|
|
| (23 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{drugbox | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (Injection)}} |
| | IUPAC_name = (4''R'')-4-[(2''S'')-2-({2-[(1''S'')-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]- 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}formamido)-4-methylpentanamido]-4-{[(1''S'')- 1-{[(3''S'',6''R'',9''S'',12''R'',15''S'',18''R'',21''S'')- 18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-(butan-2-yl)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)- 6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1''H''-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20- heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclopentacosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}- 2-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (topical)}} |
| | image = Bacitracin A.svg.png
| | {{Details0|Bacitracin (opthalmic)}} |
| | CAS_number = 1405-87-4
| |
| | ATC_prefix = D06
| |
| | ATC_suffix = AX05
| |
| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R02|AB04}}
| |
| | PubChem = 439542
| |
| | DrugBank = APRD00816
| |
| | C = 66 | H = 103 | N = 17 | O = 16 | S = 1
| |
| | molecular_weight = 1422.69 g/mol
| |
| | bioavailability =
| |
| | protein_bound =
| |
| | metabolism =
| |
| | elimination_half-life =
| |
| | pregnancy_category =
| |
| | legal_status = OTC/℞-only
| |
| | routes_of_administration = [[Topical]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]]
| |
| }}
| |
| {{SI}}
| |
| {{CMG}}
| |
| | |
| {{EH}} | |
| | |
| ==Overview==
| |
| '''Bacitracin''' is a mixture of related cyclic [[peptide|polypeptide]]s produced by [[organism]]s of the licheniformis group of ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'' ''var'' Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy.<ref>Johnson B, Anker H, Meleney F (1945). "Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group". ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' '''102''' (2650): 376–377.</ref> As a toxic and difficult-to-use [[antibiotic]], bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically.
| |
| | |
| Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that [[ribosome]]s are not involved in its [[nonribosomal peptide|synthesis]].
| |
| | |
| ==Mechanism of action==
| |
| Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the [[carbon|C]]<sub>55</sub>-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223].
| |
| | |
| ==Clinical use==
| |
| Bacitracin is used in human medicine and is "approved by the [[FDA]] for use in chickens and turkeys."<ref name="disc">[http://discovermagazine.com/2007/sep/better-planet Antibiotic use on the farm hurts people—and doesn’t help the bottom line.] [[Discover Magazine]]. Accessed on [[September 16]], [[2007]].</ref> | |
| | |
| As bacitracin zinc salt, and in combination with other topical antibiotics (usually [[polymyxin B]] and [[neomycin]]), it is used in [[ointment]] form for topical treatment of a variety of localized skin and eye infections, as well as for the prevention of wound [[infection]]s. In the [[United States]] a popular brand name [[Neosporin]] contains Bacitracin as one of its [[antibiotic]] agents along with [[Neomycin]] and [[Polymyxin B]]. Bacitracin can also be bought in pure form for those with allergies.
| |
| | |
| It is also commonly used as an aftercare antibiotic on tattoos. It is preferred over Neosporin because of its fewer ingredients, which lowers chances of an allergic reaction.<ref>http://tattoo.about.com/cs/tatfaq/a/aftrcr_cntrdctn.htm</ref>
| |
| | |
| In infants, it is sometimes administered [[intramuscular]]ly for the treatment of [[pneumonia]]s. This formulation is sold under the brand name Baciim®.
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| <div class="references-small"><references/></div>
| |
| | |
| {{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
| |
| {{PolypeptideAntiBiotics}}
| |
| {{Throat preparations}}
| |
| {{SIB}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Polypeptide antibiotics]]
| |
| <br>
| |
| | |
| [[fr:Bacitracine]]
| |
| [[ja:バシトラシン]]
| |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |