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| {{SI}}
| | #REDIRECT [[TORCH complex]] |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''TORCH''' or '''TORCHES infections''' are a group of [[infection]]s that in a pregnant woman can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. They can be transmitted to the unborn child in the womb or during childbirth. The mother often has a mild infection with few or no symptoms. ''TORCH'' is an acronym.
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| The infectious agents are:
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| * '''T''' – [[Toxoplasmosis|'''T'''oxoplasmosis]] / [[Treponema|'''T'''reponema]]
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| * '''O''' – '''O'''ther agents, such as [[Coxsackie virus]], [[Listeria]] and [[Parvovirus B19|human parvovirus]]
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| * '''R''' – [[Rubella|'''R'''ubella]]
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| * '''C''' – [[Cytomegalovirus|'''C'''ytomegalovirus]] / [[Chlamydia|'''C'''hlamydia]]
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| * '''HE''' – [[Herpes simplex virus|'''HE'''rpes simplex virus]] / [[Hepatitis B|'''HE'''patitis B]] / '''H'''HV4, i.e.[[ Epstein-Barr virus]] / '''H'''HV3, i.e.[[varicella-zoster virus]] / [[HIV|'''H'''IV]]
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| * '''S''' – [[Syphilis|'''S'''yphilis]]
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| The acronym has also been listed as '''TORCHES''', for '''To'''xoplasmosis, '''R'''ubella, '''C'''MV, '''He'''rpes simplex, '''S'''yphilis.
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| ==Features==
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| Symptoms of a TORCH infection may include fever and poor feeding. The newborn is often [[Birth weight|small for gestational age]]. A [[Petechia|petechial]] rash on the skin may be present, with small reddish or purplish spots due to bleeding from capillaries under the skin. An enlarged liver and spleen ([[hepatosplenomegaly]]) is common, as is the yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes called [[jaundice]]. [[Hearing impairment]], eye problems, [[mental retardation]], [[autism]], and death can be caused by TORCH infections.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| When physical examination of the newborn shows signs of the TORCH syndrome, the examiner may test blood, urine, and spinal fluid for evidence of the infections listed above. Diagnosis can be confirmed by culture of one of the specific pathogens or by increased levels of [[IgM]] against the pathogen.
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| ==Treatment and prevention==
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| Some of the TORCH infections, such as toxoplasmosis and syphilis, can be effectively treated with antibiotics if the mother is diagnosed early in her pregnancy. Many of the viral TORCH infections have no effective treatment. However, some viral infections, notably rubella and varicella-zoster, can be prevented by [[Vaccination|vaccinating]] the mother prior to pregnancy. If the mother has active herpes simplex, delivery by [[Caesarean section]] can prevent the newborn from contact, and consequent infection, with this virus.
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| ==Prognosis==
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| Each type of TORCH infection has a different prognosis. The stage of the pregnancy at the time of infection also can change the effect on the newborn.
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| [[ja:TORCH症候群]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Pediatrics]]
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| [[Category:Obstetrics]]
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| [[pl:Zespół TORCH]] | |
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| {{SIB}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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