Long QT syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Long QT syndrome}}
{{Long QT syndrome}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
Long QT syndrome is a congenital disease resulting from abnormalities in the ion channels of the heart.  Long QT syndrome should be differentiated from secondary QT prolongation. There are multiple causes of secondary QT prolongation that are distinct from long QT syndrome such as drugs (anti-arrhythmic drugs, anti-psychotic drugs), electrolyte disturbances  ([[hyperkalaemia]], [[hypocalcaemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalaemia]], and [[hypomagnesemia]]), neurologic events such as [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]], and [[anorexia nervosa]].
 
OR
 
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
 
OR
 
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
 
OR
 
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
 
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].


==Causes of QT Prolongation==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
====Drugs====
*[Cause1]
Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by [[Antiarrhythmic agent|anti-arrhythmic]] drugs  or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. [[cisapride]]).  Some [[anti-psychotic]] drugs, such as [[Haloperidol]] and [[Ziprasidone]], have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation.
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]


====Long QT Syndrome====
Genetic abnormalities cause the [[Long QT Syndrome]].


OR
====Electrolyte Disturbances====
Electrolyte disturbances such as [[hyperkalaemia]], [[hypocalcaemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalaemia]], and [[hypomagnesemia]] can cause QT prolongation.


====Neurologic Events====
[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] and other intracranial events can cause QT prolongation.  Widely slayed [[cerebral T waves]] are often seen as well.


*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
====Anorexia Nervosa====
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
[[Anorexia nervosa]] and [[starvation]] can cause QT prolongation.
 
