Poison control center: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:05, 6 February 2009

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Overview

A poison control center (PCC) or poison information center (PIC) is a medical facility that is able to provide immediate, free, and expert treatment advice and assistance over the telephone in case of exposure to poisonous, or hazardous substances. Poison Control Centers answer questions about potential poisons in addition to providing treatment management advice about personal care products, household products, medicines, pesticides, plants, bites and stings, food poisoning, alcohol, gases, and fumes. More than 75%^[1] of poison exposure cases are managed simply by phone, greatly reducing the need for costly emergency room and doctor visits.^[2] In most countries around the world poison control centers can be reached toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.

History

After World War II there was a proliferation of new drugs and chemicals in the marketplace, similarly suicide and childhood poisonings from these agents drastically increased (around this time up to half of all accidents in children were poisonings with a substantial number of fatalities).^[3] These factors led to the medical community developing a response to both unintentional and intentional poisonings. In Europe in the late 1940s special toxicology wards were set up, initial wards were started in Copenhagen and Budapest, and the Netherlands began a poison information service.^[4] In the USA the first poison information center was started in Chicago in 1953.^[5] By 1957 there were 17 poison control centers in the US, with the Chicago center serving as a model; these centers dealt mainly with physician enquiries by giving ingredient and toxicity information about products, along with treatment recommendations. Over time the poison control centers started taking calls form the general public. The majority of poison centers were not part of a patient treatment facility; they strictly provided information.

In 1958 the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) was founded to promote cooperation between the different cities poison centers and to standardize the operation of these centers. An additional part of the AAPCC activities was poison prevention and education programs for both physicians and the general public. In 1968 the American Academy of Clinical Toxicologists (AACT) was established by a group of medical doctors. The AACT’s main objective was to apply principles of toxicology to patient treatment and improve the standard of care on a national basis. In the 1960s and 1970s a rapid proliferation of poison centers emerged and by 1978 there were 661 centers in the USA. This trend reversed during the 1980s and 1990s with a number of centers closing or merging. In 2000 there was 51 certified centers in the USA.^[6]

A similar movement evolved in Europe but unlike the American movement the majority were centralized toxicology treatment centers with integrated poison information centers. The French developed an inpatient unit for the treatment of poisoned patients in the late 1950s. In England the National Poison Information Service was developed at Guy's Hospital under Dr Roy Goulding.^[4] At around the same time Dr Henry Mathew started a poison treatment center in Edinburgh.^[7] In 1964 the European Association for Poison Control Centers was formed at Tours, France.^[4] Australasian centers were also estabilshed in the 1960s.

Today

USA

The American Association of Poison Control Centers manages the 24-hour hotline, which is continuously staffed by pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and poison information specialists who have received dedicated training in the field of toxicology. It has a TTY/TDD number for the hearing impaired. Poison educators across the country also offer poison prevention training and education sessions to community institutions, along with educational materials. The national phone number is 1-800-222-1222, which routes calls to a local facility.

Rest of the world

Most countries have a poison control center with staffing similar to the American centers. A worldwide directory of poison centers is available from the World Health Organization's website

