrosis | * Gray-white central [[fibrosis]] | ||
* [[Pleural]] puckering | * [[Pleural]] puckering | ||
* Anthracotic pigmentation | * Anthracotic pigmentation | ||
Line 292: | Line 291: | ||
** [[Cavitation]] | ** [[Cavitation]] | ||
** [[Hemorrhage]] | ** [[Hemorrhage]] | ||
* Lobulated or ill defined edges | * [[Lobule|Lobulated]] or ill-defined edges | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Irregular-shaped glands | * Irregular-shaped [[Gland|glands]] | ||
* [[Malignant]] cells: | * [[Malignant]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]]: | ||
** Hyperchromatic nuclei | ** [[Hyperchromicity|Hyperchromatic]] [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] | ||
** Fibroblastic stroma | ** [[Fibroblastic]] [[stroma]] | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Epithelial markers | * [[Epithelial|Epithelial markers]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
* [[Cytokeratin|CK7]] | * [[Cytokeratin|CK7]] | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
| rowspan="10" | | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral nodules under 4 | * Peripheral [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] under 4 cm in size | ||
* Central location as a hilar or perihilar mass | * Central location as a [[Hilum|hilar]] or perihilar mass | ||
* Rarely show cavitations | * Rarely show cavitations | ||
* Hilar adenopathy | * [[Hilar lymphadenopathy|Hilar adenopathy]] | ||
* Adenocarcinomas account for the majority of small peripheral cancers identified radiologically | * [[Adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinomas]] account for the majority of small peripheral [[Cancer|cancers]] identified [[Radiology|radiologically]] | ||
| rowspan="10" |Aerogenous spread is characteristic | | rowspan="10" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Aerogenous spread is characteristic | ||
* Brain | * [[Brain]] | ||
* Bone | * [[Bone]] | ||
* Adrenal glands | * [[Adrenal gland|Adrenal glands]] | ||
* Liver | * [[Liver]] | ||
* Kidney | * [[Kidney]] | ||
* Gastrointestinal | * [[Gastrointestinal tract]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Papillary adenocarcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Papillae]] | * [[Papillae]] | ||
* [[Necrosis]] | * [[Necrosis]] | ||
* Surrounding invasion | * Surrounding [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] | ||
* [[Cuboidal epithelia|Cuboidal]] to [[Columnar epithelia|columnar epithelial]] linning | * [[Cuboidal epithelia|Cuboidal]] to [[Columnar epithelia|columnar epithelial]] linning | ||
* [[Mucinous]] or non-mucinous | * [[Mucinous]] or non-mucinous | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Bronchoalveolar carcinoma]] | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Non-[[mucinous]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Clara cell|Clara cells]] | * [[Clara cell|Clara cells]] | ||
* [[Pneumocytes|Type II cells]] | * [[Pneumocytes|Type II cells]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mucinous]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Low grade differentiation | * Low grade differentiation | ||
* Composed of: | * Composed of: | ||
** Tall [[Columnar epithelia|columnar cells]] | ** Tall [[Columnar epithelia|columnar cells]] | ||
** Basal nuclei | ** Basal [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] | ||
** Pale cytoplasm resembling goblet cells | ** Pale [[cytoplasm]] resembling [[Goblet cell|goblet cells]] | ||
** Varying amounts of cytoplasmic mucin | ** Varying amounts of [[Cytoplasm|cytoplasmic]] [[mucin]] | ||
* Cytologic atypia | * [[Cytological|Cytologic]] [[atypia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Mixed non-[[mucinous]] and [[mucinous]] or indeterminate | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mixed type of cells | * Mixed type of [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
* Low to high grade differentiated cells | * Low to high grade differentiated [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Solid [[adenocarcinoma]] with [[mucin]] production | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung|Fetal adenocarcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Consists glandular elements: | * Consists [[Gland|glandular]] elements: | ||
** Tubules of [[glycogen]]-rich | ** [[Tubule|Tubules]] of [[glycogen]]-rich | ||
** Non-ciliated cells | ** Non-[[Cilium|ciliated]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
** Subnuclear and supranuclear [[glycogen]] [[vacuoles]] | ** [[Nuclear|Subnuclear]] and [[Nuclear|supranuclear]] [[glycogen]] [[vacuoles]] | ||
** Rounded morules of polygonal cells with abundant [[eosinophilic]] and finely granular [[cytoplasm]] | ** Rounded morules of polygonal [[Cell (biology)|cells]] with abundant [[eosinophilic]] and finely [[Granule (cell biology)|granular]] [[cytoplasm]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Dissecting pools of [[mucin]] containing [[neoplastic]] cells | * Dissecting pools of [[mucin]] containing [[neoplastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Partial [[fibrous tissue]] capsule | * Partial [[fibrous tissue]] capsule | ||
* Central [[cystic]] change with [[mucin]] pooling | * Central [[cystic]] change with [[mucin]] pooling | ||
* [[Neoplastic]] [[mucinous]] [[epithelium]] grows along alveolar walls | * [[Neoplastic]] [[mucinous]] [[epithelium]] grows along [[Alveolus|alveolar]] walls | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Signet ring cell carcinoma|Signet ring adenocarcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Focal | * Focal | ||
* Cells with nuclei displaced to sides | * [[Cell (biology)|Cells]] with [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] displaced to sides | ||
* Components of other cells are present | * Components of other [[Cell (biology)|cells]] are present | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung|Clear cell adenocarcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Clear cells with no nuclei | * Clear [[Cell (biology)|cells]] with no [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
