Lipoid pneumonia causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
Vaping is a common cause of [[lipoid pneumonia]]. Occupationally related [[lipoid pneumonia]] is seen in fire-eaters(caused by Kedran oil). Some trivial habits such as: Use of oil-based [[laxatives]], lip balm, lip gloss [[petroleum jelly]] play a role in [[lipoid pneumonia]] development. Siphoning various mineral oils such as [[diesel]] is another common risk factor especially in India may be another causetive factor.
 
== Exogenous lipoid Pneumonia Causes ==
OR
 
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
 
OR
 
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
 
OR


The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
=== Common Causes ===


==Causes==
* Vaping is a common cause of [[lipoid pneumonia]]:<ref name="GondouinManzoni1996">{{cite journal|last1=Gondouin|first1=A.|last2=Manzoni|first2=Ph.|last3=Ranfaing|first3=E.|last4=Brun|first4=J.|last5=Cadranel|first5=J.|last6=Sadoun|first6=D.|last7=Cordier|first7=J.F.|last8=Depierre|first8=A.|last9=Dalphin|first9=J.C.|title=Exogenous lipid pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study of 44 cases in France|journal=European Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=7|year=1996|pages=1463–1469|issn=00000000|doi=10.1183/09031936.96.09071463}}</ref><ref name="MeltzerGuranda2005">{{cite journal|last1=Meltzer|first1=E.|last2=Guranda|first2=L.|last3=Perelman|first3=M.|last4=Krupsky|first4=M.|last5=Vassilenko|first5=L.|last6=Sidi|first6=Y.|title=Lipoid pneumonia: A preventable form of drug-induced lung injury|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=16|issue=8|year=2005|pages=615–617|issn=09536205|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2005.06.014}}</ref><ref name="urlOutbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6836e1.htm |title=Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 &#124; MMWR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
===Life-threatening Causes===
** E-cigarets and vapes use an [[oily]] juice as their source.
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
** Heating the [[oil]] makes the smoke.
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
** They can be used as [[THC]] or other drug smoking material.
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
** There is a high association between [[THC]] or other highly concentrated oil juice material with [[lipoid pneumonia]].
* Occupationally related [[lipoid pneumonia]] is seen in fire-eaters(caused by Kedran oil).<ref name="KitchenO'Brien2008">{{cite journal|last1=Kitchen|first1=J M|last2=O'Brien|first2=D E|last3=McLaughlin|first3=A M|title=Perils of fire eating|journal=Thorax|volume=63|issue=5|year=2008|pages=401–401|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.2007.090001}}</ref><ref name="Seaton2010">{{cite journal|last1=Seaton|first1=A.|title=Lipoid pneumonia in a fire breather|journal=Occupational Medicine|volume=60|issue=5|year=2010|pages=406–406|issn=0962-7480|doi=10.1093/occmed/kqq094}}</ref>


===Common Causes===
=== Less common causes ===
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]


* Some trivial habits such as:<ref name="Spickard1994">{{cite journal|last1=Spickard|first1=Anderson|title=Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=154|issue=6|year=1994|pages=686|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1994.00420060122013}}</ref><ref name="HaddaKhilnani2009">{{cite journal|last1=Hadda|first1=Vijay|last2=Khilnani|first2=Gopi C|last3=Bhalla|first3=Ashu S|last4=Mathur|first4=Sandeep|title=Lipoid pneumonia presenting as non resolving community acquired pneumonia: a case report|journal=Cases Journal|volume=2|issue=1|year=2009|pages=9332|issn=1757-1626|doi=10.1186/1757-1626-2-9332}}</ref>
** Use of oil-based [[laxatives]]
** Lip balm
** Lip gloss
** [[Petroleum jelly]]
* Siphoning various mineral oils such as [[diesel]] is another common risk factor especially in India.
* Forceful animal fat feeding such as 'Ghee' is another common cause among Indians.
* Exogenous [[lipid]] could be [[Aspirate|aspirated]] through these mechanisms


OR
=== Genetic causes ===


* There is no reported genetic causes for exogenous lipoid pneumonia.<ref name="pmid30996383">{{cite journal| author=Lu M, Yan W, Zhu X, Zhu H| title=[Exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by long-term usage of compound menthol nasal drops: a case report]. | journal=Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban | year= 2019 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 359-361 | pmid=30996383 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30996383  }}</ref>


*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
=== [[Aspiration]] causes ===
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].