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-A '''poison control center''' ('''PCC''') or '''poison information center''' ('''PIC''') is a medical facility that is able to provide immediate, free, and expert treatment advice and assistance over the telephone in case of exposure to [[poison]]ous, or hazardous substances. Poison Control Centers answer questions about potential poisons in addition to providing treatment management advice about personal care products, household products, [[medicines]], [[pesticides]], plants, bites and [[Stinger (organ)|stings]], [[food poisoning]], [[alcohol]], [[gases]], and [[Vapor|fumes]]. More than 75%<ref name="Goldfrank">{{cite book | editor = Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS | title = Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies | year = 2002 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | id = ISBN 0-07-136001-8}}</ref> of poison exposure cases are managed simply by phone, greatly reducing the need for costly emergency room and doctor visits.<ref name="Miller-1997">{{cite journal | author = Miller T, Lestina D | title = Costs of poisoning in the United States and savings from poison control centers: a benefit-cost analysis. | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 239-45 | year = 1997 | id = PMID 9018189}}</ref> In most countries around the world poison control centers can be reached toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
+A '''poison control center''' ('''PCC''') or '''poison information center''' ('''PIC''') is a medical facility that is able to provide immediate, free, and expert treatment advice and assistance over the telephone in case of exposure to [[poison]]ous, or hazardous substances. Poison Control Centers answer questions about potential poisons in addition to providing treatment management advice about personal care products, household products, medicines, [[pesticides]], plants, bites and stings, [[food poisoning]], [[alcohol]], [[gases]], and [[Vapor|fumes]]. More than 75%<ref name="Goldfrank">{{cite book | editor = Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS | title = Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies | year = 2002 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | id = ISBN 0-07-136001-8}}</ref> of poison exposure cases are managed simply by phone, greatly reducing the need for costly emergency room and doctor visits.<ref name="Miller-1997">{{cite journal | author = Miller T, Lestina D | title = Costs of poisoning in the United States and savings from poison control centers: a benefit-cost analysis. | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 239-45 | year = 1997 | id = PMID 9018189}}</ref> In most countries around the world poison control centers can be reached toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
 ==History==
-After World War II there was a proliferation of new [[drug]]s and [[chemicals]] in the marketplace, similarly suicide and childhood [[poison]]ings from these agents drastically increased (around this time up to half of all accidents in children were poisonings with a substantial number of fatalities).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Grayson R | title = The poison control movement in the United States | journal = Ind Med Surg | volume = 31 | issue = | pages = 296-7 | year = 1962 | id = PMID 13901334}}</ref> These factors led to the medical community developing a response to both unintentional and intentional poisonings. In [[Europe]] in the late 1940s special toxicology wards were set up, initial wards were started in [[Copenhagen]] and [[Budapest]], and the [[Netherlands]] began a poison information service.<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts">{{cite journal | author = Govaerts M | title = Poison control in Europe | journal = Pediatr Clin North Am | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 729-39 | year = 1970 | id = PMID 5491436}}</ref> In the [[USA]] the first poison information center was started in [[Chicago]] in [[1953]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Press E, Mellins R | title = A poisoning control program | journal = Am J Public Health | volume = 44 | issue = 12 | pages = 1515-25 | year = 1954|id = PMID 13207477}}</ref> By [[1957]] there were 17 poison control centers in the US, with the Chicago center serving as a model; these centers dealt mainly with physician enquiries by giving ingredient and toxicity information about products, along with treatment recommendations. Over time the poison control centers started taking calls form the general public. The majority of poison centers were not part of a patient treatment facility; they strictly provided information.
+After World War II there was a proliferation of new [[drug]]s and [[chemicals]] in the marketplace, similarly suicide and childhood [[poison]]ings from these agents drastically increased (around this time up to half of all accidents in children were poisonings with a substantial number of fatalities).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Grayson R | title = The poison control movement in the United States | journal = Ind Med Surg | volume = 31 | issue = | pages = 296-7 | year = 1962 | id = PMID 13901334}}</ref> These factors led to the medical community developing a response to both unintentional and intentional poisonings. In Europe in the late 1940s special toxicology wards were set up, initial wards were started in Copenhagen and Budapest, and the Netherlands began a poison information service.<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts">{{cite journal | author = Govaerts M | title = Poison control in Europe | journal = Pediatr Clin North Am | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 729-39 | year = 1970 | id = PMID 5491436}}</ref> In the USA the first poison information center was started in Chicago in 1953.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Press E, Mellins R | title = A poisoning control program | journal = Am J Public Health | volume = 44 | issue = 12 | pages = 1515-25 | year = 1954|id = PMID 13207477}}</ref> By 1957 there were 17 poison control centers in the US, with the Chicago center serving as a model; these centers dealt mainly with physician enquiries by giving ingredient and toxicity information about products, along with treatment recommendations. Over time the poison control centers started taking calls form the general public. The majority of poison centers were not part of a patient treatment facility; they strictly provided information.
