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{{Premature ventricular contraction}}
{{Premature ventricular contraction}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Homa}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Homa}}{{Radwa}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ESC Guidelines Classification Scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ESC Guidelines Classification Scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki></nowiki>'''1.'''   [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] should be performed in [[patients]] in [[cardiac arrest]] according to published [[Basic life support|basic]] and [[advanced cardiovascular life support]] algorithms ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''.<ref name="LinkBerkow2015">{{cite journal|last1=Link|first1=Mark S.|last2=Berkow|first2=Lauren C.|last3=Kudenchuk|first3=Peter J.|last4=Halperin|first4=Henry R.|last5=Hess|first5=Erik P.|last6=Moitra|first6=Vivek K.|last7=Neumar|first7=Robert W.|last8=O’Neil|first8=Brian J.|last9=Paxton|first9=James H.|last10=Silvers|first10=Scott M.|last11=White|first11=Roger D.|last12=Yannopoulos|first12=Demetris|last13=Donnino|first13=Michael W.|title=Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support|journal=Circulation|volume=132|issue=18 suppl 2|year=2015|pages=S444–S464|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261}}</ref><ref name="StiellWells2004">{{cite journal|last1=Stiell|first1=Ian G.|last2=Wells|first2=George A.|last3=Field|first3=Brian|last4=Spaite|first4=Daniel W.|last5=Nesbitt|first5=Lisa P.|last6=De Maio|first6=Valerie J.|last7=Nichol|first7=Graham|last8=Cousineau|first8=Donna|last9=Blackburn|first9=Josée|last10=Munkley|first10=Doug|last11=Luinstra-Toohey|first11=Lorraine|last12=Campeau|first12=Tony|last13=Dagnone|first13=Eugene|last14=Lyver|first14=Marion|title=Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=351|issue=7|year=2004|pages=647–656|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa040325}}</ref><ref name="SassonRogers2010">{{cite journal|last1=Sasson|first1=Comilla|last2=Rogers|first2=Mary A.M.|last3=Dahl|first3=Jason|last4=Kellermann|first4=Arthur L.|title=Predictors of Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes|volume=3|issue=1|year=2010|pages=63–81|issn=1941-7713|doi=10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576}}</ref>
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki></nowiki>'''1.'''   In [[patients]] with [[ischemic heart disease]], who either survive [[Sudden cardiac arrest|SCA]] due to [[Ventricular tachycardia|VT]]/VF or experience hemodynamically [[Unstable ventricular tachycardia|unstable]] [[Ventricular tachycardia|VT]] ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])''<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Comparison of Antiarrhythmic-Drug Therapy with Implantable Defibrillators in Patients Resuscitated from Near-Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmias|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=337|issue=22|year=1997|pages=1576–1584|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199711273372202}}</ref><ref name="ConnollyGent2000">{{cite journal|last1=Connolly|first1=Stuart J.|last2=Gent|first2=Michael|last3=Roberts|first3=Robin S.|last4=Dorian|first4=Paul|last5=Roy|first5=Denis|last6=Sheldon|first6=Robert S.|last7=Mitchell|first7=L. Brent|last8=Green|first8=Martin S.|last9=Klein|first9=George J.|last10=O’Brien|first10=Bernard|title=Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS)|journal=Circulation|volume=101|issue=11|year=2000|pages=1297–1302|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.101.11.1297}}</ref><ref name="Connolly2000">{{cite journal|last1=Connolly|first1=S|title=Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=21|issue=24|year=2000|pages=2071–2078|issn=0195668X|doi=10.1053/euhj.2000.2476}}</ref><ref name="KuckCappato2000">{{cite journal|last1=Kuck|first1=Karl-Heinz|last2=Cappato|first2=Riccardo|last3=Siebels|first3=Jürgen|last4=Rüppel|first4=Rudolf|title=Randomized Comparison of Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy With Implantable Defibrillators in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest|journal=Circulation|volume=102|issue=7|year=2000|pages=748–754|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.102.7.748}}</ref> or stable sustained [[Ventricular tachycardia|VT]] ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])''<ref name="RaittRenfroe2001">{{cite journal|last1=Raitt|first1=Merritt H.|last2=Renfroe|first2=Ellen Graham|last3=Epstein|first3=Andrew E.|last4=McAnulty|first4=John H.|last5=Mounsey|first5=Paul|last6=Steinberg|first6=Jonathan S.|last7=Lancaster|first7=Scott E.|last8=Jadonath|first8=Ram L.|last9=Hallstrom|first9=Alfred P.|title=“Stable” Ventricular Tachycardia Is Not a Benign Rhythm|journal=Circulation|volume=103|issue=2|year=2001|pages=244–252|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.103.2.244}}</ref> not due to reversible [[causes]], an [[Implantable cardioverter defibrillator|ICD]] is recommended if meaningful [[Survival rate|survival]] greater than 1 year is expected.


