Splenomegaly causes: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan="5" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Increased function | ! rowspan="5" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Increased function | ||
! colspan="2" |Removal of defective RBCs | ! colspan="2" |Removal of defective RBCs | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Spherocytosis]] | * [[Spherocytosis]] | ||
* [[Thalassemia]] | * [[Thalassemia]] | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
* [[Sickle cell anemia]] | * [[Sickle cell anemia]] | ||
</div> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" |Immune hyperplasia | ! rowspan="3" |Immune hyperplasia | ||
!Response to infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) | !Response to infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) | ||
| <div style="-moz-column-count: | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Mononucleosis]] | * [[Mononucleosis]] | ||
* [[AIDS]] | * [[AIDS]] | ||
| Line 70: | Line 71: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Disordered immunoregulation | !Disordered immunoregulation | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | * [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
* [[SLE]] | * [[SLE]] | ||
| Line 77: | Line 78: | ||
* [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|Immune thrombocytopenia]] | * [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|Immune thrombocytopenia]] | ||
* [[Sarcoidosis]] | * [[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
</div> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Drug reactions | !Drug reactions | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Extramedullary hematopoiesis | ! colspan="2" |Extramedullary hematopoiesis | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Myelofibrosis]] | * [[Myelofibrosis]] | ||
* [[Tumors]] | * [[Tumors]] | ||
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* [[marrow damage by radiation, toxins|Marrow damage by radiation]] | * [[marrow damage by radiation, toxins|Marrow damage by radiation]] | ||
* [[marrow damage by radiation, toxins|toxins]] | * [[marrow damage by radiation, toxins|toxins]] | ||
</div> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Abnormal blood flow | ! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Abnormal blood flow | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Vascular | ! colspan="2" |Vascular | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Hepatic vein obstruction]] | * [[Hepatic vein obstruction]] | ||
* [[Portal vein thrombosis|Portal vein obstruction]] | * [[Portal vein thrombosis|Portal vein obstruction]] | ||
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]] | * [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]] | ||
* Splenic vein obstruction | * Splenic vein obstruction | ||
</div> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Infections | ! colspan="2" |Infections | ||
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Infiltration | ! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Infiltration | ||
! colspan="2" |Metabolic diseases | ! colspan="2" |Metabolic diseases | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Gauchers disease]] | * [[Gauchers disease]] | ||
* [[Niemann-Pick disease]] | * [[Niemann-Pick disease]] | ||
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* [[Amyloidosis]] | * [[Amyloidosis]] | ||
* [[Tangier disease]] | * [[Tangier disease]] | ||
</div> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Benign and malignant infiltrations | ! colspan="2" |Benign and malignant infiltrations | ||
| | | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
* [[Leukemias]] ([[acute]], [[chronic]], [[lymphoid]] and [[myeloid]]) | * [[Leukemias]] ([[acute]], [[chronic]], [[lymphoid]] and [[myeloid]]) | ||
* [[Lymphomas]] ([[Hodgkins]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-hodgkins]]) | * [[Lymphomas]] ([[Hodgkins]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-hodgkins]]) | ||
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* [[Hamartomas]] | * [[Hamartomas]] | ||
* [[Eosinophilic granuloma]] | * [[Eosinophilic granuloma]] | ||
</div> | |||
|} | |} | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ||
{{columns-list | {{columns-list| | ||
*[[Acanthocheilonemiasis]] | *[[Acanthocheilonemiasis]] | ||
| Line 468: | Line 474: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:14, 30 July 2020
Template:Splenomegaly
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The causes of splenomegaly vary widely and range from increased splenic function (such as hemoglobinopathies), splenic congestion due to abnormal blood flow (such as venous obstruction), and splenic infiltration (such as storage disorders and malignancies).
