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{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Name       = Peripheral edema |
   Image         = Massive edema.jpg|
   Image       = Extremities massive edema.jpg|
   Caption       = Massive pretibial edema. <br> (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, California)|
   Caption     = Massive peripheral edema <br> (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)|
  DiseasesDB    = |
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  ICD9          = |
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  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = |
}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{Pedal edema}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{MUT}}


{{Editor Help}}
{{SK}} Lower extremity edema, leg edema
==[[Pedal edema overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Pedal edema historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
Competent venous valves, intermittent leg muscle contraction and respiration is required to support normal venous blood return. When these fail, [[venous insufficiency]] and edema occur. Edema can occur in 2 forms: pitting and non-pitting. Pitting occurs when there is fluid movement when pressure is applied. Non-pitting is swelling of the tissue itself, not an excess of fluid surrounding the tissue.  [[Edema]] is caused by an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the serous cavities, tissues or cells causing painless, non-reddened swelling


== Epidemiology and Demographics ==  
==[[Pedal edema pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


25% of the general population suffers from chronic venous insufficiency.
==[[Pedal edema causes|Causes]]==


== Complete Differential Diagnosis ==
==[[Pedal edema differential diagnosis|Differentiating Pedal Edema from other Diseases]]==


In alphabetical order: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
==[[Pedal edema epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


* [[Abscess]]
==[[Pedal edema risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* [[Acquired C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency]]
* [[Acute glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Addison's Disease]]
* Amniotic band
* [[Angioneurotic edema]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Anorexia Nervosa]]
* [[AV fistula]]
* [[Bartter's Syndrome]]
* [[Beriberi]]
* [[Boils]]
* [[Bruise]]
* [[Bulimia Nervosa]]
* [[Burn]]
* [[Cachexia]]
* [[Carbuncle]]
* [[Cellulitis]]
* Cold (physical stimuli)
* [[Contact dermatitis]]
* [[Contusion]]
* [[Cushing's Syndrome]]
* [[Drugs]]
* [[Erysipelas]]
* [[Exudative enteropathy]]
* [[Filariasis]]
* [[Fracture]]
* [[Frostbite]]
* [[Gas gangrene]]
* [[Gout]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypoplasia]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* Idiopathic edema
* [[Insect bite]]
* [[Irritant]]
* [[Left heart failure]]
* Ligamentous sprain
* [[Liver failure]]
* [[Lymph node]] mass
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Malnutrition]]
* Mediastinal cancer
* [[Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome]]
* [[Milroy's Disease]]
* Musculoskeletal trauma
* [[Myocardial Infarction]]
* [[Neoplasm]]
* [[Nephrotic Syndrome]]
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* Peripheral nerve lesion
* [[Premenstrual]] edema
* [[Right heart failure]]
* [[Scleroderma]]
*[[Sepsis syndrome]]
* [[Snakebites]]
* [[Starvation]] [[edema]]
* [[Sunburn]]
* Surgical excision
* Tendonous strain
* Thoracic [[aneurysm]]
* [[Thrombophlebitis]]
* [[Thrombosis]]
* Tight clothing
* [[Trichinosis]]
* [[Tumor]]s
* [[Varicose veins]]


== Acknowledgements ==
==[[Pedal edema natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.


==Diagnosis==
[[Pedal edema history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Pedal edema physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Pedal edema laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Pedal edema chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Pedal edema CT|CT]] | [[Pedal edema MRI|MRI]] | [[Pedal edema echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Pedal edema other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Pedal edema other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
[[Pedal edema medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Pedal edema surgery|Surgery]] | [[Pedal edema primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Pedal edema secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Pedal edema cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Pedal edema future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


{{Symptoms and signs}}
== Case Studies ==
{{SIB}}
[[Pedal edema case study one|Case #1]]
 
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Physical Examination]]
[[Category:Physical examination]]
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Latest revision as of 23:36, 29 July 2020

Peripheral edema
Massive peripheral edema
(Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)

Pedal edema Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pedal edema from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pedal edema On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pedal edema

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pedal edema

CDC on Pedal edema

Pedal edema in the news

Blogs on Pedal edema

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pedal edema

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pedal edema

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Lower extremity edema, leg edema

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pedal Edema from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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