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| ==2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid37622663">{{cite journal| author=Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ | display-authors=etal| title=2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2023 | volume= 44 | issue= 39 | pages= 4043-4140 | pmid=37622663 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=37622663 }} </ref>==
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| ===Recommendations for diagnosing diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid37622663">{{cite journal| author=Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ | display-authors=etal| title=2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2023 | volume= 44 | issue= 39 | pages= 4043-4140 | pmid=37622663 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=37622663 }} </ref>===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|"'''1.'''Screening for diabetes is recommended in all individuals with CVD, using fasting glucose and/or HbA1C<ref name="pmid33298413">{{cite journal| author=American Diabetes Association| title=2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2021 | volume= 44 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S15-S33 | pmid=33298413 | doi=10.2337/dc21-S002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33298413 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20978099">{{cite journal| author=Colagiuri S, Lee CM, Wong TY, Balkau B, Shaw JE, Borch-Johnsen K | display-authors=etal| title=Glycemic thresholds for diabetes-specific retinopathy: implications for diagnostic criteria for diabetes. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2011 | volume= 34 | issue= 1 | pages= 145-50 | pmid=20978099 | doi=10.2337/dc10-1206 | pmc=3005450 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20978099 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27216887">{{cite journal| author=Sattar N, Preiss D| title=Diabetic microvascular complications as simple indicators of risk for cardiovascular outcomes and heart failure. | journal=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol | year= 2016 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 555-6 | pmid=27216887 | doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30097-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27216887 }} </ref><ref name="pmid35022686">{{cite journal| author=Mak KH, Vidal-Petiot E, Young R, Sorbets E, Greenlaw N, Ford I | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of diabetes and impact on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndromes, across multiple geographical regions and ethnicities. | journal=Eur J Prev Cardiol | year= 2022 | volume= 28 | issue= 16 | pages= 1795-1806 | pmid=35022686 | doi=10.1093/eurjpc/zwab011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35022686 }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''"
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|”'''2.'''It is recommended that the diagnosis of diabetes is based on HbA1C and/or fasting plasma glucose, or on an OGTT if still in doubt<ref name="pmid12502614">{{cite journal| author=Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus| title=Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2003 | volume= 26 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= S5-20 | pmid=12502614 | doi=10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12502614 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20067953">{{cite journal| author=Cowie CC, Rust KF, Byrd-Holt DD, Gregg EW, Ford ES, Geiss LS | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of diabetes and high risk for diabetes using A1C criteria in the U.S. population in 1988-2006. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2010 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 562-8 | pmid=20067953 | doi=10.2337/dc09-1524 | pmc=2827508 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20067953 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30425094">{{cite journal| author=Arslanian S, Bacha F, Grey M, Marcus MD, White NH, Zeitler P| title=Evaluation and Management of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2018 | volume= 41 | issue= 12 | pages= 2648-2668 | pmid=30425094 | doi=10.2337/dci18-0052 | pmc=7732108 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30425094 }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''"
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| ===Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid37622663">{{cite journal| author=Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ | display-authors=etal| title=2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2023 | volume= 44 | issue= 39 | pages= 4043-4140 | pmid=37622663 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=37622663 }} </ref>===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|"'''1.''' It is recommended to screen patients with diabetes for the presence of severe TOD (target organ damage)<ref name="pmid23013602">{{cite journal| author=Fox CS, Matsushita K, Woodward M, Bilo HJ, Chalmers J, Heerspink HJ | display-authors=etal| title=Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2012 | volume= 380 | issue= 9854 | pages= 1662-73 | pmid=23013602 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61350-6 | pmc=3771350 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23013602 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27216886">{{cite journal| author=Brownrigg JR, Hughes CO, Burleigh D, Karthikesalingam A, Patterson BO, Holt PJ | display-authors=etal| title=Microvascular disease and risk of cardiovascular events among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-level cohort study. | journal=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol | year= 2016 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 588-97 | pmid=27216886 | doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30057-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27216886 }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''"
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|”'''2.'''It is recommended to asses medical history and the presence of symptoms suggestive of ASCVD (Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) in patients with diabetes<ref name="pmid33496366">{{cite journal| author=Ling J, Koye D, Buizen L, Khunti K, Montvida O, Paul SK| title=Temporal trends in co-morbidities and cardiometabolic risk factors at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the UK. | journal=Diabetes Obes Metab | year= 2021 | volume= 23 | issue= 5 | pages= 1150-1161 | pmid=33496366 | doi=10.1111/dom.14323 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33496366 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21403036">{{cite journal| author=Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Lennon L, Sattar N| title=Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in older men: influence of age at onset, diabetes duration, and established and novel risk factors. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 171 | issue= 5 | pages= 404-10 | pmid=21403036 | doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2011.2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21403036 }} </ref><ref name="pmid31301314">{{cite journal| author=Nelson AJ, Peterson ED, Pagidipati NJ| title=Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure: Determinants of risk and outcomes in patients with diabetes. | journal=Prog Cardiovasc Dis | year= 2019 | volume= 62 | issue= 4 | pages= 306-314 | pmid=31301314 | doi=10.1016/j.pcad.2019.07.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31301314 }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''"