-In 1958 the [[American Association of Poison Control Centers]] (AAPCC) was founded to promote cooperation between the different cities poison centers and to standardize the operation of these centers. An additional part of the AAPCC activities was poison prevention and education programs for both physicians and the general public. In 1968 the American Academy of Clinical Toxicologists (AACT) was established by a group of medical doctors. The AACT’s main objective was to apply principles of toxicology to patient treatment and improve the standard of care on a national basis. In the 1960s and 1970s a rapid proliferation of poison centers emerged and by 1978 there were 661 centers in the USA. This trend reversed during the 1980s and 1990s with a number of centers closing or merging. In 2000 there was 51 certified centers in the USA.<ref name="Clinical toxicology2001-ford">{{cite book | editor = Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LJ, Erickson T. | title = Clinical toxicology | year = 2001 | publisher = WB Saunders Company | id = ISBN 0-7216-5485-1}}</ref>
+In 1958 the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) was founded to promote cooperation between the different cities poison centers and to standardize the operation of these centers. An additional part of the AAPCC activities was poison prevention and education programs for both physicians and the general public. In 1968 the American Academy of Clinical Toxicologists (AACT) was established by a group of medical doctors. The AACT’s main objective was to apply principles of toxicology to patient treatment and improve the standard of care on a national basis. In the 1960s and 1970s a rapid proliferation of poison centers emerged and by 1978 there were 661 centers in the USA. This trend reversed during the 1980s and 1990s with a number of centers closing or merging. In 2000 there was 51 certified centers in the USA.<ref name="Clinical toxicology2001-ford">{{cite book | editor = Ford MD, Delaney KA, Ling LJ, Erickson T. | title = Clinical toxicology | year = 2001 | publisher = WB Saunders Company | id = ISBN 0-7216-5485-1}}</ref>
-A similar movement evolved in Europe but unlike the American movement the majority were centralized toxicology treatment centers with integrated poison information centers. The [[France|French]] developed an inpatient unit for the treatment of poisoned patients in the late 1950s. In [[England]] the National Poison Information Service was developed at [[Guy's Hospital]] under Dr Roy Goulding.<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts"/>  At around the same time Dr Henry Mathew started a poison treatment center in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Proudfoot A | title = Clinical toxicology&mdash;past, present and future | journal = Hum Toxicol | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 481-7 | year = 1988|id = PMID 3056845}}</ref> In 1964 the European Association for Poison Control Centers was formed at [[Tours]], [[France]].<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts"/> [[Australasian]] centers were also estabilshed in the 1960s.
+A similar movement evolved in Europe but unlike the American movement the majority were centralized toxicology treatment centers with integrated poison information centers. The French developed an inpatient unit for the treatment of poisoned patients in the late 1950s. In England the National Poison Information Service was developed at [[Guy's Hospital]] under Dr Roy Goulding.<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts"/>  At around the same time Dr Henry Mathew started a poison treatment center in Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Proudfoot A | title = Clinical toxicology&mdash;past, present and future | journal = Hum Toxicol | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 481-7 | year = 1988|id = PMID 3056845}}</ref> In 1964 the European Association for Poison Control Centers was formed at Tours, France.<ref name="Pediatr Clin North Am1970-Govaerts"/> Australasian centers were also estabilshed in the 1960s.
 ==Today==
 ===USA===
-The [[American Association of Poison Control Centers]] manages the 24-hour hotline, which is continuously staffed by pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and poison information specialists who have received dedicated training in the field of toxicology. It has a [[Telecommunications device for the deaf|TTY/TDD]] number for the hearing impaired. Poison educators across the country also offer poison prevention training and education sessions to community institutions, along with educational materials. The national phone number is 1-800-222-1222, which routes calls to a local facility.
+The American Association of Poison Control Centers manages the 24-hour hotline, which is continuously staffed by pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and poison information specialists who have received dedicated training in the field of toxicology. It has a [[Telecommunications device for the deaf|TTY/TDD]] number for the hearing impaired. Poison educators across the country also offer poison prevention training and education sessions to community institutions, along with educational materials. The national phone number is 1-800-222-1222, which routes calls to a local facility.
 ===Rest of the world===
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Local Poison Control Centers==
 [http://www.apcc.aspca.org| Animal Poison Control Center]
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 [http://www.pharmacy.arizona.edu/centers/apdic/apdic.shtml| Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center]
-http://www.bannerhealth.com/">Banner
+[http://www.bannerhealth.com Banner Health Poison Center]
-            Health Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            </font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.med.virginia.edu/brpc/"><font size="2">Blue
+[http://www.med.virginia.edu/brpc/ Blue Ridge Poison Center]
-      Ridge Poison Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.calpoison.org">California Poison
+[http://www.calpoison.org California Poison Control System]
