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{{Ovarian cancer}}
{{Ovarian cancer}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Hudakarman}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.
Historically [[ovarian cancer]] was called the “silent killer” because [[symptoms]] were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some [[symptoms]] are much more likely to occur in women with [[ovarian cancer]] than women in the general [[population]].
==History and Symptoms==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
*The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
*Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 2]
*[History finding 3]
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of [disease] include:
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]


===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]
==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==


* Symptoms and signs usually present late as cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, including other organs.
*[[Ovarian cancer]] can be diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, [[Staging (pathology)|stage]] of the disease, the condition of the patient, and the presence of [[Peritoneal carcinomatosis|peritoneal carcinoma]] <ref name="pmid16087828">{{cite journal| author=White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D et al.| title=Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2005 | volume= 165 | issue= 15 | pages= 1782-7 | pmid=16087828 | doi=10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16087828  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11117976">{{cite journal| author=Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA| title=Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 25 | pages= 1846-50 | pmid=11117976 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200012213432504 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11117976  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9611053">{{cite journal| author=Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W| title=Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review. | journal=Eur J Gynaecol Oncol | year= 1998 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-43 | pmid=9611053 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9611053  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22217630">{{cite journal| author=Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C| title=Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm. | journal=BMJ | year= 2011 | volume= 344 | issue=  | pages= d8009 | pmid=22217630 | doi=10.1136/bmj.d8009 | pmc=3251328 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22217630  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19706933">{{cite journal| author=Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D| title=Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study. | journal=BMJ | year= 2009 | volume= 339 | issue=  | pages= b2998 | pmid=19706933 | doi=10.1136/bmj.b2998 | pmc=2731836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19706933  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14447118">{{cite journal| author=SINHA AC| title=Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1959 | volume= 2 | issue= 5158 | pages= 996-1001 | pmid=14447118 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996 | pmc=1990718 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14447118  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21791297">{{cite journal| author=Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H| title=Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases. | journal=Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol | year= 2011 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-4 | pmid=21791297 | doi=10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21791297  }} </ref>
** Abnormal vaginal bleeding
*If [[symptoms]] suggestive of [[epithelial ovarian cancer]], pelvic exam and [[pelvic]] [[imaging]] should be done to look for [[Adnexal|adnexal mass]]
** A lump that can be felt (palpable) in the pelvic or abdominal area
*Because [[ovarian cancer]] is diagnosed [[histologically]], [[surgical]] [[exploration]] is the main approach for the definitive [[diagnosis]] of [[ovarian cancer]]
** Need to urinate often (frequency)
*[[Symptoms]] can vary based on the advancement of the disease:
** Intense need to urinate (urgency)
*Women with advanced disease presents with acute [[symptoms]] such as:
** Constipation
**[[Shortness of breath]]: due to [[malignant]] [[pleural effusion]]
** Changes to digestion (such as difficulty eating, feeling full after a small meal, heartburn, gas, indigestion or nausea)
**[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]: due to [[bowel obstruction]]
** Feeling of pressure in the pelvic or abdominal area
**[[Symptoms]] of [[venous thromboembolism]] ([[VTE]]) depending on the site of the [[thrombus]] and its extent such as: 
** Fatigue
*** Severe [[pain]] and [[swelling]] in the [[lower limb]]
** Pain in the legs, lower back, pelvis or abdomen
***[[Shortness of breath]] with [[pulmonary emboli]]
** Bloating (swelling of the abdomen)
*Women with early, late or advanced disease presents with [[subacute]] [[symptoms]] such as:
** Painful intercourse
**[[Gastrointestinal]] [[symptoms]]: due to [[ascites]], [[metastasis]], [[bowel obstruction]] or [[distention]] of the ovarian tube
** Buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites)
***[[Abdominal pain]]
** Buildup of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion)
***[[Bloating|Abdominal bloating]]
** Buildup of lymph fluid (lymphedema) in the legs
***[[Abdominal distention]]
** Weight loss
***[[Constipation]]
** Bowel obstruction
***[[Early satiety]]
***[[Nausea and vomiting]]
**[[Urinary symptoms]]:
*** Increase [[frequency]]
*** Increase [[urgency]]
**[[Symptoms]] related to [[adnexal]] mass
***[[Pelvic pain]]
*** Pelvic pressure
*** Palpable [[abdominal]] or [[pelvic]] mass
** Constitutional [[symptoms]]:
***[[Fatigue]]
***[[Weight loss]]
** Other [[symptoms]]
*** Abnormal [[vaginal bleeding]]
***[[Rectal bleeding]]
***[[Painful intercourse]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:39, 12 September 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.

Overview

Historically ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” because symptoms were not thought to develop until the chance of cure was poor. However, recent studies have shown this term is untrue and that some symptoms are much more likely to occur in women with ovarian cancer than women in the general population.

History and Symptoms

  • The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

  • The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
  • Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 

History

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

  • [History finding 1]
  • [History finding 2]
  • [History finding 3]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of [disease] include:

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

  • [Symptom 1]
  • [Symptom 2]
  • [Symptom 3]

Symptoms

References

  1. ↑ White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D; et al. (2005). "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults". Arch Intern Med. 165 (15): 1782–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782. PMID 16087828.
  2. ↑ Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA (2000). "Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1846–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432504. PMID 11117976.
  3. ↑ Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W (1998). "Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review". Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 19 (2): 138–43. PMID 9611053.
  4. ↑ Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2011). "Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm". BMJ. 344: d8009. doi:10.1136/bmj.d8009. PMC 3251328. PMID 22217630.
  5. ↑ Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D (2009). "Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study". BMJ. 339: b2998. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2998. PMC 2731836. PMID 19706933.
  6. ↑ SINHA AC (1959). "Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature". Br Med J. 2 (5158): 996–1001. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996. PMC 1990718. PMID 14447118.
  7. ↑ Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H (2011). "Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases". Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 50 (2): 141–4. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031. PMID 21791297.


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