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| ==Risk Factors== | | ==Risk Factors== |
| *[[Ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] tend to affect individuals with [[gonadal dysgenesis]] at a greater extent.<ref name="PleskacovaHersmus2010">{{cite journal|last1=Pleskacova|first1=J.|last2=Hersmus|first2=R.|last3=Oosterhuis|first3=J.W.|last4=Setyawati|first4=B.A.|last5=Faradz|first5=S.M.|last6=Cools|first6=M.|last7=Wolffenbuttel|first7=K.P.|last8=Lebl|first8=J.|last9=Drop|first9=S.L.|last10=Looijenga|first10=L.H.|title=Tumor Risk in Disorders of Sex Development|journal=Sexual Development|volume=4|issue=4-5|year=2010|pages=259–269|issn=1661-5433|doi=10.1159/000314536}}</ref>
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| *[[Maternal]] [[hormonal]] factors are another things associated with the increased [[Risk factors|risk]] of the [[development]] of [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] in daughters. These factors include:<ref name="SharpeSkakkebaek2008">{{cite journal|last1=Sharpe|first1=Richard M.|last2=Skakkebaek|first2=Niels E.|title=Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: mechanistic insights and potential new downstream effects|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=89|issue=2|year=2008|pages=e33–e38|issn=00150282|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.026}}</ref><ref name="SkakkebækRajpert-De Meyts2001">{{cite journal|last1=Skakkebæk|first1=N.E.|last2=Rajpert-De Meyts|first2=E.|last3=Main|first3=K.M.|title=Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion|journal=Human Reproduction|volume=16|issue=5|year=2001|pages=972–978|issn=1460-2350|doi=10.1093/humrep/16.5.972}}</ref><ref name="pmid3390378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker AH, Ross RK, Haile RW, Henderson BE |title=Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=418–22 |date=April 1988 |pmid=3390378 |pmc=2246577 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| | ==References== |
| **[[Maternal]] use of exogenous [[hormones]] (ie, supportive [[hormones]] or [[oral contraceptives]])
| | {{reflist|2}} |
| **[[Maternal]] high [[body mass index]]
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| *Other [[reproductive]] factors also has been observed to be associated with the [[development]] of these [[tumors]] such as:
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| **[[Parity]]
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| **[[Oral contraceptive]] use
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| **Age at first and last births
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| ===Mature teratoma===
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| *Common [[risk factors]] in the [[malignant transformation]] of [[Mature cystic teratoma|mature teratoma]] include:
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| ** Old age (> 50 years old)<ref name="pmid19038764">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hackethal A, Brueggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Franke FE, Tinneberg HR, Münstedt K |title=Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: systematic review and analysis of published data |journal=Lancet Oncol. |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=1173–80 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19038764 |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70306-1 |url=}}</ref>
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| ** Large [[tumor]] size (> 10 cm)
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| ** Presence of a [[solid]] portion<ref name="ParkKim2008">{{cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Jeong-Yeol|last2=Kim|first2=Dae-Yeon|last3=Kim|first3=Jong-Hyeok|last4=Kim|first4=Yong-Man|last5=Kim|first5=Young-Tak|last6=Nam|first6=Joo-Hyun|title=Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: Experience at a single institution|journal=European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology|volume=141|issue=2|year=2008|pages=173–178|issn=03012115|doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.032}}</ref>
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| ===Dysgerminoma===
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| *Common [[risk factors]] in the [[development]] of [[dysgerminoma]] are [[gonadal dysgenesis]], [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]] and [[gonadoblastoma]].<ref name="wqd">{{cite book | last = Kliegman | first = Robert | title = Nelson textbook of pediatrics | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4377-0755-7 }}</ref>
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