===Less Common Causes===
* Incompetent [[swallowing]] mechanism, such as in neurological disease (a common cause being [[Cerebrovascular accident|strokes]]) or while a person is [[Drunkenness|intoxicated]].
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
* [[Iatrogenic]] causes such as [[general anaesthesia]] for an [[Surgery|operation]]. Patients are therefore instructed to be "not permitted orally" (NPO) for at least four hours before surgery.
*[Cause1]
** Exogenous [[lipoid pneumonia]] could be an [[iatrogenic]] outcome of [[bronchoscopy]] with propylidone dye.
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]


===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
== Exogenous lipoid Pneumonia Causes ==
*Vaping is a common cause of [[lipoid pneumonia]]<ref name="GondouinManzoni1996">{{cite journal|last1=Gondouin|first1=A.|last2=Manzoni|first2=Ph.|last3=Ranfaing|first3=E.|last4=Brun|first4=J.|last5=Cadranel|first5=J.|last6=Sadoun|first6=D.|last7=Cordier|first7=J.F.|last8=Depierre|first8=A.|last9=Dalphin|first9=J.C.|title=Exogenous lipid pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study of 44 cases in France|journal=European Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=7|year=1996|pages=1463–1469|issn=00000000|doi=10.1183/09031936.96.09071463}}</ref><ref name="MeltzerGuranda2005">{{cite journal|last1=Meltzer|first1=E.|last2=Guranda|first2=L.|last3=Perelman|first3=M.|last4=Krupsky|first4=M.|last5=Vassilenko|first5=L.|last6=Sidi|first6=Y.|title=Lipoid pneumonia: A preventable form of drug-induced lung injury|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=16|issue=8|year=2005|pages=615–617|issn=09536205|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2005.06.014}}</ref><ref name="urlOutbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6836e1.htm |title=Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 &#124; MMWR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>:
**E-cigarets and vapes use an oily juice as their source.
**Heating the [[oil]] makes the smoke.
**They can be used as [[THC]] or other drug smoking material.
**There is a high association between [[THC]] or other highly concentrated oil juice material with [[lipoid pneumonia]].
*Occupationally related lipoid pneumonia is seen in fire-eaters(caused by Kedran oil)<ref name="KitchenO'Brien2008">{{cite journal|last1=Kitchen|first1=J M|last2=O'Brien|first2=D E|last3=McLaughlin|first3=A M|title=Perils of fire eating|journal=Thorax|volume=63|issue=5|year=2008|pages=401–401|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.2007.090001}}</ref><ref name="Seaton2010">{{cite journal|last1=Seaton|first1=A.|title=Lipoid pneumonia in a fire breather|journal=Occupational Medicine|volume=60|issue=5|year=2010|pages=406–406|issn=0962-7480|doi=10.1093/occmed/kqq094}}</ref>
*Some trivial habits such as<ref name="Spickard1994">{{cite journal|last1=Spickard|first1=Anderson|title=Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=154|issue=6|year=1994|pages=686|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1994.00420060122013}}</ref>:
**Use of oil-based [[laxatives]]
**Lip balm
**Lip gloss
**[[Petroleum jelly]]
*Siphoning various mineral oils such as [[diesel]] is another common risk factor especially in India.
*Forceful animal fat feeding such as 'Ghee' is another common cause among Indians.
*Exogenous [[lipid]] could be [[Aspirate|aspirated]] through these mechanisms
**Incompetent [[swallowing]] mechanism, such as in neurological disease (a common cause being [[Cerebrovascular accident|strokes]]) or while a person is [[Drunkenness|intoxicated]].
**[[Iatrogenic]] causes such as [[general anaesthesia]] for an [[Surgery|operation]]. Patients are therefore instructed to be [[nil per os]] (NPO) for at least four hours before surgery.
***Exogenous [[lipoid pneumonia]] could be an [[iatrogenic]] outcome of [[bronchoscopy]] with propylidone dye.
* Drug Side Effect:
* Drug Side Effect:
** [[Blinatumomab]]
** [[Blinatumomab]]
Line 70: Line 44:
** [[Dornase Alfa]]
** [[Dornase Alfa]]
** [[Enfuvirtide]]
** [[Enfuvirtide]]
** [[ethanolamine oleate]]
** [[Ethanolamine oleate]]
** [[Felbamate]]
** [[Felbamate]]
** [[Iloperidone]]
** [[Iloperidone]]
** [[interferon alfacon-1]]
** [[Interferon alfacon-1]]
** [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]]
** [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]]
== Endogenous lipoid Pneumonia Causes ==
