Bornholm disease laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In many cases of Bornholm disease, inflammatory [[biomarkers]] such as [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], [[C-reactive protein (CRP)|C-reactive protein]], and [[Creatine kinase|Creatine Kinase]] are found to be elevated. Changes in CBC have been found to vary according to the underlying causative strain. Although [[leukocytosis]] is a common finding, infection with the [[Coxsackie A4|A4]] strains can result in white cell counts ≥15000/µL. Comparatively, [[Coxsackie B3]] has been found to cause [[anemia]] and [[thrombocytopenia]]. [[Liver function tests|Live function tests]] including [[Liver function tests|AST]] and [[Liver function tests|ALT]] may be elevated but changes in [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]] have not been observed. In the event of respiratory or cardiac complications developing, [[ABG| | In many cases of Bornholm disease, inflammatory [[biomarkers]] such as [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], [[C-reactive protein (CRP)|C-reactive protein]], and [[Creatine kinase|Creatine Kinase]] are found to be elevated. Changes in CBC have been found to vary according to the underlying causative strain. Although [[leukocytosis]] is a common finding, infection with the [[Coxsackie A4|A4]] strains can result in white cell counts ≥15000/µL. Comparatively, [[Coxsackie B3]] has been found to cause [[anemia]] and [[thrombocytopenia]]. [[Liver function tests|Live function tests]] including [[Liver function tests|AST]] and [[Liver function tests|ALT]] may be elevated but changes in [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]] have not been observed. In the event of respiratory or cardiac complications developing, [[ABG|arterial blood gas]] and [[pulse oximetry]] may be altered. | ||
==Laboratory Tests== | ==Laboratory Tests== | ||
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[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up to Date]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:01, 14 July 2022
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Bornholm disease Microchapters |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bornholm disease laboratory tests |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S
Overview
In many cases of Bornholm disease, inflammatory biomarkers such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and Creatine Kinase are found to be elevated. Changes in CBC have been found to vary according to the underlying causative strain. Although leukocytosis is a common finding, infection with the A4 strains can result in white cell counts ≥15000/µL. Comparatively, Coxsackie B3 has been found to cause anemia and thrombocytopenia. Live function tests including AST and ALT may be elevated but changes in electrolytes have not been observed. In the event of respiratory or cardiac complications developing, arterial blood gas and pulse oximetry may be altered.
Laboratory Tests
CBC
- RBC: no significant changes; Coxsackie B3 has been shown to cause anemia [1]
- WBC: leukocytosis ( ≥15000/µL; especially in children affected with the Coxsackie A4 strain) ; very few cases have shown leukopenia but this is rare compared to the former finding[2]
- Platelets: no significant changes; Coxsackie B3 has been shown to cause thrombocytopenia [3]
- No significant changes
Inflammatory biomarkers
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Elevated ( found to be non-specific)[4]
- C-reactive protein: Elevated (>40 mg/L; especially in children affected with the Coxsackie A4 strain)[5]
- Creatine Kinase: Elevated in a minority of cases [4]
- Changes may be seen if respiratory/cardiac complications develop.
- Changes may be seen if respiratory/cardiac complications develop.
Blood Culture
- As the underlying cause is a virus, bacterial cultures are often of little use.
References
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.