Line 389: | Line 388: | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid24221342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi G, Mengoli MC, Cavazza A, Nicoli D, Barbareschi M, Cantaloni C, Papotti M, Tironi A, Graziano P, Paci M, Stefani A, Migaldi M, Sartori G, Pelosi G |title=Large cell carcinoma of the lung: clinically oriented classification integrating immunohistochemistry and molecular biology |journal=Virchows Arch. |volume=464 |issue=1 |pages=61–8 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24221342 |doi=10.1007/s00428-013-1501-6 |url=}}</ref> | ! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid24221342">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi G, Mengoli MC, Cavazza A, Nicoli D, Barbareschi M, Cantaloni C, Papotti M, Tironi A, Graziano P, Paci M, Stefani A, Migaldi M, Sartori G, Pelosi G |title=Large cell carcinoma of the lung: clinically oriented classification integrating immunohistochemistry and molecular biology |journal=Virchows Arch. |volume=464 |issue=1 |pages=61–8 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24221342 |doi=10.1007/s00428-013-1501-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Approximately 10% of lung cancers | * Approximately 10% of [[Lung cancer|lung cancers]] | ||
* [[Smoking]] | * [[Smoking]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Neuroendocrine cells|Neuro endocrine cells]] | * [[Neuroendocrine cells|Neuro endocrine cells]] | ||
* Suprabasal bronchial cells | * Suprabasal [[bronchial]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral masses | * Peripheral masses | ||
* [[Bronchi]] | * [[Bronchi]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Soft, pink-tan tumor | * Soft, pink-tan [[tumor]] | ||
* [[Necrosis]] and occasional [[hemorrhage]] | * [[Necrosis]] and occasional [[hemorrhage]] | ||
* [[Cavitation|Cavitations]] | * [[Cavitation|Cavitations]] | ||
* Exophytic bronchial growth | * Exophytic [[bronchial]] growth | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
*Invasive growth pattern | *[[Invasive (medical)|Invasive]] growth pattern | ||
*Peripheral palisading | *Peripheral palisading | ||
*Small, monomorphic, cuboidal fusiform | *Small, monomorphic, cuboidal fusiform | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
*[[Chromogranin]] | *[[Chromogranin]] | ||
*[[Synaptophysin]] | *[[Synaptophysin]] | ||
*[[CD56]] | *[[CD56]] | ||
*[[Cytokeratin]] | *[[Cytokeratin]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Large, peripheral masses | * Large, peripheral masses | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pleura]] | * [[Pleura]] | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Bone]] | * [[Bone]] | ||
* [[Brain]] | * [[Brain]] | ||
* Abdominal [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] | * [[Abdomen|Abdominal]] [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] | ||
* [[Pericardium]] | * [[Pericardium]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Clear cell carcinoma of the lung]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Clear cell|Clear cells]] | * [[Clear cell|Clear cells]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Syncytial growth pattern | * [[Syncytium|Syncytial]] growth pattern | ||
* [[Eosinophilic]] nucleoli | * [[Eosinophilic]] [[Nucleolus|nucleoli]] | ||
* [[Lymphocyte|Lymphocytic]] infiltration | * [[Lymphocyte|Lymphocytic]] infiltration | ||
* Invasive | * [[Invasive (medical)|Invasive]] | ||
* [[Amyloid]] deposition | * [[Amyloid]] deposition | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Eosinophilic]] [[cytoplasmic]] globules | * [[Eosinophilic]] [[cytoplasmic]] globules | ||
* Small foci of [[adenocarcinoma]] | * Small foci of [[adenocarcinoma]] | ||
* [[Eosinophilic]] inclusions | * [[Eosinophilic]] inclusions | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Mixed type | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mixture of: | * Mixture of: | ||
** [[Adenocarcinoma]] | ** [[Adenocarcinoma]] | ||
** [[Squamous cell carcinoma]] | ** [[Squamous cell carcinoma]] | ||
** Giant cell carcinoma | ** [[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung|Giant cell carcinoma]] | ||
** Spindle cell carcinoma | ** [[Spindle cell carcinoma of the lung|Spindle cell carcinoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
Line 463: | Line 461: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''Sarcomatoid carcinoma'''<ref name="pmid24088577">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang SY, Shen SJ, Li XY |title=Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and prognostic analysis of 51 cases |journal=World J Surg Oncol |volume=11 |issue= |pages=252 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24088577 |pmc=3850921 |doi=10.1186/1477-7819-11-252 |url=}}</ref> | ! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid24088577">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang SY, Shen SJ, Li XY |title=Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and prognostic analysis of 51 cases |journal=World J Surg Oncol |volume=11 |issue= |pages=252 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24088577 |pmc=3850921 |doi=10.1186/1477-7819-11-252 |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Carcinosarcoma of the lung|Carcinosarcoma]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Accounts for only 0.3-1.3% of all lung malignancies | * Accounts for only 0.3 - 1.3% of all [[Lung cancer|lung malignancies]] | ||
* Mean age at diagnosis is 60 years | * [[Mean]] age at [[diagnosis]] is 60 years | ||
* | * [[smoking|Tobacco smoking]] | ||
* [[Asbestos|Asbestos exposure]] | * [[Asbestos|Asbestos exposure]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Undifferentiated [[epithelial cells]] | * Undifferentiated [[epithelial cells]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Central or peripheral | * Central or peripheral | ||
* Upper lobes | * Upper [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobes]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* > 5 cm | * > 5 cm | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Grey, yellow or tan creamy, gritty, | * Grey, yellow or tan creamy, gritty, mucoid and/or [[hemorrhagic]] with significant [[necrosis]] | ||
* [[Sessile]] or [[pedunculated]] | * [[Sessile]] or [[pedunculated]] | ||
* Infiltrative | * Infiltrative | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Biphasic | * Biphasic | ||
* Mixture of [[carcinomatous]] and sarcomatous cells | * Mixture of [[carcinomatous]] and sarcomatous [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* [[S-100]] | * [[S-100]] | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* No specific imaging features | * No specific [[imaging]] features | ||
| rowspan="5" | | | rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Aggressive tumor | * Aggressive [[tumor]] | ||
