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| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Types}}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Subtypes}}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Signs and Symptoms}}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Histopathology}}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Lab finding }}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Treatment }}
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF| Prognosis}}
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="3;"|Gonadal'''
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| Seminoma (Testis)
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Painless [[testicular mass]] with discomfort
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| * [[Back pain]]
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| * [[Abdominal discomfort]]
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| * [[Abdominal mass]].
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Complete blood count and blood chemistry tests.
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| * Abnormal serum tumor marker levels ([[LDH]], [[HCG]]).<ref name="Diagnosisoftesticularcancer1" />
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| * CT: Metastases to the para-aortic, inguinal, or iliac lymph nodes. Visceral metastasis may also be seen.
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| * Pelvic MRI: may be diagnostic. multinodular tumors of uniform signal intensity
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| * Hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted images and inhomogenous enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.
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| * Other diagnostic studies for seminoma include [[biopsy]], [[PET|FDG-PET scan]], and [[bone scan]].
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * [[Orchiectomy|Radical inguinal orchiectomy]] is the first treatment for any stage of testicular seminoma. Usually done as diagnostic and therapeutic.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *[[Prognosis]] of [[seminoma]] is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.
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| * The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides [[seminoma]] into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.
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| * Common complications of [[seminoma]] include recurrence, [[lymph node]] [[metastasis]], distant [[metastasis]], and secondary [[malignancies]].
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| Dysgerminoma
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| (Ovarian germ cell tumor)
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Depend on the type of the [[tumor]] and its potential to produce [[hormonal]]<nowiki/>materials
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| * [[Abdominal pain]] or distention
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| * [[Menstrual irregularities]]
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| * Symptoms of [[virilization]]
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| * Rapidly growing [[abdominal]]/[[pelvic]] [[mass]]
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| * [[Acute abdominal pain]] from [[complications]] such as:
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| * * [[Necrosis]]
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| * * [[Capsule|Capsular]] distention
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| * [[Rupture|* Rupture]] or [[torsion]] and or simply they can be [[asymptomatic]].
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *The majority of [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]][[tumors]] have a [[solid]] and [[cystic]] appearance with areas of [[hemorrhage]]<nowiki/>and [[necrosis]]
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| * A uniform “fried egg” appearance ([[dysgerminoma]])
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *[[Beta-hCG]] to rule out [[pregnancy]] in women with abdominopelvic [[symptoms]]
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| *Cultures for [[gonorrhea]] and [[chlamydia]] and a wet mount in [[reproductive]] and [[sexually active]] women to role out and treat before [[surgery]] if [[positive]].
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| *[[Lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[LDH]]), [[alpha-fetoprotein]] ([[AFP]]), [[beta-human chorionic gonadotropin]] ([[beta-hCG]]) levels. If any levels are elevated, they may assist in diagnosis and/ or follow-up of women diagnosed with malignant ovarian GCTs.
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| *Inhibin A and B
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| *Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) - For epithelial tumors
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| *Ultrasound: Dysgerminoma often appears as a [[Echogenicity|hypoechoic]] [[mass]]
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| *
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| *
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| *
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Chemotherapy: except those with stage 1a, stage 1a, 1b [[dysgerminoma]]
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| * Radiotherapy:
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|
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|
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| <nowiki>**</nowiki> [[Dysgerminoma]] is radiosensitive.
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| [[Radiotherapy|** Radiotherapy]] is not anymore the first option of treatment for [[dysgerminoma]] considering its association with [[ovarian failure]]<nowiki/>development.
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|
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| * Surgery: for diagnostic grading and therapy depending on if the patient prefers to preserve the ovary or not.
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|
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| <br />
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * The 5-year [[survival rate]] of the patient even with [[Disseminated disease|disseminated]][[dysgerminoma]] at the time of [[diagnosis]] is above 90%.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| Germinoma (Brain)
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="6;" | Extragonadal
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"| Embryonic
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *
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| Teratoma
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * [[Chest pain]]
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| * [[Cough]]
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| * [[Shortness of breath]]
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| * [[Abdominal pain]]
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| * [[Lump]], Abdominal(ovarian teratoma)
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| * Abnormal [[bleeding]] from the vagina
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| * [[Fatigue]], [[weight loss]]
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| * Limited ability to tolerate exercise
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * Teratomas belong to a class of tumors known as [[Nonseminoma|nonseminomatous]] [[germ cell tumor]] (NSGCT).
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| * All tumors of this class are the result of abnormal development of [[pluripotent]] cells: [[Germ cell|germ cells]] and [[Embryo|embryonal cells]].
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| * Teratomas of embryonal origin are [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]; teratomas of germ cell origin may or may not be congenital (this is not known).
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| * Embryonal teratomas most commonly occur in the sacrococcygeal region: [[sacrococcygeal teratoma]] is the single most common tumor found in [[Infant|newborn babies]].
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * AFP
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| * MSAFP
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| * CT scans are often used to diagnose teratoma.
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| <br />
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * For malignant teratomas, usually, surgery is followed by chemotherapy.
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| * Teratomas that are in surgically inaccessible locations, or are very complex, or are likely to be malignant (due to late discovery and/or treatment) sometimes are treated first with chemotherapy.
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| The prognosis of teratoma depends on the following:
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| :* Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery.
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| :* The size and location of the tumor
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| :* The patient’s general health
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| :* Teratomas are not dangerous for the fetus unless there is either a [[Mass effect (medicine)|mass effect]] or a large amount of blood flow through the tumor (known as ''vascular steal''). The mass effect frequently consists of obstruction of normal passage of fluids from surrounding organs. The vascular steal can place a strain on the growing heart of the fetus, even resulting in heart failure, and thus must be monitored by fetal [[echocardiography]]. After surgery, there is a risk of regrowth in place, or in nearby organs [[Teratoma natural history#cite%20note-1|[1]]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" rowspan="1;"|
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| Extraembryonic
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| Coriocarcinoma
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| Yolk sac tumor
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| * On microscopic [[pathology]]
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| * Presence of Schiller-Duval bodies ([[yolk sac tumor]])
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| |}
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| <references />
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