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| {{Chronic stable angina}}
| | #redirect:[[Syndrome X]] |
| {{CMG}}; Associate Editor-In-Chief: {{CZ}}
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| ==Overview==
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| One of the clinical subsets of [[angina]] <ref>{{cite book |last= Braunwald |first= Eugene |coauthors= Lee Goldman |title= [[Primary Cardiology]] |publisher= [[Saunders]] |year= 2003 |isbn= 0-7216-9444-6}}</ref> is described below.
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| ==Syndrome X==
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| *Syndrome X is defined as the '''presence of typical anginal chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries.'''
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| *Although the syndrome originally referred to patients in whom the [[chest pain]] was due to non coronary causes, the current, stricter definition limits it to those patients who appear to have true [[myocardial ischemia]] despite epicardial coronary arteries that are normal or nearly so on coronary angiography.
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| *To establish the diagnosis, patients must have evidence of [[myocardial ischemia]] by exercise [[ECG]], [[stress scintigraphy]], or [[stress echocardiography]] in conjunction with anginal chest discomfort.
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| :*Some of these patients have documented reductions in coronary vasodilator reserve presumably due to abnormalities in the [[coronary microcirculation]] and can be shown to have true [[ischemia]] because their [[myocardium]] produces rather than removes lactate during stress.
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| *The syndrome may be more common in patients with hypertrophied myocardium secondary to any cause.
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| *The prognosis in terms of major coronary events appears to be benign.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Disease state]]
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| [[Category:Ischemic heart diseases]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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