-      Control System</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            </font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.carolinas.org/services/poison/"><strong>Carolinas
+[http://www.carolinas.org/services/poison/ Carolinas Poison Center]
-      Poison Center</strong></a></font></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            </font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><strong><a href="http://www.cnypoison.org/">Central New
+[http://www.cnypoison.org/ Central New York Poison Center]
-      York Poison Center</a></strong></font></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            </font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><strong><a href="http://www.bepoisonsmart.com">Central Ohio
+[http://www.bepoisonsmart.com Central Ohio Poison Center]
-      Poison Center</a></strong></font></font></p>
+[http://www.poisoncontrol.org Central Texas Poison Center]
+[http://www.mitoxic.org Children's Hospital of Michigan Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/629/router.asp Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/dpic/ Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center]
+[http://poisoncontrol.uchc.edu Connecticut Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.spectrum-health.org DeVos Children's Hospital Regional Poison Center]
+[http://www.stronghealth.com/services/poison Finger Lakes Regional Poison Center]
+[http://www.fpicn.org Florida Poison Information Center - Jacksonville]
+[http://www.fpicn.org Florida Poison Information Center - Miami]
+[http://www.poisoncentertampa.org Florida Poison Information Center - Tampa ]
+[http://www.georgiapoisoncenter.org Georgia Poison Center]
+[http://www.mnpoison.org Hennepin Regional Poison Center]
+[http://www.PoisonEducation.org Hudson Valley Poison Education Center]
+[http://www.mchc.org/ipc Illinois Poison Center]
+[http://www.clarian.org/clinical/poisoncontrol Indiana Poison Center]
+[http://www.iowapoison.org Iowa Statewide Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.krpc.com/ Kentucky Regional Poison Center]
+[http://www.lapcc.org Louisiana Drug and Poison Information Center]
+[http://www.lirpdic.org Long Island Regional Poison and Drug Information Center]
+[http://www.mdpoison.com Maryland Poison Center]
+[http://www.poison.org National Capital Poison Center]
+[http://www.otago.ac.nz/prevmed/npc.html National Poisons Centre]
+[http://www.nebraskapoison.com Nebraska Regional Poison Center]
+[http://njpies.org New Jersey Poison Information and Education System]
+[http://hsc.unm.edu/pharmacy/poison/ New Mexico Poison Drug Information Center]
+[http://www.poisoncontrol.org North Texas Poison Center ]
+[http://www.oklahomapoison.org Oklahoma Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.sickkids.on.ca Ontario Regional Poison Control Center]
+[http://www.oregonpoison.org Oregon Poison Center]
+[http://www.pharm.sc.edu/pps/pps.htm Palmetto Poison Center]
+[http://www.chp.edu/clinical/03a_poison.php Pittsburgh Poison Center]
+[http://www.maripoisoncenter.com Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island]
+[http://www.poisoncenter.net San Jorge Children's Hospital Poison Center]
+[http://www.poisonlifeline.org Tennessee Poison Center]
+[http://www.nebraskapoison.com Nebraska Poison Control Center]
+[http://poisoncontrol.chop.edu/ The Poison Control Center - Philadelphia ]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            <strong></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.poisoncontrol.org">Central
+[http://www.prosarcorp.com PROSAR International Poison Control Center]
-      Texas Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.mitoxic.org">Children's
-            Hospital of Michigan Poison Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">
-			<a href="http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/629/router.asp">Children's
-      Hospital of Wisconsin Poison Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/dpic/">Cincinnati
-      Drug and Poison Information Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://poisoncontrol.uchc.edu">Connecticut
-            Poison Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.spectrum-health.org">DeVos Children's
+[http://www.chsys.org Regional Poison Control Center - Birmingham]
-      Hospital Regional Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.stronghealth.com/services/poison"><font size="2">Finger
-            Lakes
-      Regional Poison Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.fpicn.org"><font size="2">Florida
-      Poison Information Center - Jacksonville</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.fpicn.org"><font size="2">Florida Poison Information Center - Miami</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.poisoncentertampa.org">Florida Poison Information Center - Tampa</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.georgiapoisoncenter.org"><font size="2">Georgia Poison
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.mnpoison.org"><font size="2">Hennepin Regional Poison
+[http://www.RMPDC.org Rocky Mountain Poison Drug Center]
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.PoisonEducation.org"><font size="2">Hudson Valley Poison
-      Education Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.mchc.org/ipc"><font size="2">Illinois Poison Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.clarian.org/clinical/poisoncontrol"><font size="2">Indiana
-      Poison Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.iowapoison.org">Iowa Statewide Poison
-      Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.krpc.com/"><font size="2">Kentucky Regional Poison
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.lapcc.org"><font size="2">Louisiana Drug and Poison
+[http://www.uthscsa.edu/surgery/poisoncenter South Texas Poison Center ]
-      Information Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.lirpdic.org">Long Island Regional
-      Poison and Drug Information Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.mdpoison.com">Maryland
-      Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.poison.org"><font size="2">National Capital Poison
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.otago.ac.nz/prevmed/npc.html">National
-            Poisons Centre</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>			</strong></font><p align="left"><span lang="en-us"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">