'''2.'''  In [[patients]] with [[hemodynamically]] unstable [[Ventricular arrhythmia|VA]] that persist or recur after a maximal energy shock, [[intravenous]] [[amiodarone]] should be administered to attempt to achieve a stable [[rhythm]] after further [[defibrillation]] ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''. <ref name="LinkBerkow2015">{{cite journal|last1=Link|first1=Mark S.|last2=Berkow|first2=Lauren C.|last3=Kudenchuk|first3=Peter J.|last4=Halperin|first4=Henry R.|last5=Hess|first5=Erik P.|last6=Moitra|first6=Vivek K.|last7=Neumar|first7=Robert W.|last8=O’Neil|first8=Brian J.|last9=Paxton|first9=James H.|last10=Silvers|first10=Scott M.|last11=White|first11=Roger D.|last12=Yannopoulos|first12=Demetris|last13=Donnino|first13=Michael W.|title=Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support|journal=Circulation|volume=132|issue=18 suppl 2|year=2015|pages=S444–S464|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261}}</ref><ref name="DorianCass2002">{{cite journal|last1=Dorian|first1=Paul|last2=Cass|first2=Dan|last3=Schwartz|first3=Brian|last4=Cooper|first4=Richard|last5=Gelaznikas|first5=Robert|last6=Barr|first6=Aiala|title=Amiodarone as Compared with Lidocaine for Shock-Resistant Ventricular Fibrillation|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=346|issue=12|year=2002|pages=884–890|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013029}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
'''2.'''  A [[Transvenous cardiac pacemaker|transvenous ICD]] provides intermediate value in the [[secondary prevention]] of [[Sudden cardiac death|SCD]] particularly when the [[patient]]’s risk of death due to a [[Ventricular arrhythmia|VA]] is deemed high and the risk of nonarrhythmic death (either [[cardiac]] or non[[cardiac]]) is deemed low based on the [[patient]]’s burden of [[comorbidities]] and functional status ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])''.<ref name="OwensSanders2002">{{cite journal|last1=Owens|first1=Douglas K.|last2=Sanders|first2=Gillian D.|last3=Heidenreich|first3=Paul A.|last4=McDonald|first4=Kathryn M.|last5=Hlatky|first5=Mark A.|title=Effect of risk stratification on cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator|journal=American Heart Journal|volume=144|issue=3|year=2002|pages=440–448|issn=00028703|doi=10.1067/mhj.2002.125501}}</ref>
| author = [[P. J. Kudenchuk]], [[L. A. Cobb]], [[M. K. Copass]], [[R. O. Cummins]], [[A. M. Doherty]], [[C. E. Fahrenbruch]], [[A. P. Hallstrom]], [[W. A. Murray]], [[M. Olsufka]] & [[T. Walsh]]
| title = Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation
| journal = [[The New England journal of medicine]]
| volume = 341
| issue = 12
| pages = 871–878
| year = 1999
| month = September
| doi = 10.1056/NEJM199909163411203
| pmid = 10486418
}}</ref>


'''3.''' [[Patients]] presenting with [[Ventricular arrhythmia|VA]] with [[hemodynamic]] instability should undergo direct current [[cardioversion]] ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''.<ref name="LinkBerkow2015">{{cite journal|last1=Link|first1=Mark S.|last2=Berkow|first2=Lauren C.|last3=Kudenchuk|first3=Peter J.|last4=Halperin|first4=Henry R.|last5=Hess|first5=Erik P.|last6=Moitra|first6=Vivek K.|last7=Neumar|first7=Robert W.|last8=O’Neil|first8=Brian J.|last9=Paxton|first9=James H.|last10=Silvers|first10=Scott M.|last11=White|first11=Roger D.|last12=Yannopoulos|first12=Demetris|last13=Donnino|first13=Michael W.|title=Part 7: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support|journal=Circulation|volume=132|issue=18 suppl 2|year=2015|pages=S444–S464|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000261}}</ref><ref name="StiellWells2004">{{cite journal|last1=Stiell|first1=Ian G.|last2=Wells|first2=George A.|last3=Field|first3=Brian|last4=Spaite|first4=Daniel W.|last5=Nesbitt|first5=Lisa P.|last6=De Maio|first6=Valerie J.|last7=Nichol|first7=Graham|last8=Cousineau|first8=Donna|last9=Blackburn|first9=Josée|last10=Munkley|first10=Doug|last11=Luinstra-Toohey|first11=Lorraine|last12=Campeau|first12=Tony|last13=Dagnone|first13=Eugene|last14=Lyver|first14=Marion|title=Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=351|issue=7|year=2004|pages=647–656|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa040325}}</ref><ref name="SassonRogers2010">{{cite journal|last1=Sasson|first1=Comilla|last2=Rogers|first2=Mary A.M.|last3=Dahl|first3=Jason|last4=Kellermann|first4=Arthur L.|title=Predictors of Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes|volume=3|issue=1|year=2010|pages=63–81|issn=1941-7713|doi=10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576}}</ref>''<nowiki/>''
'''3.''' In [[patients]] with [[ischemic heart disease]] and unexplained [[syncope]] who have inducible sustained [[monomorphic VT]] on [[Electrophysiological|electrophysiological study]], an [[Implantable cardioverter defibrillator|ICD]] is recommended if meaningful [[Survival rates|survival]] of greater than 1 year is expected ''([[ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])''.<ref name="BassElson1988">{{cite journal|last1=Bass|first1=Eric B.|last2=Elson|first2=James J.|last3=Fogoros|first3=Richard N.|last4=Peterson|first4=Jacqueline|last5=Arena|first5=Vincent C.|last6=Kapoor|first6=Wishwa N.|title=Long-term prognosis of patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies for syncope of unknown origin|journal=The American Journal of Cardiology|volume=62|issue=17|year=1988|pages=1186–1191|issn=00029149|doi=10.1016/0002-9149(88)90257-3}}</ref>