* [[Esophagus]], [[jejunum]], and [[rectum]] | * [[Esophagus]], [[jejunum]], and [[rectum]] | ||
* [[Kidney]] | * [[Kidney]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Spindle cell carcinoma of the lung|Spindle cell carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Only spindle shaped tumor cells | * Only spindle shaped [[Tumor cell|tumor cells]] | ||
* Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates | * Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* EMA | * EMA | ||
Line 507: | Line 504: | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung|Giant cell carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Multi- and/or mononucleated tumor [[giant cells]] | * Multi- and/or [[Mononuclear cells|mononucleated]] [[tumor]] [[giant cells]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung|Pleomorphic carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Poorly differentiated | * Poorly differentiated | ||
* Mixture of [[spindle cells]] and/or [[giant cells]] | * Mixture of [[spindle cells]] and/or [[giant cells]] | ||
* Fibrous or myxoid [[stroma]] | * Fibrous or myxoid [[stroma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Pulmonary blastoma of the lung|Pulmonary blastoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Biphasic | * Biphasic | ||
* Mixture of [[Epithelium|epithelial]] and | * Mixture of [[Epithelium|epithelial]] and [[mesenchymal]] [[Stromal cell|stroma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* EMA | * EMA | ||
Line 527: | Line 524: | ||
* [[Chromogranin A]] | * [[Chromogranin A]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
Line 540: | Line 537: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Carcinoid tumor]]<ref name="pmid19212636">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dahabreh J, Stathopoulos GP, Koutantos J, Rigatos S |title=Lung carcinoid tumor biology: treatment and survival |journal=Oncol. Rep. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=757–60 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19212636 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Carcinoid|Typical carcinoid]] | ||
[[Carcinoid|Atypical carcinoid]] | |||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Most common in males | * Most common in [[Male|males]] | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis 45 | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] 45 | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Neuroendocrine cells]] of lung | * [[Neuroendocrine cells]] of [[lung]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Typical [[Carcinoid|carcinoids]] are throughout the lungs | * Typical [[Carcinoid|carcinoids]] are throughout the [[Lung|lungs]] | ||
* Atypical [[carcinoid]] is more commonly peripheral | |||
* Atypical carcinoid is more commonly peripheral | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
| | * Firm, well demarcated, tan to yellow [[Tumor|tumors]] | ||
* Firm, well demarcated, tan to yellow tumors | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
| | * Uniform polygonal [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
* Uniform polygonal cells | * [[Cell nucleus|Nuclear]] [[atypia]] | ||
* Nuclear atypia | |||
* [[Pleomorphism]] | * [[Pleomorphism]] | ||
* The most common patterns are the organoid and trabecular | * The most common patterns are the organoid and [[Trabecula|trabecular]] | ||
* Highly vascularized fibrovascular stroma | * Highly [[Vascularity|vascularized]] fibrovascular [[stroma]] | ||
* Focal [[necrosis]] | * Focal [[necrosis]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Cytokeratin]] | * [[Cytokeratin]] | ||
* [[Chromogranin]] | * [[Chromogranin]] | ||
Line 568: | Line 564: | ||
* [[CD56]] | * [[CD56]] | ||
* [[S-100 protein]] | * [[S-100 protein]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well defined [[pulmonary]] nodules | * Well defined [[pulmonary]] [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] | ||
* [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | * [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | ||
* Intense contrast enhancement | * Intense [[contrast]] enhancement | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Bone]] | * [[Bone]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Salivary gland tumors]]<ref name="pmid23789697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elnayal A, Moran CA, Fox PS, Mawlawi O, Swisher SG, Marom EM |title=Primary salivary gland-type lung cancer: imaging and clinical predictors of outcome |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=201 |issue=1 |pages=W57–63 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23789697 |pmc=3767141 |doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9579 |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Most patients | * Most [[Patient|patients]] present in the third and fourth decade | ||
* Constitutes of less than 1% tumor | * Constitutes of less than 1% [[tumor]] | ||
* No association with [[cigarette smoking]] or other risk factors | * No association with [[cigarette smoking]] or other [[Risk factor|risk factors]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Primitive cells of tracheobronchial origin | * Primitive [[Cell (biology)|cells]] of [[tracheobronchial]] origin | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Bronchial glands | * [[Bronchial]] [[Gland|glands]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Ranging in size from 0.5-6 cm | * Ranging in size from 0.5 - 6 cm | ||
* Soft, polypoid, and pink-tan in | * Soft, polypoid, and pink-tan in color | ||
* High-grade lesions are infiltrative | * [[Grading (tumors)|High-grade]] [[Lesion|lesions]] are infiltrative | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Exophytic endobronchial growth | * Exophytic endobronchial growth | ||
* Surface [[epithelium]] lacking changes of in | * Surface [[epithelium]] lacking changes of [[in situ]] [[carcinoma]] | ||
* Absence of individual cell [[keratinization]] | * Absence of individual [[Cell (biology)|cell]] [[keratinization]] | ||
* Transitional areas to low grade [[mucoepidermoid carcinoma]] | * Transitional areas to [[Grading (tumors)|low grade]] [[mucoepidermoid carcinoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[GFAP]] | * [[GFAP]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well-circumscribed oval or lobulated mass | * Well-circumscribed oval or lobulated mass | ||
* [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | * [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | ||
* Post-obstructive pneumonic infiltrates | * Post-obstructive pneumonic infiltrates | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Rare | * Rare | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
Line 608: | Line 604: | ||
* [[Brain]] | * [[Brain]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Adenoid cystic carcinoma | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Constitutes less than 1% of all lung tumors | * Constitutes less than 1% of all [[lung]] [[Tumor|tumors]] | ||
* Most commonly seen in fourth and fifth decades of life | * Most commonly seen in the fourth and fifth decades of life | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Primitive cells of tracheobronchial origin | * Primitive [[Cell (biology)|cells]] of [[tracheobronchial]] origin | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Trachea]] | * [[Trachea]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Gray-white or tan polypoid lesions | * Gray-white or tan polypoid [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* Size ranges from 1 - 4 cm | |||
* Size ranges from | |||
* Infiltrative margins | * Infiltrative margins | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Invades other cell layers | * [[Invasive (medical)|Invades]] other [[Cell (biology)|cell]] layers | ||
* Heterogeneous cellularity | * [[Heterogeneous]] [[Cell (biology)|cellularity]] | ||
* Cribriform pattern | * [[Cribriform]] pattern | ||
* Perineural invasion | * [[Perineurium|Perineural]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Immunoperoxidase]] | * [[Immunoperoxidase]] | ||
* [[Cytokeratin]] | * [[Cytokeratin]] | ||
Line 636: | Line 630: | ||
* [[p53]] | * [[p53]] | ||
* [[GFAP]] | * [[GFAP]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Nodule | * [[Nodule (medicine)|Nodule]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Brain]] | * [[Brain]] | ||
Line 647: | Line 641: | ||
* [[Adrenal glands]] | * [[Adrenal glands]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Age ranges from 33 to 71 years | * Age ranges from 33 to 71 years | ||
* No association with [[smoking]] | * No association with [[smoking]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
*[[Myoepithelial cells]] | *[[Myoepithelial cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Endobronchial | * Endobronchial | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Solid to gelatinous in texture | * Solid to gelatinous in texture | ||
* White to gray in | * White to gray in color | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Myoepithelial cells]] | * [[Myoepithelial cells]] | ||
* Dual layer of cells lining ducts | * Dual layer of [[Cell (biology)|cells]] lining ducts | ||
* Low mitotic activity | * Low [[Mitosis|mitotic]] activity | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* MNF116 | * MNF116 | ||
* EMA | * EMA | ||
* [[SMA]] and [[S-100]] | * [[SMA]] and [[S-100]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Reflects [[airway obstruction]] | * Reflects [[airway obstruction]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Breast]] | * [[Breast]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
Line 684: | Line 678: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[Lesion|lesions]]<ref name="pmid11980589">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greenberg AK, Yee H, Rom WN |title=Preneoplastic lesions of the lung |journal=Respir. Res. |volume=3 |issue= |pages=20 |date=2002 |pmid=11980589 |pmc=107849 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Squamous carcinoma|Squamous carcinoma in situ]] | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Most commonly seen in fifth or sixth decades | * Most commonly seen in fifth or sixth decades | ||
* Mostly seen in women | * Mostly seen in women | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Basal cells of squamous epithelium | * [[Basal cell|Basal cells]] of [[squamous epithelium]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Bronchi]] | * [[Bronchi]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Focal or multi-focal plaque-like greyish lesions | * Focal or multi-focal plaque-like greyish [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* Nonspecific [[erythema]] | * Nonspecific [[erythema]] | ||
* Even nodular or polypoid lesions | * Even [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] or polypoid [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Goblet cell]] [[hyperplasia]] | * [[Goblet cell]] [[hyperplasia]] | ||
* [[Basal cell]] [[hyperplasia]] | * [[Basal cell]] [[hyperplasia]] | ||
* [[Squamous]] [[dysplasia]] | * [[Squamous]] [[dysplasia]] | ||
* [[Angiogenic]] [[squamous]] [[dysplasia]] | * [[Angiogenic]] [[squamous]] [[dysplasia]] | ||
* Micropapillomatosis | * Micropapillomatosis | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[EGFR]] | * [[EGFR]] | ||
* [[HER2/neu]] | * [[HER2/neu]] | ||
Line 716: | Line 706: | ||
* [[Bcl-2]] | * [[Bcl-2]] | ||
* [[VEGF]] | * [[VEGF]] | ||
* Folate binding protein | * [[Folate]] binding [[protein]] | ||
* [[P16 (gene)|p16]] | * [[P16 (gene)|p16]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Cauliflower like | * Cauliflower like | ||
* Mosaic pattern | * Mosaic pattern | ||
| rowspan="3" | | | rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Brain]] | * [[Brain]] | ||
Line 727: | Line 717: | ||
* [[Spleen]] | * [[Spleen]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung|Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Surfactant apoprotein | * [[Surfactant]] apoprotein | ||
* [[Clara cell secretory protein|Clara cell specific 10kDd protein]] | * [[Clara cell secretory protein|Clara cell specific 10kDd protein]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | * [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | ||
* Upper lobes | * Upper [[Lobe (anatomy)|lobes]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Multiple grey to yellow foci | * Multiple grey to yellow foci | ||
* | * 1 mm to 10 mm in size | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Intranuclear inclusions | * [[Nuclear|Intranuclear]] inclusions | ||
* [[Clara cell|Clara cells]] and [[Pneumocytes|type II pneumocytes]] | * [[Clara cell|Clara cells]] and [[Pneumocytes|type II pneumocytes]] | ||
* Thickened alveolar walls | * Thickened [[alveolar]] walls | ||
* Discontinuous lining of cells | * Discontinuous lining of [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
