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==Future or investigational therapies==
==Future or investigational therapies==
Countries are developing policies to define high risk groups to receive vaccines. Clinical investigations will be running to evaluate the appropriateness of vaccination to contain the outbreak<ref name="urlMonkeypox">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox |title=Monkeypox |format= |work= |accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref>.


*Antibiral agents such as Cidofovir or Tecovirimat were evaluated only for safety but not efficacy on human models. Future trials may evaluate the drug’s effectiveness to treat humans cases of monkeypox<ref name="pmid12076747">{{cite journal| author=De Clercq E| title=Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections. | journal=Antiviral Res | year= 2002 | volume= 55 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-13 | pmid=12076747 | doi=10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00008-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12076747  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18316519">{{cite journal| author=Jordan R, Tien D, Bolken TC, Jones KF, Tyavanagimatt SR, Strasser J | display-authors=etal| title=Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of ST-246, a novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 5 | pages= 1721-7 | pmid=18316519 | doi=10.1128/AAC.01303-07 | pmc=2346641 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18316519  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22777041">{{cite journal| author=Chinsangaram J, Honeychurch KM, Tyavanagimatt SR, Leeds JM, Bolken TC, Jones KF | display-authors=etal| title=Safety and pharmacokinetics of the anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246 following a single daily oral dose for 14 days in human volunteers. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2012 | volume= 56 | issue= 9 | pages= 4900-5 | pmid=22777041 | doi=10.1128/AAC.00904-12 | pmc=3421894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22777041  }} </ref>.
*Countries are developing policies to define high risk groups to receive vaccines. Clinical investigations will be running to evaluate the appropriateness of vaccination to contain the outbreak<ref name="urlMonkeypox">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox |title=Monkeypox |format= |work= |accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref>.


In 2022, most cases in non-endemic areas no travel association to endemic areas and were among men who have sex with men. It is hypothesized that monkeypox can be a sexuality transmitted disease<ref name="pmid35692117">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bragazzi NL, Kong JD, Mahroum N, Tsigalou C, Khamisy-Farah R, Converti M, Wu J |title=Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: a preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review |journal=[[Journal of Medical Virology]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=June 2022 |pmid=35692117 |doi=10.1002/jmv.27931 |url= |accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM |title=Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK |journal=[[]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=May 2022 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6 |url= |accessdate=2022-06-15}}</ref>. The role of semen and vaginal fluids in the transmission of monkeypox is being investigated<ref name="urlU.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/index.html |title=U.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary &#124; Monkeypox &#124; Poxvirus &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>.
*Antiviral agents such as Cidofovir or Tecovirimat were evaluated only for safety but not efficacy on human models. Future trials may evaluate the drug’s effectiveness to treat humans cases of monkeypox<ref name="pmid12076747">{{cite journal| author=De Clercq E| title=Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections. | journal=Antiviral Res | year= 2002 | volume= 55 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-13 | pmid=12076747 | doi=10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00008-6 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12076747  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18316519">{{cite journal| author=Jordan R, Tien D, Bolken TC, Jones KF, Tyavanagimatt SR, Strasser J | display-authors=etal| title=Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of ST-246, a novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 5 | pages= 1721-7 | pmid=18316519 | doi=10.1128/AAC.01303-07 | pmc=2346641 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18316519  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22777041">{{cite journal| author=Chinsangaram J, Honeychurch KM, Tyavanagimatt SR, Leeds JM, Bolken TC, Jones KF | display-authors=etal| title=Safety and pharmacokinetics of the anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246 following a single daily oral dose for 14 days in human volunteers. | journal=Antimicrob Agents Chemother | year= 2012 | volume= 56 | issue= 9 | pages= 4900-5 | pmid=22777041 | doi=10.1128/AAC.00904-12 | pmc=3421894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22777041  }} </ref>.
 
*In 2022, most cases in non-endemic areas had no travel association to endemic areas and were among men who have sex with men. It is hypothesized that monkeypox can be a sexuality transmitted<ref name="pmid35692117">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bragazzi NL, Kong JD, Mahroum N, Tsigalou C, Khamisy-Farah R, Converti M, Wu J |title=Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: a preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review |journal=[[Journal of Medical Virology]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=June 2022 |pmid=35692117 |doi=10.1002/jmv.27931 |url= |accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM |title=Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK |journal=[[]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=May 2022 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6 |url= |accessdate=2022-06-15}}</ref>. The role of semen and vaginal fluids in the transmission of monkeypox is being investigated<ref name="urlU.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/index.html |title=U.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary &#124; Monkeypox &#124; Poxvirus &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 22:28, 16 June 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Bassel Almarie M.D.[2]

Overview

Countries are developing policies to define high risk groups to receive vaccines. Clinical investigations will be running to evaluate the appropriateness of vaccination to contain the outbreak[1].

Future or investigational therapies

  • Countries are developing policies to define high risk groups to receive vaccines. Clinical investigations will be running to evaluate the appropriateness of vaccination to contain the outbreak[1].
  • Antiviral agents such as Cidofovir or Tecovirimat were evaluated only for safety but not efficacy on human models. Future trials may evaluate the drug’s effectiveness to treat humans cases of monkeypox[2][3][4].
  • In 2022, most cases in non-endemic areas had no travel association to endemic areas and were among men who have sex with men. It is hypothesized that monkeypox can be a sexuality transmitted[5][6]. The role of semen and vaginal fluids in the transmission of monkeypox is being investigated[7].

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Monkeypox". Retrieved 2022-06-16.
  2. De Clercq E (2002). "Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections". Antiviral Res. 55 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00008-6. PMID 12076747.
  3. Jordan R, Tien D, Bolken TC, Jones KF, Tyavanagimatt SR, Strasser J; et al. (2008). "Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of ST-246, a novel orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 52 (5): 1721–7. doi:10.1128/AAC.01303-07. PMC 2346641. PMID 18316519.
  4. Chinsangaram J, Honeychurch KM, Tyavanagimatt SR, Leeds JM, Bolken TC, Jones KF; et al. (2012). "Safety and pharmacokinetics of the anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246 following a single daily oral dose for 14 days in human volunteers". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56 (9): 4900–5. doi:10.1128/AAC.00904-12. PMC 3421894. PMID 22777041.
  5. Bragazzi NL, Kong JD, Mahroum N, Tsigalou C, Khamisy-Farah R, Converti M, Wu J (June 2022). "Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: a preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review". Journal of Medical Virology. doi:10.1002/jmv.27931. PMID 35692117 Check |pmid= value (help). |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM (May 2022). "Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK". [[]]. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. "U.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC".