Ovarian germ cell tumor physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sahar}} | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Ovarian germ cell tumor}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{MD}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with [[germ cells]] of the [[ovary]] usually appear normal. [[Physical examination]] of these patients is usually unremarkable and the [[tumors]] tend to be discovered incidentally or during [[imaging]] workups for another reason. When [[symptomatic]], the [[physical examination]] may be remarkable for [[Abdominal]]/[[pelvic]] [[mass]] and/or [[signs]] of [[virilization]], [[precocious puberty]], and [[pregnancy]] depending on the capacity of the [[tumor]] for the production of [[hormones]]. | Patients with [[germ cells]] of the [[ovary]] usually appear normal. [[Physical examination]] of these patients is usually unremarkable and the [[tumors]] tend to be discovered incidentally or during [[imaging]] workups for another reason. When [[symptomatic]], the [[physical examination]] may be remarkable for [[Abdominal]]/[[pelvic]] [[mass]] and/or [[signs]] of [[virilization]], [[precocious puberty]], and [[pregnancy]] depending on the capacity of the [[tumor]] for the production of [[hormones]]. | ||
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===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
* [[Skin]] examination of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | * [[Skin]] [[examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
* HEENT examination of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | * HEENT [[examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | ||
===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
* [[Neck]] examination of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | * [[Neck]] [[examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
* [[Pulmonary examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the ovary is usually normal. | * [[Pulmonary examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the ovary is usually normal. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
* [[Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] is usually normal. | * [[Cardiovascular]] [[examination]] of patients with [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* [[Abdominal examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] may be remarkable for a [[mass]] or [[Abdominal distention|distention]].<ref name="LowIlancheran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Low|first1=Jeffrey J.H.|last2=Ilancheran|first2=Arunachalam|last3=Ng|first3=Joseph S.|title=Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=347–355|issn=15216934|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002}}</ref> | * [[Abdominal examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] may be remarkable for a [[mass]] or [[Abdominal distention|distention]].<ref name="LowIlancheran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Low|first1=Jeffrey J.H.|last2=Ilancheran|first2=Arunachalam|last3=Ng|first3=Joseph S.|title=Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=347–355|issn=15216934|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002}}</ref> | ||
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===Back=== | ===Back=== | ||
* Back examination of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | * Back [[examination]] of patients with [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*A [[pelvic]]/[[adnexal]] [[mass]] may be palpated.<ref name="LowIlancheran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Low|first1=Jeffrey J.H.|last2=Ilancheran|first2=Arunachalam|last3=Ng|first3=Joseph S.|title=Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=347–355|issn=15216934|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002}}</ref> | *A [[pelvic]]/[[adnexal]] [[mass]] may be palpated.<ref name="LowIlancheran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Low|first1=Jeffrey J.H.|last2=Ilancheran|first2=Arunachalam|last3=Ng|first3=Joseph S.|title=Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=26|issue=3|year=2012|pages=347–355|issn=15216934|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002}}</ref> | ||
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===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* [[Neuromuscular]] examination of patients with [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] is usually normal. | * [[Neuromuscular]] [[examination]] of patients with [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] is usually normal. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* [[Extremities]] examination of patients with [[germ cells]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | * [[Extremities]] [[examination]] of patients with [[germ cells]] of the [[ovary]] is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:53, 22 April 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Patients with germ cells of the ovary usually appear normal. Physical examination of these patients is usually unremarkable and the tumors tend to be discovered incidentally or during imaging workups for another reason. When symptomatic, the physical examination may be remarkable for Abdominal/pelvic mass and/or signs of virilization, precocious puberty, and pregnancy depending on the capacity of the tumor for the production of hormones.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Appearance of the Patient
Vital Signs
- Fever is present in 10% to 25% of individuals with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.[1]
- Hypotension or shock may occur in case of spontaneous rupture.[2]
- Spontaneous rupture may happen in <4% of affected individuals.
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary may be remarkable for a mass or distention.[2]
- Ascites can also be present.[1]
Back
- Back examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- A pelvic/adnexal mass may be palpated.[2]
- Although rarely, mature teratoma may present as a vaginal mass.[3]
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with germ cells of the ovary is usually normal.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tewari, K (2000). "Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 95 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00470-6. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). "Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.
- ↑ Vural, F.; Vural, B.; Paksoy, N. (2015). "Vaginal teratoma: A case report and review of the literature". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 35 (7): 757–758. doi:10.3109/01443615.2015.1004525. ISSN 0144-3615.