* Moderate atypia | * Moderate [[atypia]] | ||
* Pseudopapillae | * Pseudopapillae | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
* [[MMP|MMPs]] | * [[MMP|MMPs]] | ||
Line 752: | Line 742: | ||
* [[TTF-1]] | * [[TTF-1]] | ||
* [[TP53]] | * [[TP53]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Typically not visualized on [[Radiography|radiographs]] | * Typically not visualized on [[Radiography|radiographs]] | ||
* Small non-solid nodules | * Small non-solid [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] | ||
* Ground-glass opacity | * Ground-glass opacity | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine cells]] | * [[Pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Endobronchial | * Endobronchial | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Early lesions are: | * Early [[Lesion|lesions]] are: | ||
** Small, gray-white nodules | ** Small, gray-white [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]], resembling "miliary bodies" | ||
* Larger [[carcinoid]] [[Tumor|tumors]] are: | |||
* Larger [[carcinoid]] tumors are: | |||
** Firm | ** Firm | ||
** Homogeneous | ** [[Homogeneous]] | ||
** Well-defined | ** Well-defined | ||
** Grey or yellow-white masses | ** Grey or yellow-white masses | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Nodular]] aggregates | * [[Nodular]] aggregates | ||
* [[ | * [[Fibrosis]] due to [[proliferation]] | ||
* Invade locally | * [[Invasive (medical)|Invade]] locally | ||
* [[Fibrous]] [[stroma]] aggregates to form ‘tumorlets’. | * [[Fibrous]] [[stroma]] aggregates to form ‘tumorlets’. | ||
* [[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] are tumorlets >5cm. | * [[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] are tumorlets > 5cm. | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
* [[CEA]] | * [[CEA]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mosaic pattern of air trapping | * Mosaic pattern of air trapping | ||
* Sometimes with nodules | * Sometimes with [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] | ||
* Thickened [[bronchial]] and bronchiolar walls | * Thickened [[bronchial]] and [[Bronchiole|bronchiolar]] walls | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
Line 799: | Line 787: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="4" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mesenchymal]] [[Tumor|tumors]]<ref name="pmid24407922">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koenigkam-Santos M, Sommer G, Puderbach M, Safi S, Schnabel PA, Kauczor HU, Heussel CP |title=Primary intrathoracic malignant mesenchymal tumours: computed tomography features of a rare group of chest neoplasms |journal=Insights Imaging |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=237–44 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24407922 |pmc=3999366 |doi=10.1007/s13244-013-0306-0 |url=}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]] / [[Angiosarcoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Caucasian | * Caucasian | ||
* 80% are women | * 80% are [[Female|women]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Endothelial cells | * [[Endothelial cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Intravascular]] | * [[Intravascular]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* 0.3-2.0 cm circumscribed mass | * 0.3 - 2.0 cm circumscribed mass | ||
* Gray-white or gray-tan firm tissue | * Gray-white or gray-tan firm [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] | ||
* Yellow flecks | * Yellow flecks | ||
* Central [[Calcification|calcifications]] | * Central [[Calcification|calcifications]] | ||
* Cut surface has a [[cartilaginous]] consistency | * Cut surface has a [[cartilaginous]] consistency | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Round to oval-shaped [[nodules]] | * Round to oval-shaped [[nodules]] | ||
* Central [[sclerosis]] | * Central [[sclerosis]] | ||
* Hypocellular zone | * Hypocellular zone | ||
* Peripheral cellular zone | * Peripheral [[Cell (biology)|cellular]] zone | ||
* [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | * [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | ||
* Intranuclear [[cytoplasmic]] [[inclusions]] | * [[Nuclear|Intranuclear]] [[cytoplasmic]] [[inclusions]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[CD31]] | * [[CD31]] | ||
* [[CD34]] | * [[CD34]] | ||
* [[Factor VIII]] ([[von Willebrand factor]]) | * [[Factor VIII]] ([[von Willebrand factor]]) | ||
* [[Cytokeratin]] | * [[Cytokeratin]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Multiple | * Multiple | ||
* Bilateral | * Bilateral | ||
* Small nodules | * Small [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] | ||
* 1-2 cm in size | * 1 - 2 cm in size | ||
* Can mimic [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis|pulmonary | * Can mimic [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis|pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | ||
* [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | * [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Liver]] | * [[Liver]] | ||
* [[Bone]] | * [[Bone]] | ||
* [[Soft tissue]] | * [[Soft tissue]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Most common in children | * Most common in [[Child|children]] | ||
* Median age of diagnosis is 2 years | * [[Median]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 2 years | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Thoracic]] splanchnopleural [[mesenchyme]] | * [[Thoracic]] splanchnopleural [[mesenchyme]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | * [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | ||
* [[Lung]] | * [[Lung]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Purely cystic | * Purely [[Cyst|cystic]] | ||
* Thin-walled | * Thin-walled | ||
* Rarely solid | * Rarely solid | ||
* Firm to gelatinous | * Firm to gelatinous | ||
* | * Up to 15 cm in size | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Type I | * Type I | ||
** Purely [[cystic]] | ** Purely [[cystic]] | ||
Line 859: | Line 847: | ||
** Underneath [[malignant]] [[cells]] | ** Underneath [[malignant]] [[cells]] | ||
* Type II | * Type II | ||
** Partial or complete overgrowth of the septal [[stroma]] | ** Partial or complete overgrowth of the [[Septum|septal]] [[stroma]] | ||
* Type III | * Type III | ||
** Mixed cells | ** Mixed [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
* [[S-100 protein]] | * [[S-100 protein]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Unilateral | * Unilateral | ||
