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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
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| {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
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| Name = Mitral regurgitation |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|05|1|i|05}}, {{ICD10|I|34|0|i|30}}, {{ICD10|Q|23|3|q|20}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|394.1}}, {{ICD9|424.0}}, {{ICD9|746.6}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| Image = Mitral valve insufficiency.jpg|
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| Caption = Mitral valve insufficiency with severe left atrial dilatation. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small> |
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| OMIM = |
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| OMIM_mult = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| eMedicineSubj = emerg |
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| eMedicineTopic = 314 |
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| DiseasesDB = 8275 |
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| }}
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{SI}} | | {| class="infobox" style="float:right;" |
| {{CMG}} | | |- |
| | | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Mitral regurgitation resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> |
| | | [[Mitral regurgitation resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] |
| | |} |
| | {{Mitral regurgitation}} |
| | {{Patient}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, {{VK}}, {{LG}}, [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org], {{Rim}} |
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| '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S ; [[Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan]], M.B.B.S
| | {{SK}} Mitral insufficiency; mitral regurge; mitral valve incompetence; MR; MI; leaky mitral valve |
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| {{Editor Help}}
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation overview|Overview]]== |
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| '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Mitral insufficiency, mitral regurge, MR.
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation classification|Classification]]== |
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| '''Mitral regurgitation''' ('''MR'''), '''mitral insufficiency''' or '''mitral incompetence''' is a disorder of the [[heart]] in which the [[mitral valve]] does not close properly when the heart pumps out [[blood]]. It is the abnormal leaking of blood from the [[left ventricle]], through the mitral valve, and into the [[left atrium]], when the left ventricle contracts, i.e. there is [[Regurgitation (circulation)|regurgitation]] of blood back into the left atrium.<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/Other/Diseases/Mitral%20valve%20regurgitation Mitral valve regurgitation] at [[Mount Sinai Hospital, New York|Mount Sinai Hospital]]</ref> MR is the most common form of [[valvular heart disease]].<ref name='MedlineMitChron2008'>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Weinrauch |first=LA |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |encyclopedia=Medline Plus Encyclopedia |title=Mitral regurgitation - chronic |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000176.htm |accessdate=2009-12-04 |edition= |date=2008-05-12 |year= |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health |volume= |location= |id= |doi= |pages= |quote= }}</ref>
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Epidemiology|Epidemiology]]== | | ==[[Mitral regurgitation causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==[[Mitral Regurgitation Natural History|Natural History]]==
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==[[Mitral regurgitation differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mitral Regurgitation from other Diseases]]== |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation DDx|Differential Diagnosis]]===
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Symptoms|Symptoms]]===
| | ==[[Mitral regurgitation natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation Physical Examination|Physical Examination]]=== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | | [[Mitral regurgitation stages|Stages]] | [[Mitral regurgitation history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Physical Examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mitral regurgitation chest x-ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mitral regurgitation electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Mitral regurgitation cardiac MRI|Cardiac MRI]] | [[Mitral regurgitation cardiac catheterization|Cardiac Catheterization]] |
| ==Diagnostic Studies==
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| There are many diagnostic tests that have abnormal results in the presence of mitral regurgitation.
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| These tests suggest the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation and may indicate to the physician that further testing is warranted. For instance, the [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG) in long standing mitral regurgitation may show evidence of left atrial enlargement and [[left ventricular hypertrophy]].
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| [[Atrial fibrillation]] may also be noted on the ECG in individuals with chronic mitral regurgitation. | |
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| The ECG may not show any of these finding in the setting of acute mitral regurgitation.
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| The quantification of mitral regurgitation usually employs imaging studies such as echocardiography or magnetic resonance angiography of the heart.
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| [[Mitral Regurgitation Chest x-ray|Chest x-ray]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Mitral Regurgitation Ventriculogram|Ventriculogram]] | |
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| ===[[Mitral Regurgitation 2D Echocardiology|Aetiology and morphological features in 2-D Echocardiography]]===
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| ===[[MR Severity Âśśeśśment|Severity Assessment]]===
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| ===[[Quantification of MR|Quantification]]===
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| ===[[MR Severity (Summary)|Severity (Summary)]]===
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| The treatment of mitral regurgitation depends on the acuteness of the disease and whether there are associated signs of hemodynamic compromise.
| | [[Mitral Regurgitation Treatment Overview|Overview]] | [[Acute mitral regurgitation treatment|Acute Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[Chronic mitral regurgitation treatment|Chronic Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[Mitral regurgitation surgery|Surgery]] | [[Mitral regurgitation follow up|Follow Up]] |
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| [[MR: Acute MR|Acute Mitral Regurgitation]] | [[MR: Chronic MR|Chronic Mitral Regurgitation]] | |
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Mitral valve]]
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| * [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
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| * [[Mitral stenosis]]
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| == External Links == | | ==Case Studies == |
| * [http://www.echoincontext.com/2000_video.asp Echo in context: Video lessons and slides of mitral regurgitation]
| | [[Mitral regurgitation case study one|Case #1]] |
| * [http://www.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/echo_atlas/entities/mitral_regurgitation.html Yale atlas of echocardiography: Mitral regurgitation ]
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| * [http://heartcenter.seattlechildrens.org/conditions_treated/mitral_valve_abnormalities.asp Mitral Regurgitation information] from Seattle Children's Hospital Heart Center
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| * [http://www.mitralvalverepair.org Mitral Valve Repair at The Mount Sinai Hospital]
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| * [http://mitralregurgitation.org/Pages/call_center.html NEW Investigational Treatment in the EVEREST II Clinical Research Study - Percutaneous Mitral Repair]
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| == Acknowledgements ==
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| The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
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| {{Circulatory system pathology}}
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| {{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[Category:Valvular heart disease]] | | [[Category:Valvular heart disease]] |
| [[Category:Cardiology]] | | [[Category:Cardiology]] |
| [[Category:DiseaseState]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | | [[Category:Cardiac surgery]] |
| {{Link FA|de}}
| | [[Category:Surgery]] |
| [[de:Mitralklappeninsuffizienz]]
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| [[es:Insuficiencia mitral]] | |
| [[ja:僧帽弁閉鎖不全]] | |
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