Thrombophilia risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Asiri Ediriwickrema, M.D., M.H.S. [2] Jaspinder Kaur, MBBS[3]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of acquired thrombophlias are trauma, surgery, immobility, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and age. Common risk factors for the development of inherited thrombophilias are a family history of thrombosis at an early age or a family history of inherited thrombophilia. Common genetic risk factors in the development of inherited thrombophilias are mutations in factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A.

Risk Factors

• Risk factors for inherited thrombophilias are as follows:
  • Family history of thrombosis at an early age
  • Family history of inherited thrombophilia

• Risk factors in the development of acquired thrombophlias are enlisted in the following Table 1:

Acquired risk factors	Acquired risk factors
Advancing Age Pregnancy Oral contraceptive pills Hormone therapy Postpartum period Infection (specifically pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and HIV) Cancer (highest risk in metastatic disease) Bed rest greater than three days Obesity	Immobility Fracture of lower limb Hospitalization for heart failure or atrial fibrillation/flutter within the previous three months Hip or knee replacement Major trauma History of previous venous thromboembolism Central venous lines Chemotherapy Congestive heart failure or respiratory failure