* Localized | * Localized air-filled [[Cyst|cysts]] | ||
* Septal thickening or an intracystic mass | * [[Septum|Septal]] thickening or an [[Cystic|intracystic]] mass | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Brain]] | * [[Brain]] | ||
* [[Spinal cord]] | * [[Spinal cord]] | ||
Line 876: | Line 864: | ||
* [[Pancreas]] | * [[Pancreas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Chondroma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Young women | * Young [[Female|women]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Chondrocyte|Chondrocytes]] | * [[Chondrocyte|Chondrocytes]] | ||
* Cartilaginous cells | * [[Cartilage|Cartilaginous]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral lesions in [[lung]] | * Peripheral [[Lesion|lesions]] in [[lung]] | ||
* Primary lesion seen in | * Primary [[lesion]] seen in | ||
** [[Stomach]] | ** [[Stomach]] | ||
** [[Bone]] | ** [[Bone]] | ||
** [[Paraganglia]] | ** [[Paraganglia]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Peripheral | * Peripheral | ||
* Solid lesions | * Solid [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* [[Calcified lesion|Calcified]] | * [[Calcified lesion|Calcified]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Capsulated lobules | * Capsulated [[lobules]] | ||
* Hypocellular | * Hypocellular | ||
* Features of [[malignancy]] are absent | * Features of [[malignancy]] are absent | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Multiple | * Multiple | ||
* Well circumscribed lesions | * Well circumscribed [[Lesion|lesions]] | ||
* “Pop-corn” calcifications | * “Pop-corn” [[Calcification|calcifications]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Benign tumor|Benign]] in nature | * [[Benign tumor|Benign]] in nature | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Rare | * Rare | ||
* Sporadic | * Sporadic | ||
Line 912: | Line 900: | ||
** [[Polyhydramnios]] | ** [[Polyhydramnios]] | ||
** [[Hydrops fetalis|Non-immune hydrops fetalis]] | ** [[Hydrops fetalis|Non-immune hydrops fetalis]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Spindle cells]] | * [[Spindle cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Along the bronchi | * Along the [[bronchi]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* 5-10 cm | * 5 - 10 cm | ||
* Well-circumscribed | * Well-circumscribed | ||
* Non-encapsulated | * Non-encapsulated | ||
* Smooth or multinodular surface | * Smooth or [[Nodule (medicine)|multinodular]] surface | ||
* The cut surface has a | * The cut surface has a tan-grey to yellow-tan [[Flesh|fleshy]] appearance | ||
* [[Hemorrhage]] | * [[Hemorrhage]] | ||
* [[Necrosis]] | * [[Necrosis]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Fascicles]] of [[spindle cells]] | * [[Fascicles]] of [[spindle cells]] | ||
* [[Bronchial]] invasion | * [[Bronchial]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] | ||
* Peribronchial distribution | * Peribronchial distribution | ||
* Cystic foci of [[hemorrhage]] | * [[Cyst|Cystic]] foci of [[hemorrhage]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Well circumscribed | * Well circumscribed | ||
* Opaque hemithorax | * Opaque hemithorax | ||
* Heterogeneous mass | * [[Heterogeneous]] mass | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Rare | * Rare | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Type | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Type | ||
!Category | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Category | ||
! colspan="2" |Disease | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease | ||
!Epidemiology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Epidemiology | ||
!Pleuripotent cells | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Pleuripotent cells | ||
!Location | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Location | ||
!Gross pathology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Gross pathology | ||
!Histology | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Histology | ||
!Immunohistochemistry | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Immunohistochemistry | ||
!Imaging | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Imaging | ||
!Metastasis | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Metastasis | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Malignant | ||
! rowspan="4" | | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Mesenchymal]] [[Tumor|tumors]]<ref name="pmid24407922" /> | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Children | * [[Child|Children]] | ||
* Young adults of both sexes | * Young [[Adult|adults]] of both sexes | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Smooth muscle cells]] of [[lymphatic vessels]] | * [[Smooth muscle cells]] of [[lymphatic vessels]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Along the [[Lymphatic drainage|lymphatic distribution]] | * Along the [[Lymphatic drainage|lymphatic distribution]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Prominence of the bronchovascular bundles along | * Prominence of the bronchovascular bundles along | ||
** [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | ** [[Pleurae|Pleura]] | ||
** Interlobular pulmonary septa | ** [[Lobule|Interlobular]] [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[Septum|septa]] | ||
** [[Mediastinum]] | ** [[Mediastinum]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Anastomosing endothelial-lined cells along lymphatic routes | * [[Anastomosis|Anastomosing]] [[Endothelium|endothelial]]-lined [[Cell (biology)|cells]] along [[Lymphatic system|lymphatic]] routes | ||
* [[Spindle cells]] | * [[Spindle cells]] | ||
* Intra alveolar siderophages | * [[Alveolar|Intra-alveolar]] siderophages | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Increased interstitial markings | * Increased [[interstitial]] markings | ||
* Thickening of the: | * Thickening of the: | ||
** Interlobular septa | ** [[Lobule|Interlobular]] [[Septum|septa]] | ||
** [[Fissure|Fissures]] | ** [[Fissure|Fissures]] | ||
** Central airways | ** Central airways | ||
** [[Pleura]] | ** [[Pleura]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Skin | * [[Skin]] | ||
* Bone | * [[Bone]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Previous [[viral infections]] | * Previous [[viral infections]] | ||
* [[HHV-8|HHV8]] | * [[HHV-8|HHV8]] | ||