* Most common cause of endogenous [[lipoid pneumonia]] pre-existing conditions such as:<ref name="GaerteMeyer2002">{{cite journal|last1=Gaerte|first1=Scott C.|last2=Meyer|first2=Cristopher A.|last3=Winer-Muram|first3=Helen T.|last4=Tarver|first4=Robert D.|last5=Conces|first5=Dewey J.|title=Fat-containing Lesions of the Chest|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=22|issue=suppl_1|year=2002|pages=S61–S78|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc08s61}}</ref><ref name="AuLie2007">{{cite journal|last1=Au|first1=W.Y.|last2=Lie|first2=A.K.|last3=Cheng|first3=V.C.C.|last4=Cheng|first4=L.C.|last5=Wang|first5=E.P.|last6=Wong|first6=C.F.|title=Successful Lung Transplantation for Post-BMT Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Lipoid Pneumonia Associated with Atypical Mycobacterium and Aspergillosis Infection|journal=The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation|volume=26|issue=8|year=2007|pages=870–872|issn=10532498|doi=10.1016/j.healun.2007.05.015}}</ref><ref name="BerghausHaeckel2007">{{cite journal|last1=Berghaus|first1=Thomas M|last2=Haeckel|first2=Thomas|last3=Wagner|first3=Theodor|last4=von Scheidt|first4=Wolfgang|last5=Schwaiblmair|first5=Martin G|title=Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis|journal=The Lancet|volume=369|issue=9567|year=2007|pages=1140|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60530-3}}</ref><ref name="NicholsonWells2002">{{cite journal|last1=Nicholson|first1=Andrew G.|last2=Wells|first2=Athol U.|last3=Hooper|first3=James|last4=Hansell|first4=David M.|last5=Kelleher|first5=Andrea|last6=Morgan|first6=Cliff|title=Successful Treatment of Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia due to Niemann–Pick Type B Disease with Whole-Lung Lavage|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=165|issue=1|year=2002|pages=128–131|issn=1073-449X|doi=10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2103113}}</ref><ref name="ItohSegawa2009">{{cite journal|last1=Itoh|first1=Yasushi|last2=Segawa|first2=Hidekazu|last3=Kito|first3=Katsuyuki|last4=Hodohara|first4=Keiko|last5=Ishigaki|first5=Hirohito|last6=Sugihara|first6=Hiroyuki|last7=Fujiyama|first7=Yoshihide|last8=Ogasawara|first8=Kazumasa|title=Lipoid pneumonia with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia|journal=Pathology - Research and Practice|volume=205|issue=2|year=2009|pages=143–147|issn=03440338|doi=10.1016/j.prp.2008.07.013}}</ref><ref name="SpaldingCambria2009">{{cite journal|last1=Spalding|first1=Steven J|last2=Cambria|first2=Marnie|last3=Arkachaisri|first3=Thaschawee|title=Distinguishing Wegener's granulomatosis from necrotizing community acquired pneumonia: A case report and comparison of radiographic findings|journal=Pediatric Pulmonology|volume=44|issue=2|year=2009|pages=195–197|issn=87556863|doi=10.1002/ppul.20959}}</ref><ref name="pmid11208509">{{cite journal| author=Barta Z, Szabo GG, Bruckner G, Szegedi G| title=Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). | journal=Med Sci Monit | year= 2001 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 134-6 | pmid=11208509 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11208509  }}</ref>
**Endogenous lipid pneumonia is a direct consequence of [[bronchial]] obstruction:
*** The main reason is [[non-small cell carcinoma]].
** Endogenous [[lipid pneumonia]] can occure as manifestation of [[infection]] or other diseases with no [[obstruction]].
** Endogenous [[lipoid pneumonia]] has been observed in association with [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis|alveolar proteinosis]].
***[[Alveolar proteinosis]] is filling the [[alveoli]] with protein and [[lipid]] resembling [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant]].
*** It manifest as ground-glass capacities and crazy-paving pattern on CT scan
**[[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-pick]] disease
**[[Sclerosing cholangitis]]
**[[Bronchiolitis obliterans|Bronchiolitis oblitera]]
** Nercotizing granulomatosis
**[[Connective tissue disease]]
[[File:PMC5065644 gr2.png|center|thumb|Ground-glass attenuation in alveolar proteinosis of lipoid pneumonia.(Tomoaki Hoshino et al)<ref name="KatsumiTominaga2016">{{cite journal|last1=Katsumi|first1=Hidenori|last2=Tominaga|first2=Masaki|last3=Tajiri|first3=Morihiro|last4=Shimizu|first4=Shigeki|last5=Sakazaki|first5=Yuki|last6=Kinoshita|first6=Takashi|last7=Okamoto|first7=Masaki|last8=Kawayama|first8=Tomotaka|last9=Hoshino|first9=Tomoaki|title=A case of lipoid pneumonia caused by inhalation of vaporized paraffin from burning candles|journal=Respiratory Medicine Case Reports|volume=19|year=2016|pages=166–168|issn=22130071|doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.10.001}}</ref>]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| petroleum jelly
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Oil based luxatives
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Oil based prescriptions
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| solid tumors
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Vaping with oily juice
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
*  
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>
</div>


