Paracoccidioidomycosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 21:39, 12 February 2016

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Synonyms and keywords: South American blastomycosis, Brazilian blastomycosis, Paraccocidioidal granuloma, Lutz-Splendore-de-Almeida disease, Almeida disease, PCM

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Paracoccidioidomycosis From Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

Related Chapters

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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-{{Infobox_Disease |
+__NOTOC__
-  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
+{{Paracoccidioidomycosis}}
-  Image          = Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 01.jpg |
-  Caption        = [[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]] |
-  DiseasesDB     = 29815 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|41||b|35}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|116.1}} |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = med |
-  eMedicineTopic = 1731 |
-  MeshID         = D010229 |
-}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{About1|Paracoccidioides brasiliensis}}
-{{EH}}
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
-{{SI}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}}
-'''Paracoccidioidomycosis''' (also known as '''Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease''' or '''Brazilian blastomycosis''') is a [[mycosis]] caused by the [[fungus]] ''[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]]''. Sometimes called ''South American blastomycosis'', paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes [[blastomycosis]].
+{{SK}} South American blastomycosis, Brazilian blastomycosis, Paraccocidioidal granuloma, Lutz-Splendore-de-Almeida disease, Almeida disease, PCM
-== Agent==
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis overview|Overview]]==
-''P. brasiliensis'' is a thermally-dimorphic fungus distributed in [[Brazil]] and [[South America]]. The habitat of the infectious agent is not known but appears to be aquatic. In [[biopsies]] the fungus appears as a polygemulating<!-- not a real word? --> yeast with a pilot's wheel-like appearance.
-== Disease==
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-Paracoccidioidomycosis is a [[systemic mycosis]] caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides. It frequently involves [[mucous membrane]]s, [[lymph node]]s, bone and lungs and requires some degree of host [[immunosuppression]].
-Primary infection is thought to be autolimited and almost asymptomatic as [[histoplasmosis]] or Valley Fever. In young people, there is a progressive form of the disease (akin of tuberculous [[septicemia]] in tuberculous priminfection) with high prostrating fever, generalized [[lymphadenopathy]] and pulmonary involvement with milliary lesions. This juvenile form has a more severe prognosis even with treatment. The most common form is the so called adult form of paracoccidioidomycosis that is almost certainly a reactivation of the disease.
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis classification|Classification]]==
-Painful lesions with a violaceous hue in lips and oral mucosa are common as is cervical lymphadenitis teeming with polygemulating yeasts in the biopsy. In this form, differential diagnosis must be made with mucocutaneous [[leishmaniasis]], [[yaws]] and [[Tuberculosis|TB]].
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-[[Pulmonary]] involvement is also common, it starts as [[lobar pneumonia]] or [[pleurisy]] but without remission at ninth day; the patient remains [[febrile]], [[cough]]s, [[loses weight]] and the [[X rays]] reveal milliary shadows throughout lung fields. Other organs can be involved, like bones, [[meninges]], arteries and [[spleen]] but this is very rare.
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis causes|Causes]]==
-Diagnosis is made with a biopsy of affected tissue, this shows the characteristic helm-shaped yeasts and culture shows the agent. Serology is also used in endemic areas.
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Paracoccidioidomycosis From Other Diseases]]==
-== Treatment==
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-[[Sulphonamide]]s are the traditional remedies to paracoccidiodomycosis. They were introduced by Oliveira Ribeiro and used for more than fifty years with good results. The most used [[sulfa drugs]] in this infection are sulfadimethoxime, [[sulfadiazine]] and [[co-trimoxazole]]. This treatment is generally safe but several adverse effects can appear, the most severe of which are the [[Stevens Johnson Syndrome]] and [[agranulocytosis]]. It must be continued for up to 3 years to obtain cure and relapse and treatment failures aren't unusual.
-Antifungal drugs like [[Amphotericin B]] or [[Ketoconazole]] are also effective in clearing the infection but they are very expensive compared with sulphonamides.
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-During therapy [[fibrosis]] can appear and a surgery be needed to correct this. Other possible complication is Addisonian crisis. The death rate is around ten percent.
+==[[Paracoccidioidomycosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-==External links==
+==Diagnosis==
-* {{MerckManual|13|158|e}}
+[[Paracoccidioidomycosis diagnostic criteria| Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis imaging findings|Imaging Findings]]
-* [http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Mycoses/Dimorphic_systemic/Paracoccidioidomycosis/ Overview] at [[University of Adelaide]]
-{{Mycoses}}
+==Treatment==
+[[Paracoccidioidomycosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] |  [[Paracoccidioidomycosis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Paracoccidioidomycosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-[[es:Paracoccidioidomicosis]]
+==Case Studies==
-[[it:Paracoccidioidomicosi]]
+[[Paracoccidioidomycosis case study one|Case#1]]
-[[pt:Paracoccidioidomicose]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+==Related Chapters==
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+* [[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]]
+[[Category:Fungal diseases]]
+[[Category:Infectious diseases]]