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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:Aditya Govindavarjhulla|Aditya Govindvarjhulla, M.B.B.S.]]
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:Aditya Govindavarjhulla|Aditya Govindvarjhulla, M.B.B.S.]], {{NE}}


==[[Cellulitis overview|Overview]]==
==[[Cellulitis overview|Overview]]==


Cellulitis is a spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue secondary to any source of skin trauma or immunosuppression.
==[[Cellulitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Cellulitis classification|Classification]]==


==[[Cellulitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Cellulitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Microorganisms, most commonly Group A streptococcus and staphylococcus, enter the skin layers through previous cuts or trauma initiating an inflammatory response. This presents with redness, swelling, pain, and warmth. In the absence of immunocompetence, the infection may become systemic eventually leading to bacteremia.
In severe cases, the infection may spread to deeper tissue resulting in necrotizing fasciitis or 'flesh-eating disease' requiring immediate surgical evaluation.


==[[Cellulitis causes|Causes]]==
==[[Cellulitis causes|Causes]]==
The most common causative agents of cellulitis are Group A streptococcus and staphylococcus.


==[[Cellulitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cellulitis from other Diseases]]==
==[[Cellulitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cellulitis from other Diseases]]==
It is important to differentiate cellulitis from thrombophlebitis, contact dermatitis, drug reactions, and arthritis. Additionally, it should be differentiated from other causes of lower limb edema such as venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.


==[[Cellulitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Cellulitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Cellulitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Cellulitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
The risk factors for cellulitis include, but are not limited to, the elderly, a weakened immune system, diabetes, HIV, prior history of cellulitis, varicose veins, skin disorders resulting in breaks in the skin, lymphedema, and hygiene.


==[[Cellulitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Cellulitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Cellulitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cellulitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cellulitis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cellulitis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cellulitis CT|CT]] | [[Cellulitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Cellulitis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Cellulitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
[[Cellulitis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Cellulitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cellulitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cellulitis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cellulitis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cellulitis CT|CT]] | [[Cellulitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Cellulitis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Cellulitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Cellulitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cellulitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
[[Cellulitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cellulitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
Patients who require hospitalization for ICU admission, operating room surgical intervention, or death have one of the following six risk factors upon presentation<ref name="pmid30420232">{{cite journal| author=Mower WR, Kadera SP, Rodriguez AD, Vanderkraan V, Krishna PK, Chiu E et al.| title=Identification of Clinical Characteristics Associated With High-Level Care Among Patients With Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 2018 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30420232 | doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.09.020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30420232  }} </ref>:
* abnormal cross-sectional imaging result ("air or gas, [[abscess]] or fluid collection, osteomyelitis, or suspicion of osteomyelitis")
* systemic inflammatory response syndrome
* previous infection at the same location
* infection involving the hand * diabetes* age >65 years


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==

Latest revision as of 15:02, 29 June 2021

Cellulitis
Infected left shin

Cellulitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cellulitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Cellulitis On the Web

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NICE Guidance

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Cellulitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cellulitis

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindvarjhulla, M.B.B.S., Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cellulitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1



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