Latest revision as of 23:57, 29 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]

Overview

Vaping is a common cause of lipoid pneumonia. Occupationally related lipoid pneumonia is seen in fire-eaters(caused by Kedran oil). Some trivial habits such as: Use of oil-based laxatives, lip balm, lip gloss petroleum jelly play a role in lipoid pneumonia development. Siphoning various mineral oils such as diesel is another common risk factor especially in India may be another causetive factor.

Exogenous lipoid Pneumonia Causes

Common Causes

  • Vaping is a common cause of lipoid pneumonia:[1][2][3]
    • E-cigarets and vapes use an oily juice as their source.
    • Heating the oil makes the smoke.
    • They can be used as THC or other drug smoking material.
    • There is a high association between THC or other highly concentrated oil juice material with lipoid pneumonia.
  • Occupationally related lipoid pneumonia is seen in fire-eaters(caused by Kedran oil).[4][5]

Less common causes

  • Some trivial habits such as:[6][7]
  • Siphoning various mineral oils such as diesel is another common risk factor especially in India.
  • Forceful animal fat feeding such as 'Ghee' is another common cause among Indians.
  • Exogenous lipid could be aspirated through these mechanisms

Genetic causes

  • There is no reported genetic causes for exogenous lipoid pneumonia.[8]

Aspiration causes

Endogenous lipoid Pneumonia Causes

Ground-glass attenuation in alveolar proteinosis of lipoid pneumonia.(Tomoaki Hoshino et al)[16]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning petroleum jelly
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Oil based luxatives
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Oil based prescriptions
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic solid tumors
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Vaping with oily juice