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
 
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===


{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Ischaemic heart disease]], [[Long QT syndrome]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenicals]], [[cesium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 65: Line 39:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alimemazine]], [[Almokalant]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asenapine]], [[Astemizole]], [[Azimilide]], [[Azithromycin]], [[Bepridil]], [[Bretylium]], [[Budipine]], [[Chloroquine]], [[Cibenzoline]], [[Cisapride]], [[Citalopram]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diphenhydramine]], [[Disopyramide]], [[Dofetilide]], [[Dolasetron]], [[Doxepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Droperidol]], [[Eribulin mesylate]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Grepafloxacin]], [[Halofantrine]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Ibutilide]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Ketanserin]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lidoflazine]], [[Lubeluzole]], [[Methadone]], [[Methadyl acetate]], [[Midodrine]], [[Mizolastine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Naratriptan]], [[Nicardipine]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Pasireotide]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pimozide]], [[Piperaquine]], [[Prenylamine]], [[Probucol]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propoxyphene]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinine]], [[Ranolazine]], [[Retigabine]], [[Ritodrine]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Sertindole]], [[Sotalol]], [[Sparfloxacin]], [[Tedisamil]], [[Telavancin hydrochloride]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Terfenadine]], [[Terodiline]], [[Tetrabenazine]], [[Thioridazine]], [[Vandetanib]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Vernakalant]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Vorinostat]], [[Ziprasidone]], [[Zotepine]], [[Zuclopenthixol]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothyroidism]]
|-
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Zero gravity]], [[cesium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 85: Line 59:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Long QT syndrome]], [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 93: Line 67:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cesium]] poisoning
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 100: Line 74:
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]],  [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute starvation]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Cesium]], [[Hyperkalaemia]], [[Hypocalcaemia]], [[Hypoglycaemia]], [[Hypokalaemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 120: Line 94:
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alimemazine]], [[Almokalant]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amitriptyline]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Asenapine]], [[Astemizole]], [[Azimilide]], [[Azithromycin]], [[Bepridil]], [[Bretylium]], [[Budipine]], [[Cesium]], [[Chloroquine]], [[Cibenzoline]], [[Cisapride]], [[Citalopram]], [[Clomipramine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Desipramine]], [[Diphenhydramine]], [[Disopyramide]], [[Dofetilide]], [[Dolasetron]], [[Doxepin]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Droperidol]], [[Eribulin mesylate]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Grepafloxacin]], [[Halofantrine]], [[Haloperidol]], [[Ibutilide]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Ketanserin]], [[Ketoconazole]], [[Lidoflazine]], [[Lubeluzole]], [[Methadone]], [[Methadyl acetate]], [[Midodrine]], [[Mizolastine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Naratriptan]], [[Nicardipine]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Ondansetron]], [[Pasireotide]], [[Pazopanib]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pimozide]], [[Piperaquine]], [[Prenylamine]], [[Probucol]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propoxyphene]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinine]], [[Ranolazine]], [[Retigabine]], [[Ritodrine]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir]], [[Sertindole]], [[Sotalol]], [[Sparfloxacin]], [[Tedisamil]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Terfenadine]], [[Terodiline]], [[Tetrabenazine]], [[Thioridazine]], [[Vandetanib]], [[Vemurafenib]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Vernakalant]], [[Voriconazole]], [[Vorinostat]], [[Ziprasidone]], [[Zotepine]], [[Zuclopenthixol]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 136: Line 110:
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
Line 153: Line 127:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothermia]], [[Acute starvation]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
*[[Acute starvation]]
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
*[[Alimemazine]]
* Cause 1
*[[Almokalant]]
* Cause 2
*[[Amiodarone]]
* Cause 3
*[[Amitriptyline]]
* Cause 4
*[[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]]
* Cause 5
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
* Cause 6
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
* Cause 7
*[[Arsenicals]]
* Cause 8
*[[Asenapine]]
* Cause 9
*[[Astemizole]]
* Cause 10
*[[Azimilide]]
</div>
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bretylium]]
*[[Budipine]]
*[[Cesium]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Cibenzoline]]
*[[Cisapride]]
*[[Citalopram]]
*[[Clomipramine]]
*[[Clozapine]]
*[[Crizotinib]]
*[[Desipramine]]
*[[Diphenhydramine]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
*[[Dofetilide]]
*[[Dolasetron]]
*[[Doxepin]]
*[[Dronedarone]]
*[[Droperidol]]
*[[Eribulin mesylate]]
*[[Fluconazole]]
*[[Grepafloxacin]]
*[[Halofantrine]]
*[[Haloperidol]]
*[[Hyperkalaemia]]
*[[Hypocalcaemia]]
*[[Hypoglycaemia]]
*[[Hypokalaemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Ibutilide]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Indapamide]]
*[[Ischaemic heart disease]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*[[Ketanserin]]
*[[Ketoconazole]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Lidoflazine]]
*[[Lubeluzole]]
*[[Methadone]]
*[[Methadyl acetate]]
*[[Midodrine]]
*[[Mizolastine]]
*[[Moxifloxacin]]
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
*[[Naratriptan]]
*[[Nicardipine]]
*[[Nilotinib]]
*[[Ondansetron]]
*[[Pasireotide]]
*[[Pazopanib]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pimozide]]
*[[Piperaquine]]
*[[Prenylamine]]
*[[Probucol]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Propoxyphene]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[Ranolazine]]
*[[Retigabine]]
*[[Ritodrine]]
*[[Ritonavir]]
*[[Romano-Ward syndrome]]
*[[Saquinavir]]
*[[Sertindole]]
*[[Sotalol]]
*[[Sparfloxacin]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Tedisamil]]
*[[Telavancin hydrochloride]]
*[[Telithromycin]]
*[[Terfenadine]]
*[[Terodiline]]
*[[Tetrabenazine]]
*[[Thioridazine]]
*[[Timothy syndrome]]
*[[Vandetanib]]
*[[Vemurafenib]]
*[[Venlafaxine]]
*[[Vernakalant]]
*[[Voriconazole]]
*[[Vorinostat]]
*[[Zero gravity]]
*[[Ziprasidone]]
*[[Zotepine]]
*[[Zuclopenthixol]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:58, 13 April 2020

Template:Long QT syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Long QT syndrome is a congenital disease resulting from abnormalities in the ion channels of the heart. Long QT syndrome should be differentiated from secondary QT prolongation. There are multiple causes of secondary QT prolongation that are distinct from long QT syndrome such as drugs (anti-arrhythmic drugs, anti-psychotic drugs), electrolyte disturbances (hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesemia), neurologic events such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anorexia nervosa.

Causes of QT Prolongation

Common Causes

Drugs

Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by anti-arrhythmic drugs or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. cisapride). Some anti-psychotic drugs, such as Haloperidol and Ziprasidone, have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation.

Long QT Syndrome

Genetic abnormalities cause the Long QT Syndrome.

Electrolyte Disturbances

Electrolyte disturbances such as hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesemia can cause QT prolongation.

Neurologic Events

Subarachnoid hemorrhage and other intracranial events can cause QT prolongation. Widely slayed cerebral T waves are often seen as well.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa and starvation can cause QT prolongation.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Ischaemic heart disease, Long QT syndrome, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Romano-Ward syndrome, Timothy syndrome
Chemical / poisoning Arsenicals, cesium
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Alimemazine, Almokalant, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Arsenic trioxide, Asenapine, Astemizole, Azimilide, Azithromycin, Bepridil, Bretylium, Budipine, Chloroquine, Cibenzoline, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Desipramine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Eribulin mesylate, Fluconazole, Grepafloxacin, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Ibutilide, Imipramine, Indapamide, Ketanserin, Ketoconazole, Lidoflazine, Lubeluzole, Methadone, Methadyl acetate, Midodrine, Mizolastine, Moxifloxacin, Naratriptan, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Ondansetron, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Pimozide, Piperaquine, Prenylamine, Probucol, Procainamide, Propoxyphene, Quinidine, Quinine, Ranolazine, Retigabine, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Tedisamil, Telavancin hydrochloride, Telithromycin, Terfenadine, Terodiline, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Vernakalant, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, Zuclopenthixol
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hypothyroidism
Environmental Zero gravity, cesium
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Long QT syndrome, Myotonic dystrophy, Romano-Ward syndrome, Timothy syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Cesium poisoning
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Myotonic dystrophy, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Timothy syndrome
Neurologic Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nutritional / Metabolic Acute starvation, Anorexia nervosa, Cesium, Hyperkalaemia, Hypocalcaemia, Hypoglycaemia, Hypokalaemia, Hypomagnesemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Alimemazine, Almokalant, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Arsenic trioxide, Asenapine, Astemizole, Azimilide, Azithromycin, Bepridil, Bretylium, Budipine, Cesium, Chloroquine, Cibenzoline, Cisapride, Citalopram, Clomipramine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Desipramine, Diphenhydramine, Disopyramide, Dofetilide, Dolasetron, Doxepin, Dronedarone, Droperidol, Eribulin mesylate, Fluconazole, Grepafloxacin, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Ibutilide, Imipramine, Indapamide, Ketanserin, Ketoconazole, Lidoflazine, Lubeluzole, Methadone, Methadyl acetate, Midodrine, Mizolastine, Moxifloxacin, Naratriptan, Nicardipine, Nilotinib, Ondansetron, Pasireotide, Pazopanib, Pentamidine, Pimozide, Piperaquine, Prenylamine, Probucol, Procainamide, Propoxyphene, Quinidine, Quinine, Ranolazine, Retigabine, Ritodrine, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Sertindole, Sotalol, Sparfloxacin, Tedisamil, Telithromycin, Terfenadine, Terodiline, Tetrabenazine, Thioridazine, Vandetanib, Vemurafenib, Venlafaxine, Vernakalant, Voriconazole, Vorinostat, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, Zuclopenthixol
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, Timothy syndrome
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Hypothermia, Acute starvation

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

Template:WH Template:WS

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