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| <small>
| | __NOTOC__ |
| {| | | {{Xyz}} |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| | '''For patient information, click [[Xyz (patient information)|here]]''' |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
| | |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Symptoms</small>
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
| | |
| ! colspan="4" |<small>Diagnostic tests
| | {{SK}} |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
| | |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| | ==[[Xyz overview|Overview]]== |
| !<small>[[Dyspnea on Exertion]]</small>
| | |
| !<small>[[Chest Pain]]</small>
| | ==[[Xyz historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| !<small>[[Hemoptysis]]</small>
| | |
| !<small>[[Fever]]</small>
| | ==[[Xyz classification|Classification]]== |
| !<small>[[Tachypnea]]</small>
| | |
| !<small>[[Tachycardia]]</small>
| | ==[[Xyz pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| !<small>[[Chest X-ray]]</small>
| | |
| !<small>[[ECG]]</small>
| | ==[[Xyz causes|Causes]]== |
| !<small>[[Echocardiography]]>
| | |
| !<small>[[CT scan]] and [[MRI]]</small>
| | ==[[Xyz differential diagnosis|Differentiating Xyz from other Diseases]]== |
| |-
| | |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-19-associated heart failure|COVID-19-associated heart failure]]
| | ==[[Xyz epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| | ==[[Xyz risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| | ==[[xyz screening|Screening]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| | ==[[Xyz natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |
| *[[Cardiomegaly]]
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| *[[Pulmonary edema]] (interstitial, alveolar)
| | [[Xyz diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Xyz history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Xyz physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Xyz laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Xyz electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Xyz x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Xyz echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Xyz CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Xyz MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Xyz other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Xyz other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | |
| *[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]]
| | ==Treatment== |
| *[[Low-voltage]] QRS
| | [[Xyz medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Xyz interventions|Interventions]] | [[Xyz surgery|Surgery]] | [[Xyz primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Xyz secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Xyz cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Xyz future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| *Non-specific ST-T change
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | ==Case Studies== |
| *Systoloic dysfunction (in HFrEF)
| | [[Xyz case study one|Case #1]] |
| *Diastoic dysfunction (in HFpEF)
| | |
| *[[Stress Cardiomyopathy|COVID-19-associated stress cardiomyopathy]] [[(apical ballooning)]]
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: [[Cardiomegaly]], [[Pulmonary edema]]
| |
| *CMR: Signs of underlying [[myocarditis]] may be seen.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased [[NT-proBNP]] and cardiac [[troponin]]s levels
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-associated pneumonia]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Usually high)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ ([[Pleuritic]])
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Consalidation
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |
| *Prolonged PR interval
| |
| *Transient T wave inversions
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: Consalidation, reticulonodular pattern
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased inflammatory markers, including [[ESR]], [[hs-CRP]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-associated ARDS]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Bilateral ground-glass opacities
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Signs of RV dysfunction/RV dilatation may be seen
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CT: Bilateral intesrtitial edema
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-associated myocarditis]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Pericardial effusion may be detectable
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Non-specific:may show nonspecific ST-T abnormalities, sinus tachycardia and conduction abnormalities (such as bundle-branch blocks or atrioventricular conduction delays)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Non-specific: In fulminant myocarditis cardiac chamber sizes are usually normal with an increased septal thickness (secondary to acute myocardial edema), whereas in acute myocarditis marked left ventricular dilation and normal wall thickness might be seen.
| |
| *Pericardial effusion may be be seen.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *CMR: T2-weighted edema imaging shows the presence of “acute myocardial inflammation”. "Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging” can demonstrate myocardial damage.
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | Increased cardiac [[troponin]]s level
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[COVID-associated pulmonary embolism]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Usually sudden-onset)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Pleauritic)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (If massive PE)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ (Low-grade)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |✔ | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *May show Fleischner sign (enlarged pulmonary artery), [[Hampton hump]], [[Westermark's sign]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Non-specific:may show S1Q3T3 pattern
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *May show signs of RV strain, Rv dilatation, Rv dysfunction (if large PE)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *On CT angiography: Intra-luminal filling defect
| |
| *On MRI: Narrowing of involved vessel
| |
| *No contrast seen distal to obstruction
| |
| *Polo-mint sign (partial filling defect surrounded by contrast)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *Increased D-dimer, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products
| |
| *May have symptoms and/or signs of accompanying DVT
| |