* Children | * [[Child|Children]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Myofibroblasts|Myofibroblastic cells]] | * [[Myofibroblasts|Myofibroblastic cells]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Localized to bronchi | * Localized to [[bronchi]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Solitary | * [[Solitary]] | ||
* Round rubbery masses | * Round rubbery masses | ||
* Yellowish-gray discoloration | * Yellowish-gray discoloration | ||
* Average size of 3.0 cm | * [[Average]] size of 3.0 cm | ||
* Non-encapculated | * Non-encapculated | ||
* [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | * [[Calcification|Calcifications]] | ||
* No local invasion | * No local [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mixture of [[spindle cells]] | * Mixture of [[spindle cells]] | ||
** [[Fibroblastic]] | ** [[Fibroblastic]] | ||
** [[Myofibroblasts|Myofibroblastic]] | ** [[Myofibroblasts|Myofibroblastic]] | ||
* Arranged in [[fascicles]] | * Arranged in [[fascicles]] | ||
* Cytologic atypia | * [[Cell biology|Cytologic]] [[atypia]] | ||
* Touton type [[giant cells]] | * Touton type [[giant cells]] | ||
* [[Plasma cells]] | * [[Plasma cells]] | ||
* [[Lymphoid follicles]] | * [[Lymphoid follicles]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
* [[Actin]] | * [[Actin]] | ||
* p80 | * p80 | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Solitary mass | * [[Solitary]] mass | ||
* Regular borders | * Regular borders | ||
* Spiculated appearance | * Spiculated appearance | ||
Line 1,023: | Line 1,007: | ||
** Post-obstructive [[pneumonia]] | ** Post-obstructive [[pneumonia]] | ||
** [[Atelectasis]] | ** [[Atelectasis]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Rare | * Rare | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 49.3 years | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 49.3 years | ||
* Commonly misdiagnosed as [[pulmonary embolism]] | * Commonly [[Diagnosis|misdiagnosed]] as [[pulmonary embolism]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Mesenchymal cell|Mesenchymal cells]] of the [[intima]] | * [[Mesenchymal cell|Mesenchymal cells]] of the [[intima]] | ||
* Primitive cells of the bulbus | * Primitive [[Cell (biology)|cells]] of the [[bulbus cordis]] in the trunk of [[pulmonary artery]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pulmonary trunk]] most commonly involving: | * [[Pulmonary trunk]] most commonly involving: | ||
** [[Right pulmonary artery]] | ** [[Right pulmonary artery]] | ||
Line 1,039: | Line 1,023: | ||
** [[Pulmonary valve]] | ** [[Pulmonary valve]] | ||
** [[Ventricular outflow tract|Right ventricular outflow tract]] | ** [[Ventricular outflow tract|Right ventricular outflow tract]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Mucoid or gelatinous clots filling vascular | * Mucoid or gelatinous clots filling [[vascular]] [[lumen]] | ||
* The cut surface may show | * The cut surface may show: | ||
** Firm fibrotic areas | ** Firm fibrotic areas | ||
** Bony/gritty or chondromyxoid foci | ** [[Bone|Bony]]/gritty or chondromyxoid foci | ||
** [[Hemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]] are common in high-grade tumors | ** [[Hemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]] are common in [[Grading (tumors)|high-grade]] [[Tumor|tumors]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Spindle cells in | * [[Spindle cells]] in | ||
** A myxoid background | ** A myxoid background | ||
** Collagenized stroma | ** [[Collagen|Collagenized]] [[stroma]] | ||
** Recanalized thrombi | ** Recanalized [[Thrombus|thrombi]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
* [[Osteopontin]] | * [[Osteopontin]] | ||
Line 1,056: | Line 1,040: | ||
* [[CD31]] | * [[CD31]] | ||
* [[CD34]] | * [[CD34]] | ||
| rowspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Findings overlap with those of chronic [[thromboembolic disease]] | * Findings overlap with those of [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[thromboembolic disease]] | ||
* Decreased [[vascularity]] | * Decreased [[vascularity]] | ||
* Heterogeneous [[soft tissue]] density | * [[Heterogeneous]] [[soft tissue]] density | ||
* Smooth [[vascular]] tapering | * Smooth [[vascular]] tapering | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Lung]] parenchyma | * [[Lung]] [[parenchyma]] | ||
* [[Mediastinum]] | * [[Mediastinum]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Pulmonary vein]] [[sarcoma]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Most common in women | * Most common in [[Female|women]] | ||
* Mean age of diagnosis is 49 | * [[Mean]] age of [[diagnosis]] is 49 | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Smooth muscle]] | * [[Smooth muscle]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Pulmonary veins|Pulmonary vein]] | * [[Pulmonary veins|Pulmonary vein]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* Fleshy-tan tumor | * [[Flesh|Fleshy]]-tan [[tumor]] | ||
* Can occlude the lumen of the involved vessel | * Can occlude the [[lumen]] of the involved [[Blood vessel|vessel]] | ||
* 3.0- 20.0 cm | * 3.0 - 20.0 cm | ||
* Invasion of wall of the [[vein]] | * [[Invasive (medical)|Invasion]] of wall of the [[vein]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Smooth muscle]] differentiation | * [[Smooth muscle]] differentiation | ||
* Moderate to highly cellular [[Spindle cells|spindle cell]] [[neoplasms]] | * Moderate to highly [[Cell (biology)|cellular]] [[Spindle cells|spindle cell]] [[neoplasms]] | ||
* [[Epithelioid]] morphology | * [[Epithelioid]] [[morphology]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* [[Vimentin]] | * [[Vimentin]] | ||
* [[Desmin]] | * [[Desmin]] | ||
* [[Actin]] | * [[Actin]] | ||
* [[Keratin]] | * [[Keratin]] | ||
| | | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | | ||
* N/A | * N/A | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
Line 1,110: | Line 1,083: | ||
[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Differential diagnosis]] | [[Category:Differential diagnosis]] |
Latest revision as of 22:34, 29 July 2020
![](/images/1/16/Home_logo1.png)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2], Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [3]
Overview
Lung mass can be differentiated from other conditions that cause chronic cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss based on the clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, histological features, and genetic studies.
