Heart murmur (patient information): Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
<blockquote>Heart murmurs are sounds made by turbulent blood in your heart. These sounds can be heard with a stethoscope. A normal heartbeat makes two sounds like "lub-dup". Heart murmurs can be present at birth or develop later in life. A heart murmur isn't a disease but it may indicate an underlying heart problem. Treatment, if needed, is directed at the cause of your heart murmur.</blockquote>


*This section should give a brief description of the disease, and have the name of the disease in the first sentence.
==What are the symptoms of Heart murmur?==
*For an example of the overview section of a patient page, click [[Pericarditis (patient information)#Overview|here]]


==What are the symptoms of (disease name)?==
*harmless heart murmur you likely won't have any symptoms and your doctor may discover it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope.
*presence of this symptoms indicate heart problem:
**fingertips and lips appear blue
**Swelling or sudden weight gain
**Shortness of breath
**Chronic cough
**Enlarged liver
**Enlarged neck veins
**Poor appetite and failure to grow normally (in infants)
**Heavy sweating with minimal or no exertion
**Chest pain
**Dizziness
**Fainting


*Here you can list the symptoms that the patient may notice. Remember that signs are different from symptoms.
==What causes of heart murmur?==
*For an example of the symptoms section in a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#What are the symptoms of angina?|here]].


==What causes (disease name)?==
*If it is innocent murmur that means  a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children.
*An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems.


*Here you can list the causes of the disease. Remember this is what causes the disease, not what the disease causes.
===Innocent heart murmurs===
*For an example of the causes section on a patient information page, click [[Pericarditis (patient information)#What causes Pericarditis|here]].


==Who is at highest risk?==
*Physical activity or exercise
*Pregnancy
*Fever
*Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia)
*An increase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)


*Here you can list, or write in sentences, the most common risk factors for developing the disease.
===Abnormal heart murmurs===


*This section can be separated into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors if appropriate.
*In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples:
**'''Holes in the heart.'''
**Abnormal blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt)
**'''Heart valve abnormalities.''' Congenital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life.


*For an example of a risk factors section on a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#Who is at highest risk|here]].
*In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example:
**Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age.
**'''Endocarditis.''' This infection of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities.
**'''Rheumatic fever.''' rare in the United States.


==Diagnosis==
==Who is at highest risk?==
 
*Family history of a heart defect.
*Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension).
*Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis),


*In this section you can outline what the patient might expect to encounter as far as diagnostic studies.
*Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include:
**'''Illnesses during pregnancy.''' such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infection.
**'''Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.'''


*List the types of studies with a brief description, as well as blood tests, urine tests, pertinent portions of the physical examination etc.
==Diagnosis==


*For an example of a diagnosis section on a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#Diagnosis|here]].
*Heart murmurs are usually detected by your doctor when listens to your heart using a stethoscope.
*Additional tests include:
**'''Chest X-ray.''' shows an image of your heart, lungs and blood vessels.
**'''Electrocardiogram (ECG).'''
**'''Echocardiogram.'''
**'''Cardiac catheterization.'''


==When to seek urgent medical care?==
==When to seek urgent medical care?==


*This section should focus on the symptoms that may indicate impending life threatening situations, or significant worsening.
*Most heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor.
 
*Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain ,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.<ref name="urlWhen should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?">{{cite web |url=https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/qa/when-should-you-call-your-doctor-about-heart-murmurs |title=When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs? |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*For an example of a section detailing this on a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#When to seek urgent medical care|here]]


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==


*In this section you should outline the treatment options, including medications, lifestyle changes, and surgical interventions.
*An innocent heart murmur doesn't require treatment because the heart is normal. If  the result is an illness, such as fever or hyperthyroidism, the murmurs will go away once that condition is treated.
 
*If you has an abnormal heart murmur, treatment may not indicated. Your doctor may want to monitor the condition over time. If treatment is necessary, it depends on what heart problem is causing the murmur and may include medications or surgery.
*Advise the patient to always follow the treatment plan that their doctor has provided them.
 
*For an example of a treatment section of a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#Treatment options|here]].
 
==Where to find medical care for (disease name)?==
 
*In this section you can provide links for reputable places that the patient can find good treatment for there condition.