References

  1. ↑ Gondouin, A.; Manzoni, Ph.; Ranfaing, E.; Brun, J.; Cadranel, J.; Sadoun, D.; Cordier, J.F.; Depierre, A.; Dalphin, J.C. (1996). "Exogenous lipid pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study of 44 cases in France". European Respiratory Journal. 9 (7): 1463–1469. doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09071463. ISSN 0000-0000.
  2. ↑ Meltzer, E.; Guranda, L.; Perelman, M.; Krupsky, M.; Vassilenko, L.; Sidi, Y. (2005). "Lipoid pneumonia: A preventable form of drug-induced lung injury". European Journal of Internal Medicine. 16 (8): 615–617. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2005.06.014. ISSN 0953-6205.
  3. ↑ "Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR".
  4. ↑ Kitchen, J M; O'Brien, D E; McLaughlin, A M (2008). "Perils of fire eating". Thorax. 63 (5): 401–401. doi:10.1136/thx.2007.090001. ISSN 0040-6376.
  5. ↑ Seaton, A. (2010). "Lipoid pneumonia in a fire breather". Occupational Medicine. 60 (5): 406–406. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqq094. ISSN 0962-7480.
  6. ↑ Spickard, Anderson (1994). "Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia". Archives of Internal Medicine. 154 (6): 686. doi:10.1001/archinte.1994.00420060122013. ISSN 0003-9926.
  7. ↑ Hadda, Vijay; Khilnani, Gopi C; Bhalla, Ashu S; Mathur, Sandeep (2009). "Lipoid pneumonia presenting as non resolving community acquired pneumonia: a case report". Cases Journal. 2 (1): 9332. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-2-9332. ISSN 1757-1626.
  8. ↑ Lu M, Yan W, Zhu X, Zhu H (2019). "[Exogenous lipoid pneumonia induced by long-term usage of compound menthol nasal drops: a case report]". Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 51 (2): 359–361. PMID 30996383.
  9. ↑ Gaerte, Scott C.; Meyer, Cristopher A.; Winer-Muram, Helen T.; Tarver, Robert D.; Conces, Dewey J. (2002). "Fat-containing Lesions of the Chest". RadioGraphics. 22 (suppl_1): S61–S78. doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc08s61. ISSN 0271-5333.
  10. ↑ Au, W.Y.; Lie, A.K.; Cheng, V.C.C.; Cheng, L.C.; Wang, E.P.; Wong, C.F. (2007). "Successful Lung Transplantation for Post-BMT Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Lipoid Pneumonia Associated with Atypical Mycobacterium and Aspergillosis Infection". The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 26 (8): 870–872. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2007.05.015. ISSN 1053-2498.
  11. ↑ Berghaus, Thomas M; Haeckel, Thomas; Wagner, Theodor; von Scheidt, Wolfgang; Schwaiblmair, Martin G (2007). "Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis". The Lancet. 369 (9567): 1140. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60530-3. ISSN 0140-6736.
  12. ↑ Nicholson, Andrew G.; Wells, Athol U.; Hooper, James; Hansell, David M.; Kelleher, Andrea; Morgan, Cliff (2002). "Successful Treatment of Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia due to Niemann–Pick Type B Disease with Whole-Lung Lavage". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 165 (1): 128–131. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2103113. ISSN 1073-449X.
  13. ↑ Itoh, Yasushi; Segawa, Hidekazu; Kito, Katsuyuki; Hodohara, Keiko; Ishigaki, Hirohito; Sugihara, Hiroyuki; Fujiyama, Yoshihide; Ogasawara, Kazumasa (2009). "Lipoid pneumonia with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia". Pathology - Research and Practice. 205 (2): 143–147. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2008.07.013. ISSN 0344-0338.
  14. ↑ Spalding, Steven J; Cambria, Marnie; Arkachaisri, Thaschawee (2009). "Distinguishing Wegener's granulomatosis from necrotizing community acquired pneumonia: A case report and comparison of radiographic findings". Pediatric Pulmonology. 44 (2): 195–197. doi:10.1002/ppul.20959. ISSN 8755-6863.
  15. ↑ Barta Z, Szabo GG, Bruckner G, Szegedi G (2001). "Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)". Med Sci Monit. 7 (1): 134–6. PMID 11208509.
  16. ↑ Katsumi, Hidenori; Tominaga, Masaki; Tajiri, Morihiro; Shimizu, Shigeki; Sakazaki, Yuki; Kinoshita, Takashi; Okamoto, Masaki; Kawayama, Tomotaka; Hoshino, Tomoaki (2016). "A case of lipoid pneumonia caused by inhalation of vaporized paraffin from burning candles". Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 19: 166–168. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.10.001. ISSN 2213-0071.

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