|
|
| (94 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Types}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Subtypes}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Signs and Symptoms}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Histopathology}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Lab finding }}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Treatment }}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Prognosis}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="3;"|Gonadal'''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Seminoma (Testis)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Painless [[testicular mass]] with discomfort
| |
| * [[Back pain]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal discomfort]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal mass]].
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Complete blood count and blood chemistry tests.
| |
| * Abnormal serum tumor marker levels ([[LDH]], [[HCG]]).<ref name="Diagnosisoftesticularcancer1" />
| |
| * CT: Metastases to the para-aortic, inguinal, or iliac lymph nodes. Visceral metastasis may also be seen.
| |
| * Pelvic MRI: may be diagnostic. multinodular tumors of uniform signal intensity
| |
| * Hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted images and inhomogenous enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.
| |
| * Other diagnostic studies for seminoma include [[biopsy]], [[PET|FDG-PET scan]], and [[bone scan]].
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * [[Orchiectomy|Radical inguinal orchiectomy]] is the first treatment for any stage of testicular seminoma. Usually done as diagnostic and therapeutic.
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Prognosis]] of [[seminoma]] is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.
| |
| * The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides [[seminoma]] into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.
| |
| * Common complications of [[seminoma]] include recurrence, [[lymph node]] [[metastasis]], distant [[metastasis]], and secondary [[malignancies]].
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Dysgerminoma
| |
|
| |
|
| (Ovarian germ cell tumor)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Depend on the type of the [[tumor]] and its potential to produce [[hormonal]]<nowiki/>materials
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]] or distention
| |
| * [[Menstrual irregularities]]
| |
| * Symptoms of [[virilization]]
| |
| * Rapidly growing [[abdominal]]/[[pelvic]] [[mass]]
| |
| * [[Acute abdominal pain]] from [[complications]] such as:
| |
| * * [[Necrosis]]
| |
| * * [[Capsule|Capsular]] distention
| |
| * [[Rupture|* Rupture]] or [[torsion]] and or simply they can be [[asymptomatic]].
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *The majority of [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]][[tumors]] have a [[solid]] and [[cystic]] appearance with areas of [[hemorrhage]]<nowiki/>and [[necrosis]]
| |
| * A uniform “fried egg” appearance ([[dysgerminoma]])
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *Beta-hCG to rule out pregnancy in women with abdominopelvic symptoms
| |
| *Cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia and a wet mount in reproductive and sexually active women to role out and treat before surgery if positive.
| |
| *Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels. If any levels are elevated, they may assist in diagnosis and/ or follow-up of women diagnosed with malignant ovarian GCTs.
| |
| *Inhibin A and B
| |
| *Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) - For epithelial tumors
| |
| *Ultrasound: Dysgerminoma often appears as a [[Echogenicity|hypoechoic]] [[mass]]
| |
| *
| |
| *
| |
| *
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Chemotherapy: except those with stage 1a, stage 1a, 1b [[dysgerminoma]]
| |
| * Radiotherapy:
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| <nowiki>**</nowiki> [[Dysgerminoma]] is radiosensitive.
| |
|
| |
| [[Radiotherapy|** Radiotherapy]] is not anymore the first option of treatment for [[dysgerminoma]] considering its association with [[ovarian failure]]<nowiki/>development.
| |
|
| |
| * Surgery: for diagnostic grading and therapy depending on if the patient prefers to preserve the ovary or not.
| |
|
| |
| <br />
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * The 5-year [[survival rate]] of the patient even with [[Disseminated disease|disseminated]][[dysgerminoma]] at the time of [[diagnosis]] is above 90%.
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Germinoma (Brain)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="6;" | Extragonadal
| |
|
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"| Embryonic
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Teratoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| * [[Cough]]
| |
| * [[Shortness of breath]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| * [[Lump]], Abdominal(ovarian teratoma)
| |
| * Abnormal [[bleeding]] from the vagina
| |
| * [[Fatigue]], [[weight loss]]
| |
| * Limited ability to tolerate exercise
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|
| |
| Extraembryonic
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Coriocarcinoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| Yolk sac tumor
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |}
| |
| <references />
| |