==Prevention==
==Prevention==


*In this section, outline the factors that can prevent the onset of the disease, or prevent worsening of the disease.
*To reduce your risk of developing an abnormal heart murmur by following:<ref name="urlwww.healthxchange.sg">{{cite web |url=https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/heart-murmur-types-prevention-tips |title=www.healthxchange.sg |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
*#Eat a healthy diet.
*For an example of the prevention section of a patient information page, click [[Chronic stable angina (patient information)#Prevention|here]].
*#Exercise regularly.
*#Quit smoking.
*#Cut down on alco​​hol.
*#Keep pre-existing illnesses, such as high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol, under control.
*#Maintain good dental hygiene to prevent bacteria from getting into the bloodstream.


==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==


*In this section you should provide a brief statement of what the patient might expect as the prognosis of their condition.
*Innocent heart murmurs, the prognosis is excellent. For people with other types of heart murmurs, the prognosis depends on the type of heart problem and its severity. In general, even when heart surgery is required, the prognosis is good.<ref name="urlHeart Murmur - Harvard Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/heart-murmur-a-to-z |title=Heart Murmur - Harvard Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


*Include prognosis with and without treatment, and also the likelihood of a certain outcome occurring.
==Sources==
 
*For an example of the prognosis section on a patient information page, click [[Pericarditis (patient information)#What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?|here]].
 
==Possible complications==
 
*In this section, you can list the common and most important (life-threatening) complications of the disease or it's treatment.
 
*For an example of the complications section in a patient information page, click [[Pericarditis (patient information)#Possible complications|here]].


==Sources==
*https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20373171


*Put the sources for your information here
{{Heart murmur}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:13, 29 October 2020


For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]

Overview

Heart murmurs are sounds made by turbulent blood in your heart. These sounds can be heard with a stethoscope. A normal heartbeat makes two sounds like "lub-dup". Heart murmurs can be present at birth or develop later in life. A heart murmur isn't a disease but it may indicate an underlying heart problem. Treatment, if needed, is directed at the cause of your heart murmur.

What are the symptoms of Heart murmur?

  • harmless heart murmur you likely won't have any symptoms and your doctor may discover it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope.
  • presence of this symptoms indicate heart problem:
    • fingertips and lips appear blue
    • Swelling or sudden weight gain
    • Shortness of breath
    • Chronic cough
    • Enlarged liver
    • Enlarged neck veins
    • Poor appetite and failure to grow normally (in infants)
    • Heavy sweating with minimal or no exertion
    • Chest pain
    • Dizziness
    • Fainting

What causes of heart murmur?

  • If it is innocent murmur that means a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children.
  • An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems.

Innocent heart murmurs

  • Physical activity or exercise
  • Pregnancy
  • Fever
  • Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia)
  • An increase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)

Abnormal heart murmurs

  • In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples:
    • Holes in the heart.
    • Abnormal blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt)
    • Heart valve abnormalities. Congenital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life.
  • In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example:
    • Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age.
    • Endocarditis. This infection of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities.
    • Rheumatic fever. rare in the United States.

Who is at highest risk?

  • Family history of a heart defect.
  • Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension).
  • Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis),
  • Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include:
    • Illnesses during pregnancy. such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infection.
    • Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.

Diagnosis

  • Heart murmurs are usually detected by your doctor when listens to your heart using a stethoscope.
  • Additional tests include:
    • Chest X-ray. shows an image of your heart, lungs and blood vessels.
    • Electrocardiogram (ECG).
    • Echocardiogram.
    • Cardiac catheterization.

When to seek urgent medical care?

  • Most heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor.
  • Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain ,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.[1]

Treatment options

  • An innocent heart murmur doesn't require treatment because the heart is normal. If the result is an illness, such as fever or hyperthyroidism, the murmurs will go away once that condition is treated.
  • If you has an abnormal heart murmur, treatment may not indicated. Your doctor may want to monitor the condition over time. If treatment is necessary, it depends on what heart problem is causing the murmur and may include medications or surgery.

Prevention

  • To reduce your risk of developing an abnormal heart murmur by following:[2]
    1. Eat a healthy diet.
    2. Exercise regularly.
    3. Quit smoking.
    4. Cut down on alco​​hol.
    5. Keep pre-existing illnesses, such as high blood pressure, diabetes or high cholesterol, under control.
    6. Maintain good dental hygiene to prevent bacteria from getting into the bloodstream.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

  • Innocent heart murmurs, the prognosis is excellent. For people with other types of heart murmurs, the prognosis depends on the type of heart problem and its severity. In general, even when heart surgery is required, the prognosis is good.[3]

Sources


References

  1. ↑ "When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?".
  2. ↑ "www.healthxchange.sg".
  3. ↑ "Heart Murmur - Harvard Health".

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