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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Reye's syndrome|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Reye's syndrome|here]]''' | ||
{{ | {{Reye's syndrome (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Ethan Leeman | |||
==Overview== | |||
Reye syndrome is sudden (acute) brain damage ([[encephalopathy]]) and [[Liver#Physiology|liver function]] problems of unknown cause. | |||
The syndrome has occurred with the use of [[aspirin]] to treat [[chickenpox]] or the [[flu]] in children. However, it has become very uncommon since [[aspirin]] is no longer recommended for routine use in children. | |||
==What | ==What are the symptoms of Reye's syndrome?== | ||
Reye syndrome often begins with [[vomiting]], which lasts for many hours. The [[vomiting]] is quickly followed by irritable and aggressive behavior. As the condition gets worse, the child may be unable to stay awake and alert. | |||
Reye syndrome | Other symptoms of Reye syndrome: | ||
* [[Confusion]] | |||
* [[Lethargy]] | |||
* [[Loss of consciousness]] or [[coma]] | |||
* [[Mental changes]] | |||
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | |||
* [[Seizures]] | |||
* Unusual placement of arms and legs ([[decerebrate posture]]) -- the arms are extended straight and turned toward the body, the legs are held straight, and the toes are pointed downward | |||
Other symptoms that can occur with this disorder include: | |||
* | * [[Double vision]] | ||
* | * [[Hearing loss]] | ||
* Muscle function loss or [[paralysis]] of the arms or legs | |||
* [[Speech difficulties]] | |||
* Weakness in the arms or legs | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==What causes Reye's syndrome?== | |||
Reye's syndrome is of unknown cause. | |||
===Diseases with similar symptoms=== | |||
Causes for similar symptoms include | |||
*Various [[inborn metabolic disorders]] | |||
*[[Viral encephalitis]] | |||
*[[Drug overdose]] or [[poisoning]] | |||
*[[Head trauma]] | |||
*[[Hepatic failure]] due to other causes | |||
*[[Meningitis]] | |||
*[[Renal failure]] | |||
==Who is at risk | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
Reye syndrome is most often seen in children ages 4 - 12. Most cases that occur with chickenpox are in children ages 5 - 9. Cases that occur with the flu (influenzae type B) are usually in children ages 10 - 14. | Reye syndrome is most often seen in children ages 4 - 12. Most cases that occur with [[chickenpox]] are in children ages 5 - 9. Cases that occur with the [[flu]] ([[influenzae type B]]) are usually in children ages 10 - 14. | ||
Children with Reye syndrome get sick very suddenly. Reye syndrome usually follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) or chickenpox by about 1 week. | Children with Reye syndrome get sick very suddenly. Reye syndrome usually follows an [[upper respiratory infection]] ([[URI]]) or [[chickenpox]] by about 1 week. | ||
==Diagnosis== | |||
== | There are a range of tests, having varying accuracy. Some require only a blood sample while others require more invasive measures, such as a [[biopsy]]. The tests are: | ||
There are a range of tests, having varying accuracy. Some require only a blood sample while others require more invasive measures, such as a biopsy. The tests are: | *[[Blood chemistry tests]] | ||
*Blood chemistry tests | *Head [[CT]] or head [[MRI]] scan | ||
*Head CT or head MRI scan | *[[Liver biopsy]] | ||
*Liver biopsy | *[[Liver function tests]] | ||
*Liver function tests | |||
*Serum ammonia test | *Serum ammonia test | ||
*Spinal tap | *[[Spinal tap]] | ||
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your child has confusion, lethargy, or other mental changes. | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your child has [[confusion]], [[lethargy]], or other mental changes. | |||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
There is no specific treatment for this condition. The health care provider will monitor the pressure in the [[brain]], [[blood gases]], and blood [[acid-base balance]] (pH). | |||
There is no specific treatment for this condition. The health care provider will monitor the pressure in the brain, blood gases, and blood acid-base balance (pH). | |||
Treatments may include: | Treatments may include: | ||
*[[Mechanical ventilation|Breathing support]] (a breathing machine may be needed during a deep [[coma]]) | |||
*[[Fluids by IV]] to provide [[electrolytes]] and [[glucose]] | |||
*[[Steroids]] to reduce swelling in the brain | |||
==Where to find medical care for Reye's syndrome?== | |||
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Reye's Syndrome}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Reye's syndrome] | |||
==Where to find medical care for | |||
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}| | |||
==Prevention of Reye's syndrome== | ==Prevention of Reye's syndrome== | ||
Never give a child [[aspirin]] unless told to do so by your doctor. | |||
When a child must take [[aspirin]], take care to reduce the child's risk of catching a viral illness such as the [[flu]] and [[chickenpox]]. Avoid [[aspirin]] for several weeks after the child has received a [[varicella(chickenpox) vaccine]]. | |||
