Laryngitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Overview

Laryngitis may be the result of infectious or noninfectious causes. The most common causes of laryngitis are due to viral infections, and include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Common bacterial causes of laryngitis include Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes of laryngitis include anthrax. Life-threatening causes may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Common causes of laryngitis include:

• Adenovirus
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Herpes zoster
• Influenza
• Measles
• Mumps
• Parainfluenza virus
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Rhinovirus
• Staphylococcus aureus

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Pneumomediastinum
Chemical/Poisoning	Acrylic acid, irritants
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Bejel, epidermolysis bullosa, leprosy, mumps, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect	Acitretin, albuterol, atropine, azelastine, azithromycin, capecitabine, celecoxib, clomipramine, dinoprostone, dornase alfa, estazolam, eszopiclone, fentanyl, flunisolide, fluticasone, fluvoxamine, frovatriptan, gentian violet, golimumab, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, ixabepilone, lisinopril, mirtazapine, pentamidine, pulmozyme, raloxifene, rifapentine, sibutramine, sildenafil, tacrolimus, tiagabine, tiotropium, tobramycin, tolcapone, venlafaxine, zaleplon
Ear Nose Throat	Cochlear implant, empty nose syndrome, laryngotracheitis
Endocrine	Amyloidosis
Environmental	Pollution
Gastroenterologic	Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Genetic	Epidermolysis bullosa
Hematologic	MALT lymphoma
Iatrogenic	Radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), adenovirus, aspergillosis, bejel, blastomycosis, bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, candida, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, common cold, croup, epiglottitis, excessive coughing, flu, group B streptococcal infection, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus infection, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, human metapneumovirus, influenza, laryngotracheitis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, measles, moraxella catarrhalis, mumps, mycobacterium leprae, obstructive laryngitis, paracoccidioidomycosis, parainfluenza virus, pemphigus, pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoscleroma, rhinovirus, sporotrichosis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis, treponema pallidum, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Amyloidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	MALT lymphoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute bronchitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), bordetella pertussis, bronchitis, common cold, croup, excessive coughing, laryngotracheitis, obstructive laryngitis, pneumomediastinum, pneumonia, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection, Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Allergies, amyloidosis, relapsing polychondritis, selective IgA deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Injury, vocal trauma, voice misuse
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Voice misuse

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acitretin
• Acrylic acid
• Acute bronchitis
• Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)
• Adenovirus
• Albuterol
• Allergies
• Amyloidosis
• Anthrax
• Aspergillosis
• Atropine
• Azelastine
• Azithromycin
• Barrett's esophagus
• Bejel
• Blastomycosis
• Bordetella pertussis
• Bronchitis
• Candida
• Capecitabine
• Celecoxib
• Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae
• Clomipramine
• Cochlear implant
• Common cold
• Croup
• Dinoprostone
• Dornase alfa
• Empty nose syndrome
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Epiglottitis
• Estazolam
• Eszopiclone
• Excessive coughing
• Fentanyl
• Flu
• Flunisolide
• Fluticasone
• Fluvoxamine
• Frovatriptan
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Gentian violet
• Golimumab
• Group B streptococcal infection
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Helicobacter pylori
• Herpes simplex virus infection
• Herpes zoster
• Histoplasmosis
• Human metapneumovirus
• Influenza
• Injury
• Interferon beta-1a
• Interferon beta-1b
• Irritants
• Ixabepilone
• Laryngotracheitis
• Leishmaniasis
• Leprosy
• Lisinopril
• MALT lymphoma
• Measles
• Mirtazapine
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Mumps
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Obstructive laryngitis
• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Parainfluenza virus
• Pemphigus
• Pentamidine
• Pneumomediastinum
• Pneumonia
• Pollution
• Pulmozyme
• Radiation therapy
• Raloxifene
• Relapsing polychondritis
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Rhinoscleroma
• Rhinovirus
• Rifapentine
• Selective IgA deficiency
• Sibutramine
• Sildenafil
• Sporotrichosis
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Syphilis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Tacrolimus
• Tiagabine
• Tiotropium
• Tobramycin
• Tolcapone
• Treponema pallidum
• Tuberculosis
• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Venlafaxine
• Vocal trauma
• Voice misuse
• Wegener granulomatosis
• Zaleplon