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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Angina pectoris]] is a sensation of chest discomfort that is often described as: a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain.  [[Angina pectoris]] is a characteristic of [[coronary heart disease]]. When it occurs chronically, this is referred to as [[stable angina]].


[[Angina pectoris]] is the sensation of chest discomfort which can be a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain. It is typically aggravated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or [[nitroglycerin]].
==Definition of Stable Angina==
 
* [[Angina pectoris]]<ref>2007 chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Group to develop the focused update of the 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina.Fraker TD Jr, Fihn SD; 2002 Chronic Stable Angina Writing Committee; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association, Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Williams SV, Smith SC Jr, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Halperin JL, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Dec 4;50(23):2264-74. No abstract available. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Dec 4;50(23):e1. Pasternak, Richard C [removed].PMID: 18061078</ref><ref>ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr, Fihn SD, Fraker TD Jr, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 1;41(1):159-68. No abstract available.PMID: 12570960</ref> is the sensation of chest discomfort that is often described as a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain.
[[Angina pectoris]] is a sign of [[coronary heart disease]]. If it occurs chronically this is called [[stable angina]]. [[Stable angina pectoris]] is a clinical diagnosis that is established by a careful medical history. As the name of the syndrome suggests, chronic stable angina pectoris is [[chest discomfort]] that has been present over months to years without substantial acceleration in the severity, provoking stimuli or frequency of the symptoms.
* [[Angina pectoris]] is a sign of [[coronary heart disease]]. When it occurs chronically, this is termed [[stable angina]]. Stable angina pain is typically aggravated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or [[nitroglycerin]].
 
* [[Stable angina pectoris]] is a clinical diagnosis that is established by a careful assessment of medical history. As the name of the syndrome suggests, chronic stable angina pectoris is [[chest discomfort]] that has been present over months to years without substantial acceleration in the severity, provoking stimuli or frequency of the symptoms. This type of chest discomfort is caused by [[myocardial ischemia]] which is insufficient in intensity to result in permanent cell death or [[myocardial necrosis]].
The chest discomfort is caused by [[myocardial ischemia]] which is not sufficient in intensity to result in permanent cell death or [[myocardial necrosis]]. Chronic stable angina is the most common symptomatic manifestation of [[obstructive coronary artery disease]]. [[Angina pectoris]] occurs when there is insufficient [[myocardial perfusion]] to meet the oxygen/metabolic demands of the myocardium.


==Differentiating Stable Angina from Unstable Angina and Acute Coronary Syndromes==
If [[angina pectoris]] occurs at rest or in an accelerating pattern this is called an [[acute coronary syndrome]] and can be a symptom of either:
If [[angina pectoris]] occurs at rest or in an accelerating pattern this is called an [[acute coronary syndrome]] and can be a symptom of either:
#[[Unstable angina]]: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart but without irreversible damage
*[[Unstable angina]]: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart without irreversible damage
#[[Non ST elevation MI]]: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart with irreversible damage
*[[Non ST elevation MI]]: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart with irreversible damage
#[[ST elevation MI]]: A closed artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart and irreversible damage
*[[ST elevation MI]]: A closed artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart and irreversible damage
 
==Additional Resources==
* [http://www.themdtv.org The MD TV: Comments on Hot Topics, State of the Art Presentations in Cardiovascular Medicine, Expert Reviews on Cardiovascular Research]
* [http://www.clinicaltrialresults.org Clinical Trial Results: An up to dated resource of Cardiovascular Research]
 
 
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Latest revision as of 15:01, 29 January 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] ; Vijay Kunadian, M.D., Ph.D.

Overview

Angina pectoris is a sensation of chest discomfort that is often described as: a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain. Angina pectoris is a characteristic of coronary heart disease. When it occurs chronically, this is referred to as stable angina.

Definition of Stable Angina

  • Angina pectoris[1][2] is the sensation of chest discomfort that is often described as a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain.
  • Angina pectoris is a sign of coronary heart disease. When it occurs chronically, this is termed stable angina. Stable angina pain is typically aggravated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
  • Stable angina pectoris is a clinical diagnosis that is established by a careful assessment of medical history. As the name of the syndrome suggests, chronic stable angina pectoris is chest discomfort that has been present over months to years without substantial acceleration in the severity, provoking stimuli or frequency of the symptoms. This type of chest discomfort is caused by myocardial ischemia which is insufficient in intensity to result in permanent cell death or myocardial necrosis.

Differentiating Stable Angina from Unstable Angina and Acute Coronary Syndromes

If angina pectoris occurs at rest or in an accelerating pattern this is called an acute coronary syndrome and can be a symptom of either:

  • Unstable angina: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart without irreversible damage
  • Non ST elevation MI: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart with irreversible damage
  • ST elevation MI: A closed artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart and irreversible damage

References

  1. ↑ 2007 chronic angina focused update of the ACC/AHA 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Group to develop the focused update of the 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina.Fraker TD Jr, Fihn SD; 2002 Chronic Stable Angina Writing Committee; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association, Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Williams SV, Smith SC Jr, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Halperin JL, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Dec 4;50(23):2264-74. No abstract available. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Dec 4;50(23):e1. Pasternak, Richard C [removed].PMID: 18061078
  2. ↑ ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina--summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr, Fihn SD, Fraker TD Jr, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina).J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 1;41(1):159-68. No abstract available.PMID: 12570960

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