''<nowiki/>''


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Latest revision as of 03:23, 15 July 2020

Premature ventricular contraction Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2] Radwa AbdElHaras Mohamed AbouZaied, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

Secondary Prevention

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include:

  • [Strategy 1]
  • [Strategy 2]
  • [Strategy 3]

Recommendations for Secondary Prevention of SCD in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Class I
1. In patients with ischemic heart disease, who either survive SCA due to VT/VF or experience hemodynamically unstable VT (Level of Evidence: B-R)[1][2][3][4] or stable sustained VT (Level of Evidence: B-NR)[5] not due to reversible causes, an ICD is recommended if meaningful survival greater than 1 year is expected.

2. A transvenous ICD provides intermediate value in the secondary prevention of SCD particularly when the patient’s risk of death due to a VA is deemed high and the risk of nonarrhythmic death (either cardiac or noncardiac) is deemed low based on the patient’s burden of comorbidities and functional status (Level of Evidence: B-R).[6]

3. In patients with ischemic heart disease and unexplained syncope who have inducible sustained monomorphic VT on electrophysiological study, an ICD is recommended if meaningful survival of greater than 1 year is expected (Level of Evidence: B-NR).[7]

References

  1. ↑ "A Comparison of Antiarrhythmic-Drug Therapy with Implantable Defibrillators in Patients Resuscitated from Near-Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmias". New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (22): 1576–1584. 1997. doi:10.1056/NEJM199711273372202. ISSN 0028-4793.
  2. ↑ Connolly, Stuart J.; Gent, Michael; Roberts, Robin S.; Dorian, Paul; Roy, Denis; Sheldon, Robert S.; Mitchell, L. Brent; Green, Martin S.; Klein, George J.; O’Brien, Bernard (2000). "Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS)". Circulation. 101 (11): 1297–1302. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.101.11.1297. ISSN 0009-7322.
  3. ↑ Connolly, S (2000). "Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials". European Heart Journal. 21 (24): 2071–2078. doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2476. ISSN 0195-668X.
  4. ↑ Kuck, Karl-Heinz; Cappato, Riccardo; Siebels, Jürgen; Rüppel, Rudolf (2000). "Randomized Comparison of Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy With Implantable Defibrillators in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest". Circulation. 102 (7): 748–754. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.102.7.748. ISSN 0009-7322.
  5. ↑ Raitt, Merritt H.; Renfroe, Ellen Graham; Epstein, Andrew E.; McAnulty, John H.; Mounsey, Paul; Steinberg, Jonathan S.; Lancaster, Scott E.; Jadonath, Ram L.; Hallstrom, Alfred P. (2001). ""Stable" Ventricular Tachycardia Is Not a Benign Rhythm". Circulation. 103 (2): 244–252. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.103.2.244. ISSN 0009-7322.
  6. ↑ Owens, Douglas K.; Sanders, Gillian D.; Heidenreich, Paul A.; McDonald, Kathryn M.; Hlatky, Mark A. (2002). "Effect of risk stratification on cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator". American Heart Journal. 144 (3): 440–448. doi:10.1067/mhj.2002.125501. ISSN 0002-8703.
  7. ↑ Bass, Eric B.; Elson, James J.; Fogoros, Richard N.; Peterson, Jacqueline; Arena, Vincent C.; Kapoor, Wishwa N. (1988). "Long-term prognosis of patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies for syncope of unknown origin". The American Journal of Cardiology. 62 (17): 1186–1191. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(88)90257-3. ISSN 0002-9149.

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