When a child must take aspirin, take care to reduce the child's risk of catching a viral illness such as the flu and chickenpox. Avoid aspirin for several weeks after the child has received a varicella (chickenpox) vaccine. | |||
Other over-the-counter medications, such as [[Pepto-Bismol]] and substances with [[oil of wintergreen]] also contain [[aspirin]] compounds called [[salicylates]]. Do not give these to a child who has a [[cold]] or [[fever]]. | |||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | |||
Documented cases of Reye’s syndrome in adults are rare. The recovery of adults with the syndrome is generally complete, with liver and brain function returning to normal within two weeks of the illness. In children, however, mild to severe permanent brain damage is possible, especially in infants. Over thirty percent of the cases reported in the United States from 1981 through 1997 resulted in fatality. | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
* | *http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001565.htm | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Patient information]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics patient information]] | |||
[[Category:Toxicology]] | |||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology patient information]] | |||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | |||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | |||
{{ | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | |||
Latest revision as of 13:50, 31 July 2012
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
|
Reye's syndrome |
|
Reye's syndrome On the Web |
|---|
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Ethan Leeman
Overview
Reye syndrome is sudden (acute) brain damage (encephalopathy) and liver function problems of unknown cause.
The syndrome has occurred with the use of aspirin to treat chickenpox or the flu in children. However, it has become very uncommon since aspirin is no longer recommended for routine use in children.
What are the symptoms of Reye's syndrome?
Reye syndrome often begins with vomiting, which lasts for many hours. The vomiting is quickly followed by irritable and aggressive behavior. As the condition gets worse, the child may be unable to stay awake and alert.
Other symptoms of Reye syndrome:
- Confusion
- Lethargy
- Loss of consciousness or coma
- Mental changes
- Nausea and vomiting
- Seizures
- Unusual placement of arms and legs (decerebrate posture) -- the arms are extended straight and turned toward the body, the legs are held straight, and the toes are pointed downward
Other symptoms that can occur with this disorder include:
- Double vision
- Hearing loss
- Muscle function loss or paralysis of the arms or legs
- Speech difficulties
- Weakness in the arms or legs
What causes Reye's syndrome?
Reye's syndrome is of unknown cause.
Diseases with similar symptoms
Causes for similar symptoms include
- Various inborn metabolic disorders
- Viral encephalitis
- Drug overdose or poisoning
- Head trauma
- Hepatic failure due to other causes
- Meningitis
- Renal failure
Who is at highest risk?
Reye syndrome is most often seen in children ages 4 - 12. Most cases that occur with chickenpox are in children ages 5 - 9. Cases that occur with the flu (influenzae type B) are usually in children ages 10 - 14.
Children with Reye syndrome get sick very suddenly. Reye syndrome usually follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) or chickenpox by about 1 week.
Diagnosis
There are a range of tests, having varying accuracy. Some require only a blood sample while others require more invasive measures, such as a biopsy. The tests are:
- Blood chemistry tests
- Head CT or head MRI scan
- Liver biopsy
- Liver function tests
- Serum ammonia test
- Spinal tap
When to seek urgent medical care?
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your child has confusion, lethargy, or other mental changes.
Treatment options
There is no specific treatment for this condition. The health care provider will monitor the pressure in the brain, blood gases, and blood acid-base balance (pH).
Treatments may include:
- Breathing support (a breathing machine may be needed during a deep coma)
- Fluids by IV to provide electrolytes and glucose
- Steroids to reduce swelling in the brain
Where to find medical care for Reye's syndrome?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Reye's syndrome
Prevention of Reye's syndrome
Never give a child aspirin unless told to do so by your doctor.
When a child must take aspirin, take care to reduce the child's risk of catching a viral illness such as the flu and chickenpox. Avoid aspirin for several weeks after the child has received a varicella(chickenpox) vaccine.
Other over-the-counter medications, such as Pepto-Bismol and substances with oil of wintergreen also contain aspirin compounds called salicylates. Do not give these to a child who has a cold or fever.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Documented cases of Reye’s syndrome in adults are rare. The recovery of adults with the syndrome is generally complete, with liver and brain function returning to normal within two weeks of the illness. In children, however, mild to severe permanent brain damage is possible, especially in infants. Over thirty percent of the cases reported in the United States from 1981 through 1997 resulted in fatality.