Differentiating Lung Mass from other Diseases
- The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate lung mass based on the clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, histological features, and genetic studies.[1][2][3]
- Abrevations: HPV: human papillomavirus; CEA: Carcino embryogenic antigen; TTF1: Thyroid transcription factor-1; EMA: Epithelial membrane antigen; CK: Cytokeratin; CD: Cluster differentiation; NCAM: Neural cell adhesion molecule; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinase; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
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Benign | Papilloma[4] | Squamous cell papilloma |
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Glandular papilloma |
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Adenoma[5] | Alveolar adenoma |
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Papillary adenoma[6] |
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Mucinous cystadenoma |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)[7] | Papillary |
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Clear cell | |||||||||||
Basaloid |
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Small cell carcinoma[8] |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Adenocarcinoma[9][10][11] | Acinar adenocarcinoma |
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Aerogenous spread is characteristic | ||||||
Papillary adenocarcinoma | |||||||||||
Bronchoalveolar carcinoma | Non-mucinous | ||||||||||
Mucinous |
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Mixed non-mucinous and mucinous or indeterminate | |||||||||||
Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production | Fetal adenocarcinoma |
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Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma |
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Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma |
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Signet ring adenocarcinoma | |||||||||||
Clear cell adenocarcinoma | |||||||||||
Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Large cell carcinoma[12] | Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung |
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Clear cell carcinoma of the lung | |||||||||||
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung |
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Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype |
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Mixed type | |||||||||||
Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Sarcomatoid carcinoma[13] | Carcinosarcoma |
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Spindle cell carcinoma |
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Giant cell carcinoma |
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Pleomorphic carcinoma |
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Pulmonary blastoma |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Carcinoid tumor[14] | Typical carcinoid |
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Salivary gland tumors[15] | Mucoepidermoid carcinoma |
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma |
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Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Pre-invasive lesions[16] | Squamous carcinoma in situ |
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Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia |
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Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Mesenchymal tumors[17] | Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma / Angiosarcoma |
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Pleuropulmonary blastoma |
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Chondroma |
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Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor |
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Type | Category | Disease | Epidemiology | Pleuripotent cells | Location | Gross pathology | Histology | Immunohistochemistry | Imaging | Metastasis | |
Malignant | Mesenchymal tumors[17] | Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis |
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor |
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Pulmonary artery sarcoma |
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Pulmonary vein sarcoma |
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References
- ↑ Erasmus JJ, Connolly JE, McAdams HP, Roggli VL (2000). "Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part I. Morphologic evaluation for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions". Radiographics. 20 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.1.g00ja0343. PMID 10682770.
- ↑ Gümüştaş S, Inan N, Akansel G, Ciftçi E, Demirci A, Ozkara SK (June 2012). "Differentiation of malignant and benign lung lesions with diffusion-weighted MR imaging". Radiol Oncol. 46 (2): 106–13. doi:10.2478/v10019-012-0021-3. PMC 3472932. PMID 23077446.
- ↑ Kelley LC, Puette M, Langheinrich KA, King B (November 1994). "Bovine pulmonary blastomas: histomorphologic description and immunohistochemistry". Vet. Pathol. 31 (6): 658–62. doi:10.1177/030098589403100605. PMID 7863581.
- ↑ Maxwell RJ, Gibbons JR, O'Hara MD (January 1985). "Solitary squamous papilloma of the bronchus". Thorax. 40 (1): 68–71. PMC 459982. PMID 3969658.
- ↑ Shiota Y, Matsumoto H, Sasaki N, Taniyama K, Hashimoto S, Sueishi K (1998). "Solitary bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung". Respiration. 65 (6): 483–5. doi:10.1159/000029319. PMID 9817965.
- ↑ Kanchustambham V, Saladi S, Patolia S, Mahmoud Assaf S, Stoeckel D (March 2017). "A Rare Case of a Benign Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lung". Cureus. 9 (3): e1069. doi:10.7759/cureus.1069. PMC 5375953. PMID 28409070.
- ↑ Roth E, Smidt D (January 1970). "[Studies on early ejaculate collection using electroejaculation in German improved land-swines and Goettinger miniature pigs]". Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. (in German). 83 (1): 7–11. PMID 5528918.
- ↑ Jackman DM, Johnson BE (2005). "Small-cell lung cancer". Lancet. 366 (9494): 1385–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67569-1. PMID 16226617.
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. "Chapter 13, box on morphology of adenocarcinoma". Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- ↑ Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S; et al. (2007). "Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer". Nature. 448 (7153): 561–6. doi:10.1038/nature05945. PMID 17625570.
- ↑ Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Adenocarcinoma_%283950819000%29.jpg
- ↑ Rossi G, Mengoli MC, Cavazza A, Nicoli D, Barbareschi M, Cantaloni C, Papotti M, Tironi A, Graziano P, Paci M, Stefani A, Migaldi M, Sartori G, Pelosi G (January 2014). "Large cell carcinoma of the lung: clinically oriented classification integrating immunohistochemistry and molecular biology". Virchows Arch. 464 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1007/s00428-013-1501-6. PMID 24221342.
- ↑ Huang SY, Shen SJ, Li XY (October 2013). "Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and prognostic analysis of 51 cases". World J Surg Oncol. 11: 252. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-11-252. PMC 3850921. PMID 24088577.
- ↑ Dahabreh J, Stathopoulos GP, Koutantos J, Rigatos S (March 2009). "Lung carcinoid tumor biology: treatment and survival". Oncol. Rep. 21 (3): 757–60. PMID 19212636.
- ↑ Elnayal A, Moran CA, Fox PS, Mawlawi O, Swisher SG, Marom EM (July 2013). "Primary salivary gland-type lung cancer: imaging and clinical predictors of outcome". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201 (1): W57–63. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.9579. PMC 3767141. PMID 23789697.
- ↑ Greenberg AK, Yee H, Rom WN (2002). "Preneoplastic lesions of the lung". Respir. Res. 3: 20. PMC 107849. PMID 11980589.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Koenigkam-Santos M, Sommer G, Puderbach M, Safi S, Schnabel PA, Kauczor HU, Heussel CP (April 2014). "Primary intrathoracic malignant mesenchymal tumours: computed tomography features of a rare group of chest neoplasms". Insights Imaging. 5 (2): 237–44. doi:10.1007/s13244-013-0306-0. PMC 3999366. PMID 24407922.