Ankle pain and swelling: Difference between revisions
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Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | | ||
Image = Normal-ankle-001.jpg| | Image = Normal-ankle-001.jpg| | ||
Caption = Normal ankle; Lateral view| | Caption = Normal ankle; Lateral view. <br> [http://www.radswiki.net Image courtesy of RadsWiki]| | ||
DiseasesDB = | | DiseasesDB = | | ||
ICD10 = | | ICD10 = | | ||
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{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
'''Contributors:''' [[User:zorkun|Cafer Zorkun]] M.D., PhD. | |||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
* Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease. | * Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease. | ||
* Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain. | * Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain. | ||
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* Foot series | * Foot series | ||
* Lower leg series | * Lower leg series | ||
[http://www.radswiki.net Images courtesy of RadsWiki] | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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The content on this page was first contributed by {{CMG}} | The content on this page was first contributed by {{CMG}} | ||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms]] | |||
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:58, 1 June 2015
| Ankle pain and swelling | |
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|---|---|
| Normal ankle; Lateral view. Image courtesy of RadsWiki |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Contributors: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD.
Overview
- Common problem that occurs secondary to a chronic or an acute injury or degenerative disease.
- Ankle sprains are the most common cause of ankle pain.
- Ankle sprain are generally a traumatic inversion injury
- Bilateral ankle swelling can be indicative of cardiac or vascular etiologies rather than intrinsic foot/ankle disease
Differential Diagnosis
- Avulsion fracture of the distal fibula
- Bimalleolar fracture
- Degenerative joint disease
- Diabetic arthropathy (Charcot's)
- Inversion sprain
- Inversion/eversion injury of subtalar joint
- Neoplasm
- Peroneal nerve entrapment
- Poor shoe alignment
- Repetitive injury with disruption of the ankle retinaculum
- Syndesmosis injury
- Trimalleolar fracture
Physical Examination
- Complete physical including ankle, foot, lower leg examination
- Pulses
- Neurovascular status
- Color
- Capillary refill
X-Ray
- Ottawa ankle rules determine necessity of ankle x-ray following trauma
- Tender proximal fifth metatarsal
- Tenderness of distal 6 cm of the fibula or tibia
- Tender navicular area
- Cannot bear weight (at least 4 steps)
- Lateral x-rays if needed
- Three-view ankle x-rays
- Stress views
- Foot series
- Lower leg series
-
Normal ankle; Lateral
-
Normal ankle; Oblique
-
Normal ankle; AP
MRI and CT
- CT and MRI if indicated
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Anterior/posterior drawer test
- Range of motion and muscle strength
Treatment
Mnemonics for treatment of ancle pain and swelling.
- PRINCE
- Protection
- Rest
- Ice
- NSAIDs (nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Compression
- Elevation
- Casting if necessary
- To improve range of motion and muscle strength, physical therapy is often recommended
Surgery and Device Based Therapy
- Bracing ankle/foot may prevent reinjury
- Surgery may be necessary for certain fractures
References
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]