Causes
Common Causes
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Cirrhosis
- Congestive heart failure
- Leukemia
- Long standing alcohol abuse
- Lymphoma
- Malaria
- Portal hypertension
- Sickle cell anemia
- Spherocytosis
- Thalassemia
Less Common Causes [1]
Causes by Pathogenesis
| Mechanism | Pathogenesis | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased function | Removal of defective RBCs | ||
| Immune hyperplasia | Response to infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) | ||
| Disordered immunoregulation | |||
| Drug reactions | |||
| Extramedullary hematopoiesis | |||
| Abnormal blood flow | Organ Failure | ||
| Vascular |
| ||
| Infections |
| ||
| Infiltration | Metabolic diseases | ||
| Benign and malignant infiltrations |
| ||
Causes of Massive Splenomegaly (>1000 gms)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia
- Gauchers disease
- Hairy cell leukemia
- Kala-Azar (Leishmaniasis)
- Lymphomas
- Malaria
- Myelofibrosis
- Polycythemia vera
- Portal hypertension of Bilharziasis
- Sarcoidosis
- Thalassemia
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order[2] [3]
- Acanthocheilonemiasis
- Acute and chronic hemolytic anemias, all etiologies
- Acute and chronic leukemias
- Adult T-cell leukemia
- Aicardi Goutieres syndrome
- AIDS
- Alpha-mannosidase deficiency
- Amyloidosis
- Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia
- Angiosarcoma
- Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
- Babesiosis
- Bartonellosis
- Bone marrow infiltration
- Borreliosis
- Castleman's disease
- Cat-scratch disease
- Chanarin-Dorfman disease
- Chediak-Higashi disease
- Cholesterol ester storage disease
- Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- Cidofovir
- Cirrhosis
- Collagen vascular diseases
- Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia
- Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type 1
- Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria
- Congestive heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Coproporphyria, hereditary
- Coronavirus
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome
- Cytomegalovirus
- Dengue
- E.coli
- Ehrlichiosis
- Eosinophillic granuloma
- Essential thrombocythemia
- Extramedullary haemopoiesis
- Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency
- Familial histiocytic reticulosis
- Familial hypertriglyceridaemia
- Farber lipogranulomatosis
- Felty's syndrome
- Fibroma
- Filgrastim
- Fucosidosis
- Fumarate hydratase deficiency
- Galactose epimerase deficiency
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
- Gamma heavy chain disease
- Gangliosidosis GM1, type 1
- Gangliosidosis GM1, type 3
- GM2 gangliosidosis
- Gaucher's disease
- Geleophysic dysplasia
- Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency
- Glycogen storage disease
- Group B streptococcal infection
- Haemochromatosis
- Haemoglobin C disease
- Haemoglobin E disease
- Haemoglobin SC disease
- Haemolytic disease of the newborn
- Hairy cell leukaemia
- Hamartomas
- Hemangiomas
- Hemoglobinopathy
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- Hepatic portal vein obstruction
- Hepatic vein thrombosis
- Hepatic echinococcosis
- Hepatitis
- Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Histiocytosis X
- Histoplasmosis
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hurler syndrome
- Hurler-Scheie syndrome
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome
- Hyperlipidemia
- Idiopathic splenomegaly
- Iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency
- Immune hemolytic anemias
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Infective endocarditis
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Juvenile chronic arthritis
- Kala-azar
- Kartagener syndrome
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
- Leishmaniasis
- Leptospirosis
- Letterer-Siwe disease
- Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
- Lyme disease
- Lymphangiomas
- Lymphoid leukemia
- Lympho-reticulosarcoma
- Macrophage activation syndrome
- Malaria
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Mastocytosis
- McLeod syndrome
- Melanoma
- Metastatic solid tumors
- Mevalonate kinase deficiency
- Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia
- Monocytic leukemia
- Mu chain disease
- Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VI
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
- Multiple myeloma
- Myelofibrosis
- Myeloid leukemia
- Myeloid metaplasia
- Mycobacterium avium complex
- Myeloproliferative syndrome
- Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome
- Niemann-Pick disease
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Nutritional anemias
- Osteomyelosclerosis
- Osteopetrosis
- Paragonimiasis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Polycythemia vera
- Portal hypertension
- Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Primary splenic tumors
- Primary thrombocythemia, acquired
- Prolidase deficiency
- Psittacosis
- Q fever
- Radiation
- Relapsing fever
- felty syndrome
- Rickettsiae
- RMSF
- Rosai-Dorfman disease
- Rubella
- Salla disease
- Salmonella
- Sandhoff disease
- Sanfilippo disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Schistosomiasis
- Sea blue histiocytosis
- Septicemia
- Serum sickness
- Sialidosis
- Sickle cell crisis
- Sickle cell disease
- Sleeping sickness
- Sphingomyelinase deficiency
- Splenic artery aneurysm
- Splenic vein thrombosis
- Splenic abscess
- Splenic cyst
- Splenic hamartoma
- Splenic hemangioma
- Still disease, adult-onset
- Still disease, juvenile-onset
- Syphilis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Thalassemia major
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasma
- Trauma
- Trench fever
- Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
- Trypanosomiasis
- Tuberculosis
- Tularemia
- Tumors
- Tyrosinaemia type 1
- Visceral larva migrans
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
- Weil syndrome
- Whipple disease
- Zimmermann-Laband syndrome
References
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In a page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:157
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X