Albinism natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The [[complications]] of [[albinism]] include [[skin cancer]], [[sunburn]], decreased [[visual]] acuity, poor self-image and self-isolation lead to [[depression]]. Patients with [[albinism]] has a normal [[life expectancy]] and do not have [[developmental delay]] or [[mental retardation]]. | The [[complications]] of [[albinism]] include [[skin cancer]], [[sunburn]], decreased [[visual]] acuity, poor self-image and self-isolation lead to [[depression]]. Patients with [[albinism]] has a normal [[life expectancy]] and do not have [[developmental delay]] or [[mental retardation]]. | ||
==Complications== | ===Complications=== | ||
* The [[complications]] of [[albinism]] are as follows:<ref name="pmid22681652">{{cite journal| author=Mabula JB, Chalya PL, Mchembe MD, Jaka H, Giiti G, Rambau P | display-authors=etal| title=Skin cancers among Albinos at a University teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 64 cases. | journal=BMC Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 12 | issue= | pages= 5 | pmid=22681652 | doi=10.1186/1471-5945-12-5 | pmc=3483204 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22681652 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21977833">{{cite journal| author=Mapurisa G, Masamba L| title=Locally advanced skin cancer in an albino: a treatment dilemma. | journal=Malawi Med J | year= 2010 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 122-3 | pmid=21977833 | doi=10.4314/mmj.v22i4.63949 | pmc=3345774 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21977833 }} </ref><ref name="pmid31777350">{{cite journal| author=Marçon CR, Maia M| title=Albinism: epidemiology, genetics, cutaneous characterization, psychosocial factors. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 94 | issue= 5 | pages= 503-520 | pmid=31777350 | doi=10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.023 | pmc=6857599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31777350 }} </ref> | * The [[complications]] of [[albinism]] are as follows:<ref name="pmid22681652">{{cite journal| author=Mabula JB, Chalya PL, Mchembe MD, Jaka H, Giiti G, Rambau P | display-authors=etal| title=Skin cancers among Albinos at a University teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 64 cases. | journal=BMC Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 12 | issue= | pages= 5 | pmid=22681652 | doi=10.1186/1471-5945-12-5 | pmc=3483204 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22681652 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21977833">{{cite journal| author=Mapurisa G, Masamba L| title=Locally advanced skin cancer in an albino: a treatment dilemma. | journal=Malawi Med J | year= 2010 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 122-3 | pmid=21977833 | doi=10.4314/mmj.v22i4.63949 | pmc=3345774 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21977833 }} </ref><ref name="pmid31777350">{{cite journal| author=Marçon CR, Maia M| title=Albinism: epidemiology, genetics, cutaneous characterization, psychosocial factors. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 94 | issue= 5 | pages= 503-520 | pmid=31777350 | doi=10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.023 | pmc=6857599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31777350 }} </ref> | ||
** [[Skin cancer]] including [[basal cell carcinoma]] and [[squamous cell carcinoma]] | ** [[Skin cancer]] including [[basal cell carcinoma]] and [[squamous cell carcinoma]] | ||
*** 80% of skin cancer are diagnosed in patients aged over 55 years <ref name="pmid1435901">{{cite journal| author=Preston DS, Stern RS| title=Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1992 | volume= 327 | issue= 23 | pages= 1649-62 | pmid=1435901 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199212033272307 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1435901 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid23039995">{{cite journal| author=Bridge H, von dem Hagen EA, Davies G, Chambers C, Gouws A, Hoffmann M | display-authors=etal| title=Changes in brain morphology in albinism reflect reduced visual acuity. | journal=Cortex | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= | pages= 64-72 | pmid=23039995 | doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23039995 }} </ref> | *** 80% of skin cancer are diagnosed in patients aged over 55 years <ref name="pmid1435901">{{cite journal| author=Preston DS, Stern RS| title=Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1992 | volume= 327 | issue= 23 | pages= 1649-62 | pmid=1435901 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199212033272307 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1435901 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23039995">{{cite journal| author=Bridge H, von dem Hagen EA, Davies G, Chambers C, Gouws A, Hoffmann M | display-authors=etal| title=Changes in brain morphology in albinism reflect reduced visual acuity. | journal=Cortex | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= | pages= 64-72 | pmid=23039995 | doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23039995 }} </ref> | ||
** [[Sunburn]] | ** [[Sunburn]] | ||
** Decreased [[visual]] acuity | ** Decreased [[visual]] acuity | ||
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** [[Infection]] risk in [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]] | ** [[Infection]] risk in [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]] | ||
==Prognosis== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
* Patients with [[albinism]] has a normal [[life expectancy ]] | * Patients with [[albinism]] has a normal [[life expectancy ]] | ||
* [[Albinism]] does not cause [[developmental delay]] or [[mental retardation]] | * [[Albinism]] does not cause [[developmental delay]] or [[mental retardation]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:03, 16 September 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
The complications of albinism include skin cancer, sunburn, decreased visual acuity, poor self-image and self-isolation lead to depression. Patients with albinism has a normal life expectancy and do not have developmental delay or mental retardation.
Complications
- The complications of albinism are as follows:[1][2][3]
- Skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
- Sunburn
- Decreased visual acuity
- Poor self-image and self-isolation that may lead to depression
- Individuals with albinism are at increased risk of attention deficit disorder
- Bleeding disorders in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
- Infection risk in Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Prognosis
- Patients with albinism has a normal life expectancy
- Albinism does not cause developmental delay or mental retardation
- Patients may have delayed visual maturation [6]
References
- ↑ Mabula JB, Chalya PL, Mchembe MD, Jaka H, Giiti G, Rambau P; et al. (2012). "Skin cancers among Albinos at a University teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 64 cases". BMC Dermatol. 12: 5. doi:10.1186/1471-5945-12-5. PMC 3483204. PMID 22681652.
- ↑ Mapurisa G, Masamba L (2010). "Locally advanced skin cancer in an albino: a treatment dilemma". Malawi Med J. 22 (4): 122–3. doi:10.4314/mmj.v22i4.63949. PMC 3345774. PMID 21977833.
- ↑ Marçon CR, Maia M (2019). "Albinism: epidemiology, genetics, cutaneous characterization, psychosocial factors". An Bras Dermatol. 94 (5): 503–520. doi:10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.023. PMC 6857599 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31777350. - ↑ Preston DS, Stern RS (1992). "Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin". N Engl J Med. 327 (23): 1649–62. doi:10.1056/NEJM199212033272307. PMID 1435901.
- ↑ Bridge H, von dem Hagen EA, Davies G, Chambers C, Gouws A, Hoffmann M; et al. (2014). "Changes in brain morphology in albinism reflect reduced visual acuity". Cortex. 56: 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.010. PMID 23039995.
- ↑ "Albinism - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".