Pulmonary valve: Difference between revisions
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==Normal Anatomy== | ==Normal Anatomy== | ||
*Pulmonary valve is located at the distal part of the right ventricular outflow tract at the junction of the pulmonary artery.<ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, | *Pulmonary valve is located at the distal part of the right ventricular outflow tract at the junction of the pulmonary artery. | ||
*It is located anterior and superior to the aortic valve at the level of the third intercostal space and separated from the tricuspid valve by the infundibulum of the right ventricle. <ref name="pmid20435842">{{cite journal| author=Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO| title=Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2010 | volume= 85 | issue= 5 | pages= 483-500 | pmid=20435842 | doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0706 | pmc=2861980 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20435842 }} </ref> | |||
*It is comprised of three equal sized, semilunar cusps or leaflets (right, left, anterior), nomenclature based on the corresponding aortic valve. <ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Felt V, Nedvídková J, Hynie S, Mosinger B, Vavrinková M, Järvisalo J, Saris NE |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90009-x |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Robinson JV, James AL, Sondén A, Rocksén D, Riddez L, Davidsson J, Persson JK, Gryth D, Bursell J, Arborelius UP, Ehrhart IC, Parker PE, Weidner WJ, Dabney JM, Scott JB, Haddy FJ, Meyer WJ, Gidwitz S, Ayers VK, Schoepp RJ, Johnston RE |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5b0e1 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*The three cusps are joined by [[commissures]] and the [[Cusps of heart valves|cusps]] are thinner when compared to the aortic valve, due to a low pressure in the right ventricle.<ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Raffle A, Gray J, MacDonald HR, Flohr H, Breull W, Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN, Horváth I, Arányi P, Náray A, Földes I, Gyuris A |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.6001.93-a |url=}}</ref> | *The three cusps are joined by [[commissures]] and the [[Cusps of heart valves|cusps]] are thinner when compared to the aortic valve, due to a low pressure in the right ventricle.<ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Raffle A, Gray J, MacDonald HR, Flohr H, Breull W, Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN, Horváth I, Arányi P, Náray A, Földes I, Gyuris A |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.6001.93-a |url=}}</ref> | ||
*The area of the valve is related to body surface area and men usually have greater valve area when compared with women.<ref name=" | *The area of the valve is related to body surface area and men usually have greater valve area when compared with women. | ||
*The | *The normal orifice area is approximately around 3cm². <ref name="pmid16027271">{{cite journal| author=Carabello BA| title=Modern management of mitral stenosis. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 112 | issue= 3 | pages= 432-7 | pmid=16027271 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.532498 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16027271 }} </ref> | ||
*The pulmonary valve opens in the right ventricular [[systole]] allowing the deoxygenated blood to be delivered to the lungs. <ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Fleet GH, Phaff HJ, van Dam-Mieras MC, Slotboom AJ, Pieterson WA, de Haas GH |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1016/0005-2744(75)90234-x |url=}}</ref> | |||
*During the right ventricular [[diastole]] the pulmonary valves close completely to prevent regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle. | *During the right ventricular [[diastole]] the pulmonary valves close completely to prevent regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle.<ref name="pmid10">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Tarentino AL, Maley F, Korelitz BI, Sommers SC, Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |date=September 1975 |pmid=10 |pmc=5922622 |doi=10.1016/0006-291x(75)90337-x |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords: Pulmonic valve
Overview
The pulmonary valve is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.
Similar to the aortic valve, the pulmonic valve opens in ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonic valve.
The closure of the pulmonic valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound (S2).
The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation.
Normal Anatomy
- Pulmonary valve is located at the distal part of the right ventricular outflow tract at the junction of the pulmonary artery.
- It is located anterior and superior to the aortic valve at the level of the third intercostal space and separated from the tricuspid valve by the infundibulum of the right ventricle. [1]
- It is comprised of three equal sized, semilunar cusps or leaflets (right, left, anterior), nomenclature based on the corresponding aortic valve. [2] [2]
- The three cusps are joined by commissures and the cusps are thinner when compared to the aortic valve, due to a low pressure in the right ventricle.[2]
- The area of the valve is related to body surface area and men usually have greater valve area when compared with women.
- The normal orifice area is approximately around 3cm². [3]
- The pulmonary valve opens in the right ventricular systole allowing the deoxygenated blood to be delivered to the lungs. [2]
- During the right ventricular diastole the pulmonary valves close completely to prevent regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle.[2]
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Interior of right side of heart.
Congenital Abnormalities
Related Chapters
- ↑ Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Felt V, Nedvídková J, Hynie S, Mosinger B, Vavrinková M, Järvisalo J, Saris NE (September 1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem. Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(75)90009-x. PMC 5922622. PMID 10.
- ↑ Carabello BA (2005). "Modern management of mitral stenosis". Circulation. 112 (3): 432–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.532498. PMID 16027271.