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| {{Infobox_Disease |
| | #redirect:[[Dysphonia]] |
| Name = Dysphonia |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|49||r|47}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|784.49}} |
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| }}
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{EH}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Dysphonia''' is the medical term for hoarseness or other [[phonation]] disorders. It is considered much less severe than [[aphonia]]. Hoarseness can be a change in pitch, a rough sound of the voice, or an increased effort in speaking.
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| * '''Acute''' hoarseness has a sudden onset and lasts fewer than 2 weeks
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| * '''Chronic''' hoarseness lasts longer than 2 weeks
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| ==Classificaiton of Dysphonia==
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| * Organic dysphonia
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| * Functional dysphonia
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| *[[Spasmodic dysphonia]]
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| == Differential Diagnosis ==
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| In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
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| === Acute ===
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| * Acute viral [[laryngitis]]
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| * [[Aortic aneurysm]]
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| * [[Aortic dissection]]
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| * [[Anaphylaxis]]
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| * Bacterial [[tracheitis]] / [[laryngitis]]
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| * [[Cerebrovascular accident]] ([[CVA]])
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| * [[Chorditis]]
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| * [[Croup]]
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| * Deep space face and neck infection
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| * [[Epiglottitis]]
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| * Foreign body
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| * [[Head injury]]
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| * [[Laryngitis]]
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| * [[Laryngotracheobronchitis]]
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| * Overstress of vocal cords (speaking, shouting, singing, crying)
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| * [[Sinusitis]]
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| * [[Smoke irritation]]
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| * Surgery
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| * [[Trauma]]
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| * [[Upper Respiratory Infection]]
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| === Chronic ===
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| * Aging
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| * [[Allergic Rhinitis]]
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| * [[Amyloidosis]]
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| * [[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]]
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| * [[Aortic aneurysm]]
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| * [[Bronchial carcinoma]]
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| * Bronchogenic tumor
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| * [[Chondromas]]
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| * Chronic cough, severe cold
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| * Chronic inhalation of chemical irritant agents (professional activity)
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| * Chronic [[sinusitis]]
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| * [[Drugs]]
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| * [[Edema]] of vocal cords
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| * [[Esophageal tumor]]
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| * Excessively dry and warm room coupled with low water intake
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| * Foreign body
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| * [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease]] ([[GERD]])
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| * [[Glomus jugulare tumor]]
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| * [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]]
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| * Habitual aphonia
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| * [[Hemangioma]]
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| * [[Hemorrhage]] into [[vocal folds]]
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| * [[Hypothyroidism]]
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| * [[Juvenile dermatomyositis]]
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| * [[Laryngeal papillomatosis]]
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| * Laryngocelesventricular prolapse
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| * [[Laryngeal carcinoma]]
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| * [[Left atrial enlargement]]
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| * [[Lipoma]]
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| * [[Lung cancer]]
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| * [[Menopause]]
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| * [[Multiple Sclerosis]]
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| * [[Muscular Dystrophy]]
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| * [[Myasthenia Gravis]]
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| * Neural [[tumor]]
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| * [[Neurofibroma]]
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| * [[Papillomas]]
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| * [[Parkinson's Disease]]
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| * Postsurgical
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| * Psychogenic [[aphonia]]
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| * [[Puberty]]
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| * [[Reinke's Edema]]
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| * Retention cysts
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| * [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
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| * [[Sarcoidosis]]
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| * Spastic dysphonia
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| * [[Squamous Cell Carcinoma]]
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| * [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
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| * [[Thyroid tumor]]
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| * Ventricular dysphonias
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| * [[Virilization]]
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| * [[Vocal cord]] [[nodules]]
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| * [[Vocal fold cyst]]
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| * [[Vocal cord paralysis]]
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| * [[Vocal cord]] polyps
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| * [[Wegener's Granulotomosis]]
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| == Diagnosis ==
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| == History and Symptoms ==
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| The following should be characterized as part of a full history:
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| * Onset
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| * Duration
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| * Prior history
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| * Exposure
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| * Medications
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| * Voice use
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| * Associated symptoms
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| * Medical history
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| * Surgical history
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| * Trauma
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| == Physical Examination ==
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| * Focus on neck, head, lung, thyroid and cardiac exams
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| * Evaluate voice quality
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| == Laboratory Findings ==
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| * Thyroid function tests to rule out [[hypothyroidism]]
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| === X-Ray ===
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| * [[Chest X-ray]]
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| * Lateral neck X-ray
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| === MRI and CT ===
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| * [[CT scan]] of sinuses
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| * [[CT scan]] of head and neck
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| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
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| * Upper gastrointestinal (GI) [[endoscopy]]
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| * Direct or fiber optic nasolaryngoscopy
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| * [[Biopsy]]
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| == Treatment ==
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| * '''Airway, breathing''' and '''circulation'''
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| * Voice rest
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| * Diet modification ([[GERD]])
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| * Stop smoking
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| * Wear protective clothing or masks (if hoarseness is due to exposure)
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| * Treat underlying etiologies
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| * Voice therapy
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| == Pharmacotherapy ==
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| === Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
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| * [[Antibiotic]]s
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| * [[Oral steroids]]
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| * [[H2 blocker]]
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| * [[Proton pump inhibitors]]
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| * [[Intranasal steroids]]
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| * [[Antihistamines]]
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| == Surgery and Device Based Therapy ==
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| * Surgical intervention for abscesses, masses
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| * Cricothyrotomy or tracheostomy (to establish airway)
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Dysphasia]]
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.VoiceInfo.org VoiceInfo.org]
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| * [http://www.pediatric-ent.com/learning/problems/hoarse.htm Pediatric ENT]
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| * [http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/sym/hoarse.htm#possible WrongDiagnosis]
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| * [http://webpages.marshall.edu/~lynch4/voice.html Marshall]
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| * [http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/facts/dysphonia.htm NetDoctor]
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| * [http://www.dysphonia.certec.lth.se/]
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| * [http://www.eng.ox.ac.uk/samp/ Systems Analysis, Modelling and Prediction Group, University of Oxford] develops novel signal analysis techniques for the detection and characterisation of voice disorders.
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| == Suggested Reading and Key General References ==
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| == Suggested Links and Web Resources ==
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| == For Patients ==
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| {{Speech and voice symptoms and signs}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[de:Dysphonie]]
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| [[he:צרידות]]
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| [[yi:הייזעריג]]
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| [[pl:Chrypka]]
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| [[Category:Otolaryngology]]
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| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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| [[Category:Needs patient information]]
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