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{{Reflux nephropathy}}
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'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
'''For patient information on this page, click [[Reflux nephropathy (patient information)|here]]'''


{{Editor Join}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} Chronic atrophic pyelonephritis; vesicoureteric reflux; nephropathy - reflux; ureteral reflux


'''Reflux nephropathy''', RN is a term applied when small and scarred kidneys (chronic [[pyelonephritis]], CPN) are associated with vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). CPN being the commonest cause, there are other causes including analgesic nephropathy and obstructive injury. Scarring is essential in developing RN and occurs almost during the first five years of life. The end results of RN are [[hypertension]], [[proteinuria]], CRF and eventually ESRD, end stage renal disease.
== [[Reflux nephropathy overview|Overview]] ==


==Diagnosis==
== [[Reflux nephropathy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
It is diagnosed by micturating cystography, scarring can of course be demonstrated by [[ultrasound]] or DMSA.


==Incidence/prevalence==
== [[Reflux nephropathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
There is a genetic predisposition, first-degree relatives have a great increase in the chance of VUR.


The gene frequency is estimated to be 1:600. All children with UTI should be investigated for VUR.
== [[Reflux nephropathy causes|Causes]] ==


==Treatment==
== [[Reflux nephropathy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Reflux nephropathy from other Diseases]] ==
The aim of treatment is to reduce renal scarring. Those children with grade II or worse should receive low dose [[prophylactic]] [[antibiotic]]s ([[Nitrofurantoin]], [[trimethoprim]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[cefalexin]] in those with CRF). Hypertension should be managed with [[ACE inhibitors]] or ARB's. Other treatment modalities also include surgery (endoscopic injection of collagen behind the intra-vesical ureter, ureteric re-implantation or lengthening of the submucosal ureteric tunnel) which has its protagonists.
 
== [[Reflux nephropathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
 
== [[Reflux nephropathy risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
 
== [[Reflux nephropathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
 
== Diagnosis ==
 
[[Reflux nephropathy history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Reflux nephropathy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Reflux nephropathy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Reflux nephropathy CT|CT]] | [[Reflux nephropathy MRI|MRI]] | [[Reflux nephropathy ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Reflux nephropathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Reflux nephropathy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
== Treatment ==
 
[[Reflux nephropathy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Reflux nephropathy surgery|Surgery]] | [[Reflux nephropathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Reflux nephropathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Reflux nephropathy cost-effectiveness of therapy| Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Reflux nephropathy future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Reflux nephropathy case study one|Case #1]]


{{Nephrology}}
{{Nephrology}}
{{SIB}}


[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 16:05, 30 September 2012

Reflux nephropathy
ICD-9 593.73
DiseasesDB 11209
MedlinePlus 000459

Reflux nephropathy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Reflux nephropathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Reflux nephropathy On the Web

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Reflux nephropathy in the news

Blogs on Reflux nephropathy

Directions to Hospitals Treating Reflux nephropathy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Reflux nephropathy

For patient information on this page, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Chronic atrophic pyelonephritis; vesicoureteric reflux; nephropathy - reflux; ureteral reflux

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Reflux nephropathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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