Tuberculosis echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Tuberculosis}}
{{Tuberculosis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ammu}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Mashal Awais}}; {{Ammu}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Echocardiography]] or [[Ultrasound]] can be helpful in patients who develop [[pericardial effusion]] secondary to TB.<ref name="pmid19006110">{{cite journal| author=Kil UH, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park HJ, Park CS, Kim PJ et al.| title=Prognosis of large, symptomatic pericardial effusion treated by echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis. | journal=Clin Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 31 | issue= 11 | pages= 531-7 | pmid=19006110 | doi=10.1002/clc.20305 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19006110  }} </ref>  In rare occasions TB may lead to congestive heart failure, in which case [[echocardiograph]] may also help in the diagnosis. Common findings in [[CHF]] on the [[echocardiogram]] include: [[hypokinesia]]; valvular insufficiency; and enlargement of all heart chambers.
[[Echocardiography]] or [[Ultrasound]] may be used in patients who develop [[pericardial effusion]] secondary to TB.<ref name="pmid19006110">{{cite journal| author=Kil UH, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park HJ, Park CS, Kim PJ et al.| title=Prognosis of large, symptomatic pericardial effusion treated by echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis. | journal=Clin Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 31 | issue= 11 | pages= 531-7 | pmid=19006110 | doi=10.1002/clc.20305 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19006110  }} </ref>  On rare occasions TB may result in [[congestive heart failure]], in which case [[echocardiograph]] may also help in the [[diagnosis]]. [[echocardiogram]] findings in [[CHF]] include [[hypokinesia]]; [[valvular insufficiency]] as well as enlargement of all [[heart]] [[chambers]].


==Echocardiography==
*[[Tuberculosis]] involves the heart in 1-2% of the cases, and the [[pericardium]] is the most commonly affected structure.<ref name="CusterCharr1939">{{cite journal|last1=Custer|first1=Edward W.|last2=Charr|first2=Robert|title=TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=112|issue=14|year=1939|pages=1333|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1939.62800140003009a}}</ref><ref name="Fowler1991">{{cite journal|last1=Fowler|first1=Noble O.|title=Tuberculous Pericarditis|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=266|issue=1|year=1991|pages=99|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1991.03470010103039}}</ref>  Patients with [[HIV]] have a high susceptibility for [[extrapulmonary]] tuberculosis including [[tuberculous pericarditis]]. [[Echocardiography]] is a good tool in diagnosing this [[extrapulmonary]] manifestation.
*Tuberculosis involves the heart in 1-2% of the cases, and the [[pericardium]] is its the most commonly affected structure.<ref name="CusterCharr1939">{{cite journal|last1=Custer|first1=Edward W.|last2=Charr|first2=Robert|title=TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=112|issue=14|year=1939|pages=1333|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1939.62800140003009a}}</ref><ref name="Fowler1991">{{cite journal|last1=Fowler|first1=Noble O.|title=Tuberculous Pericarditis|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=266|issue=1|year=1991|pages=99|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1991.03470010103039}}</ref>  Patients with [[HIV]] have a high susceptibility for extra pulmonary tuberculosis including [[tuberculous pericarditis]]. [[Echocardiography]] is a good tool in diagnosing this extra pulmonary manifestation.


*The common findings in [[echocardiography]] include:<ref name="pmid15486140">{{cite journal| author=George S, Salama AL, Uthaman B, Cherian G| title=Echocardiography in differentiating tuberculous from chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion. | journal=Heart | year= 2004 | volume= 90 | issue= 11 | pages= 1338-9 | pmid=15486140 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2003.020081 | pmc=PMC1768544 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15486140  }} </ref>
*The common findings in [[echocardiography]] include:<ref name="pmid15486140">{{cite journal| author=George S, Salama AL, Uthaman B, Cherian G| title=Echocardiography in differentiating tuberculous from chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion. | journal=Heart | year= 2004 | volume= 90 | issue= 11 | pages= 1338-9 | pmid=15486140 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2003.020081 | pmc=PMC1768544 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15486140  }} </ref>
:*[[Pericardial]] thickening
:*[[Pericardial]] thickening
:*[[Pericardial effusion]] classified as mild, moderate, and severe
:*[[Pericardial effusion]] classified as mild, moderate, and severe
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:*[[Fibrin]] strands from [[pericardium]] protruding or crossing the [[pericardial]] space
:*[[Fibrin]] strands from [[pericardium]] protruding or crossing the [[pericardial]] space


*Although rare, the [[myocardium]] may also be involved in TB and should be suspected in patients with [[congestive heart failure]] and clinical features suggestive of TB.
*In rare occasions, the [[myocardium]] may be affected with [[Tuberculosis|TB]] and should be suspected in patients with [[congestive heart failure]] and clinical features of TB.
*[[Echocardiographic]] findings may include:<ref name="pmid2389712">{{cite journal| author=Bali HK, Wahi S, Sharma BK, Anand IS, Datta BN, Wahi PL| title=Myocardial tuberculosis presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1990 | volume= 120 | issue= 3 | pages= 703-6 | pmid=2389712 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2389712  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15857515">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D| title=Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity? | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 29 | pmid=15857515 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-5-29 | pmc=PMC1090580 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15857515  }} </ref>
*[[Echocardiographic]] findings may include:<ref name="pmid2389712">{{cite journal| author=Bali HK, Wahi S, Sharma BK, Anand IS, Datta BN, Wahi PL| title=Myocardial tuberculosis presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1990 | volume= 120 | issue= 3 | pages= 703-6 | pmid=2389712 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2389712  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15857515">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D| title=Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity? | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 29 | pmid=15857515 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-5-29 | pmc=PMC1090580 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15857515  }} </ref>
:*[[Hypokinesia]]
:*[[Hypokinesia]]
:*Enlargement of all heart chambers
:*Enlargement of all heart chambers
:*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
:*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
:*[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
:*[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
:*Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
:*[[Left ventricular systolic dysfunction]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:48, 26 March 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mashal Awais, M.D.[2]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]

Overview

Echocardiography or Ultrasound may be used in patients who develop pericardial effusion secondary to TB.[1] On rare occasions TB may result in congestive heart failure, in which case echocardiograph may also help in the diagnosis. echocardiogram findings in CHF include hypokinesia; valvular insufficiency as well as enlargement of all heart chambers.

References

  1. ↑ Kil UH, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park HJ, Park CS, Kim PJ; et al. (2008). "Prognosis of large, symptomatic pericardial effusion treated by echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis". Clin Cardiol. 31 (11): 531–7. doi:10.1002/clc.20305. PMID 19006110.
  2. ↑ Custer, Edward W.; Charr, Robert (1939). "TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM". Journal of the American Medical Association. 112 (14): 1333. doi:10.1001/jama.1939.62800140003009a. ISSN 0002-9955.
  3. ↑ Fowler, Noble O. (1991). "Tuberculous Pericarditis". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 266 (1): 99. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010103039. ISSN 0098-7484.
  4. ↑ George S, Salama AL, Uthaman B, Cherian G (2004). "Echocardiography in differentiating tuberculous from chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion". Heart. 90 (11): 1338–9. doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.020081. PMC 1768544. PMID 15486140.
  5. ↑ Bali HK, Wahi S, Sharma BK, Anand IS, Datta BN, Wahi PL (1990). "Myocardial tuberculosis presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy". Am Heart J. 120 (3): 703–6. PMID 2389712.
  6. ↑ Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D (2005). "Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity?". BMC Infect Dis. 5: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-29. PMC 1090580. PMID 15857515.

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