Cardiomegaly differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Template:Cardiomegaly}}
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[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomegaly]]


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor in Chief:''' {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}


==Differential diagnosis of cardiomegaly==
{{SK}} pseudo-cardiomegaly; pseudocardiomegaly


In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
==Overview==
Cardiomegaly must be distinguished from pseudo-cardiomegaly, a scenario in which the apparent size of the heart is artificially increased. Disorders and conditions which falsely increase the apparent size of the heart include [[straight back syndrome]], a disorder in which the heart is "pancaked" or compressed; and obtaining the chest x-ray during expiration at which time the diameter of the lungs is decreased and the relative diameter of the heart and aorta is increased.


* [[Acromegaly]]
==Diseases From Which Cardiomegaly Must Be Distinguished==
* [[Cardiomyopathy|Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Epicardial fat pad]]
* [[Amyloidosis]]
*Expiration: If the chest x-ray is obtained during expiration, the lung volume will be decreased and the cardiac size and aortic size will be relatively increased.  The traditional metrics used to diagnose cardiomegaly do not apply in this case.
* [[Anemia]]
*[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
* [[Primary Cardiac Tumors|Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Mediastinal mass]]
* [[Carcinoid]]
*[[Pectus excavatum]]
* [[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]] ([[COPD]])
*[[Pulmonary blastoma]]<ref>http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2013/bcr-2013-010179.full.pdf</ref>
* [[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Straight back syndrome]] with pancake heart:  This can cause a leftward shift of the heart on the chest x-ray.  The heart can be "pancaked" or compressed.
* [[Congestive Heart Failure]] [[CHF]]
*[[Thymus tumor]]
* [[Ddx:Cor Pulmonale|Cor pulmonale]]
* [[Drug]]s
* [[Endocardial fibroelastosis]]
* Epicardial fat pad
* [[Fabry's Disease]]
* [[Hemochromatosis]]
* [[Hurler's Syndrome]]
* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[HOCM|Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Ddx:Hypocalcemia|Hypocalcemia]]
* [[Hypomagnesemia]]
* [[Hypoparathyroidism]]
* [[Hypophosphatemia]]
* [[Cardiomyopathy|Idiopathic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[CAD|Ischemic heart disease]]
* [[Kyphoscoliosis]]
* [[Marfan's Syndrome]]
* [[Mediastinal mass]]
* [[Myocarditis]]
* Normal, "athletic" heart
* [[Pompe's Disease]]
* [[Postradiation]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Primary pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
* [[Renal failure]]: [[Acute Renal Failure]] and [[Chronic Renal Failure]]
* [[Scleroderma]]
* [[Sickle cell disease]]
* [[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]]
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
* [[Valvular heart disease]]
 
== Differential Diagnosis of Specific Chamber Enlargements==
=== Left Atrial Enlargement ===
* [[Atrial]] [[aneurysm]]
* [[Infective endocarditis]]
* [[Left heart failure]]
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]
* [[Mitral stenosis]]
* [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
* [[Myxedma]]
* [[Patent Ductus Arteriosus]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
 
=== Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ===
* [[Acromegaly]]
* [[Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Aortic coarctation]]
* [[Aortic regurgitation]]
* [[Aortic stenosis]]
* [[Chronic Renal Failure]]
* [[Familial dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] ([[HCM]])
* [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]
* [[Patent Ductus Arteriosus]]
* [[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Thalassemia]]
 
=== Right Atrial Enlargement ===
* [[Atrial]] [[aneurysm]]
* [[Atrial septal defect]]
* [[Ebstein's anomaly]]
* [[Pulmonic stenosis]]
* [[Cor pulmonale|Right heart failure]]
* [[Tricuspid prolapse]]
* [[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
* [[Tricuspid stenosis]]
* [[Primary Cardiac Tumors|Tumor]]
 
=== Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ===
* [[Atrial septal defect]]
* [[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]] ([[COPD]])
* [[Ddx:Cor Pulmonale|Cor pulmonale]]
* [[Eisenmenger's Syndrome]]
* [[Left ventricular hypertrophy]] or [[Left ventricular dilation]]
* [[Mitral stenosis]]
* [[Pickwickian Syndrome]]
* [[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
* [[Pulmonic stenosis]]
* [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
* [[Transposition of the Great Vessels]]
* [[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]


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Latest revision as of 19:06, 7 March 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: pseudo-cardiomegaly; pseudocardiomegaly

Overview

Cardiomegaly must be distinguished from pseudo-cardiomegaly, a scenario in which the apparent size of the heart is artificially increased. Disorders and conditions which falsely increase the apparent size of the heart include straight back syndrome, a disorder in which the heart is "pancaked" or compressed; and obtaining the chest x-ray during expiration at which time the diameter of the lungs is decreased and the relative diameter of the heart and aorta is increased.

Diseases From Which Cardiomegaly Must Be Distinguished

References

  1. ↑ http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2013/bcr-2013-010179.full.pdf


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