-			<a href="http://www.nebraskapoison.com">Nebraska Regional Poison
+[http://www.utmb.edu/setpc Southeast Texas Poison Center ]
-			Center</a></font></strong></font></span></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://njpies.org"><font size="2">New Jersey Poison Information
-      and Education System</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://hsc.unm.edu/pharmacy/poison/">New Mexico Poison
-      &amp; Drug Information Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.poisoncontrol.org"><font size="2">North Texas Poison
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.oklahomapoison.org">Oklahoma Poison
-      Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.sickkids.on.ca">Ontario Regional Poison
+[http://www.poisoncontrol.org Texas Poison Center Network ]
-      Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.oregonpoison.org">Oregon Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.pharm.sc.edu/pps/pps.htm"><font size="2">Palmetto Poison
-      Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.chp.edu/clinical/03a_poison.php"><font size="2">Pittsburgh
-      Poison Center</font></a></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.maripoisoncenter.com">Regional Center
-      for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>            </strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.poisoncenter.net">San Jorge Children's
-      Hospital Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong>			</strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><a href="http://www.poisonlifeline.org">
+[http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/epidemiology Texas Department of Health]
-			<font size="2">Tennessee Poison Center</font></a><a href="http://www.nebraskapoison.com"><span lang="en-us"><font size="2">
-			</font></span></a><font size="2">
-			&nbsp;</font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://poisoncontrol.chop.edu/">The Poison Control Center -
-      Philadelphia</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.prosarcorp.com">PROSAR International Poison Control
-      Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.chsys.org">Regional Poison Control
-      Center - Birmingham</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.RMPDC.org">Rocky Mountain Poison &amp; Drug Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
+[http://www.panhandlepoison.org Texas Panhandle Poison Center]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.uthscsa.edu/surgery/poisoncenter">South Texas Poison
-      Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.utmb.edu/setpc">Southeast Texas Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.poisoncontrol.org">Texas Poison
-            Center Network</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/epidemiology">Texas Department of
-      Health</a> </font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.panhandlepoison.org">Texas Panhandle Poison Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
+[http://www.uwhospital.org/shells/level2/s-poison.htm University of Wisconsin Hospital Clinics Poison Control Center]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2">            </font></strong></font><p align="left"><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><strong><font size="2"><a href="http://www.uwhospital.org/shells/level2/s-poison.htm">University
-      of Wisconsin Hospital &amp; Clinics Poison Control Center</a></font></strong></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica">            <font size="2"></font></font><p><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.vcu.edu/mcved/"><strong>Virginia Poison Center</strong></a></font></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">			</font></font><p><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><font color="#660066"><strong><span lang="en-us">
-			<a href="http://www.wapc.org">Washington Poison Center</a></span></strong></font></font></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            </font></font><p><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><strong><a href="http://www.poisoncenter.org">West Texas Regional Poison Center</a></strong></font></font></p>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            </font></font><p><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.wvpoisoncenter.org"><strong>West Virginia Poison Center</strong></a></font></font></p>
+[http://www.vcu.edu/mcved/ Virginia Poison Center ]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            </font></font><p><font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.chob.edu/poison"><strong>Western New York Poison
-      Center</strong></a></font></font></p>
+[http://www.wapc.org Washington Poison Center]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            </font></font></blockquote>
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            &nbsp; </font></font><p>
+[http://www.poisoncenter.org West Texas Regional Poison Center]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">            <!--webbot bot="HitCounter" u-custom i-digits="5" i-image="0"
-    PREVIEW="&lt;strong&gt;[Hit Counter]&lt;/strong&gt;" i-resetvalue="0" startspan --><img src="_vti_bin/fpcount.exe///Megaweb/aapccweb/?Page=links.htm%7CImage=0%7CDigits=5" alt="Hit Counter"><!--webbot bot="HitCounter" i-checksum="32418" endspan --> </font></font></p>
+[http://www.wvpoisoncenter.org West Virginia Poison Center]
-<font face="arial, Arial, Helvetica"><font size="2">          </font>
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-== Footnotes ==
+[http://www.chob.edu/poison Western New York Poison Center ]
-<div class="references-small">
-<references />
-</div>
-==See also==
+==References==
-*[[Mr. Yuk]]
+{{Reflist|2}}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 170: / Line 153: @@
 *[http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/centre/directory/en/ World directory of poisons centers]
 *[http://www.toxbase.org/ UK National poisons information service (Toxbase)]
 [[Category:First aid]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Poison control center: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:05, 6 February 2009

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