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|”'''3.'''In patients with T2DM without symptomatic ASCVD or severe TOD, it is recommended to estimate 10-year CVD risk via SCORE2-Diabetes''<ref name="pmid37247330">{{cite journal| author=SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration| title=SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2023 | volume= 44 | issue= 28 | pages= 2544-2556 | pmid=37247330 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehad260 | pmc=10361012 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=37247330 }} </ref>([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''"
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| ===Recommendations for reducing weight in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular disease (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid37622663">{{cite journal| author=Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ | display-authors=etal| title=2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2023 | volume= 44 | issue= 39 | pages= 4043-4140 | pmid=37622663 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=37622663 }} </ref>===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|"'''1.'''It is recommended that individuals living with overweight or obesity aim to reduce weight and increase physical exercise to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile<ref name="pmid23796131">{{cite journal| author=Look AHEAD Research Group. Wing RR, Bolin P, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Clark JM | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2013 | volume= 369 | issue= 2 | pages= 145-54 | pmid=23796131 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1212914 | pmc=3791615 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23796131 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=24113231 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2014 Apr;19(2):64] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=24126665 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2013 Oct 15;159(8):JC4] </ref><ref name="pmid30852132">{{cite journal| author=Lean MEJ, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, Brosnahan N, Thom G, McCombie L | display-authors=etal| title=Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. | journal=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol | year= 2019 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 344-355 | pmid=30852132 | doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30068-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30852132 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=31426060 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2019 Aug 20;171(4):JC17] </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class II]]
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| | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|"'''1.'''Glucose-lowering medications with effects on weight loss (e.g. GLP-1 RAs) should be considered in patients with overweight or obesity to reduce weight.<ref name="pmid33441402">{{cite journal| author=Palmer SC, Tendal B, Mustafa RA, Vandvik PO, Li S, Hao Q | display-authors=etal| title=Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. | journal=BMJ | year= 2021 | volume= 372 | issue= | pages= m4573 | pmid=33441402 | doi=10.1136/bmj.m4573 | pmc=7804890 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33441402 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=34058114 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):JC67] </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''"
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| | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|”'''2.'''Bariatric surgery should be considered for high and very high risk patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (≥Class IIC) when repetitive and structured efforts of lifestyle changes combined with weight-reducing medications do not result in maintained weight loss. <ref name="pmid29340678">{{cite journal| author=Ikramuddin S, Korner J, Lee WJ, Thomas AJ, Connett JE, Bantle JP | display-authors=etal| title=Lifestyle Intervention and Medical Management With vs Without Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Control of Hemoglobin A1c, LDL Cholesterol, and Systolic Blood Pressure at 5 Years in the Diabetes Surgery Study. | journal=JAMA | year= 2018 | volume= 319 | issue= 3 | pages= 266-278 | pmid=29340678 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.20813 | pmc=5833547 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29340678 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23163728">{{cite journal| author=Sjöström L| title=Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) trial - a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 2013 | volume= 273 | issue= 3 | pages= 219-34 | pmid=23163728 | doi=10.1111/joim.12012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23163728 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33053284">{{cite journal| author=Carlsson LMS, Sjöholm K, Jacobson P, Andersson-Assarsson JC, Svensson PA, Taube M | display-authors=etal| title=Life Expectancy after Bariatric Surgery in the Swedish Obese Subjects Study. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2020 | volume= 383 | issue= 16 | pages= 1535-1543 | pmid=33053284 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2002449 | pmc=7580786 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33053284 }} </ref><ref name="pmid33965067">{{cite journal| author=Syn NL, Cummings DE, Wang LZ, Lin DJ, Zhao JJ, Loh M | display-authors=etal| title=Association of metabolic-bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174 772 participants. | journal=Lancet | year= 2021 | volume= 397 | issue= 10287 | pages= 1830-1841 | pmid=33965067 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00591-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33965067 }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=34487444 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2021 Sep;174(9):JC101] </ref><ref name="pmid33813836">{{cite journal| author=Doumouras AG, Wong JA, Paterson JM, Lee Y, Sivapathasundaram B, Tarride JE | display-authors=etal| title=Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease:: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2021 | volume= 143 | issue= 15 | pages= 1468-1480 | pmid=33813836 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052386 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33813836 }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''"
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{WH}}{{WS}}
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