Heart murmur causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Heart murmur}} | {{Heart murmur}} | ||
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{ | {{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{nuha}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[ | Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as [[innocent murmur]], [[physiologic]] and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of [[functional murmur]]. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[arteriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as [[valvular stenosis]], valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]]. | ||
==Common Causes== | |||
* [[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
*[[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
**[[Ejection murmurs]] | **[[Ejection murmurs]] | ||
***Functional | ***Functional | ||
| Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]] | ****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]] | ||
****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states | ****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states | ||
****Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency | ****Flow murmurs associated with [[Aorta|aortic]] or [[pulmonary]] valvular insufficiency | ||
***Organic | ***Organic | ||
****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]] | ****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]] | ||
| Line 28: | Line 29: | ||
***Organic: | ***Organic: | ||
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]: | ****[[Mitral regurgitation]]: | ||
*****Rheumatic | *****[[Rheumatic disease|Rheumatic]] | ||
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction | *****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction | ||
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]] | *****[[Mitral valve prolapse]] | ||
| Line 42: | Line 43: | ||
***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]] | ***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]] | ||
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]] | ****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]] | ||
****Internal mammary soufflé | ****[[Internal mammary soufflé]] | ||
****[[Carotid artery bruits]] | ****[[Carotid artery bruits]] | ||
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | ****[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | ||
| Line 54: | Line 55: | ||
****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital) | ****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital) | ||
****[[Left atrial myxoma]] | ****[[Left atrial myxoma]] | ||
****Cor triatriatum | ****[[Cor triatriatum]] | ||
****Localized pericardial constriction | ****Localized pericardial constriction | ||
***Increased flow | ***Increased flow | ||
| Line 83: | Line 84: | ||
****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]] | ****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]] | ||
****[[Truncus arteriosus]] | ****[[Truncus arteriosus]] | ||
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]] | ****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]] | ||
**EXTRATHORACIC: | **EXTRATHORACIC: | ||
***[[Venous hum]] | ***[[Venous hum]] | ||
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom | ***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom | ||
***Severe arterial stenosis | ***Severe arterial stenosis | ||
*** Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas | ***Extrathoracic [[Arteriovenous fistula|arteriovenos fistulas]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 22:39, 21 January 2021
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Heart murmur causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Heart murmur causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]
Overview
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into functional, also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. Still murmur is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include arteriovenous fistula and pregnancy. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt.
Common Causes
- Systolic murmur[1]
- Ejection murmurs
- Functional
- Still's murmur and its adult variant
- Flow murmur emanating from the root of the pulmonary artery
- Murmur associated with high cardiac output states
- Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
- Organic
- Functional
- Regurgitant murmurs
- Functional: none
- Organic:
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Rheumatic
- Papillary muscle dysfunction
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Acute
- Tricuspid regurgitation:
- Chronic
- Acute
- Ventricular septal defect
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Without pulmonary hypertension
- With pulmonary hypertension
- Slitlike
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Extracardiac sounds simulating systolic heart murmurs
- Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) Murmur
- Internal mammary soufflé
- Carotid artery bruits
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
- Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
- Ejection murmurs
- Diastolic murmur[2]
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary valve regurgitation
- Mitral rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Mitral stenosis (rheumatic, congenital)
- Left atrial myxoma
- Cor triatriatum
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid stenosis (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
- Right atrial myxoma
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Obstruction to flow
- Continuous murmur [3]
- THORACIC:
- Precordial
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Coronary arteriovenous fistulas
- Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
- Atrial septal defect associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the left atrium
- Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery anomaly
- Continuous murmur at intern mammary artery
- Extra Precordial
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Pulmonary atresia
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
- Truncus arteriosus
- Anomalies of origin of the pulmonary artery
- Precordial
- EXTRATHORACIC:
- Venous hum
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
- Severe arterial stenosis
- Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas
- THORACIC:
References
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
- ↑ Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086. URL–wikilink conflict (help)