Atrial septal defect epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Atrial septal defect}} | {{Atrial septal defect}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] | |||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu] | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Atrial septal defects are the most common form of congenital heart disease, accounting for 20-40% of all congenital heart disease cases in adults. Atrial septal defects can be classified into : [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum|ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum|ostium primum]], | Atrial septal defects are the most common form of [[congenital heart disease]], accounting for 20-40% of all congenital heart disease cases in adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that each year about 1,966 babies in the United States are born with an atrial septal defect.<ref name="Parker-2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = Parker | first1 = SE. | last2 = Mai | first2 = CT. | last3 = Canfield | first3 = MA. | last4 = Rickard | first4 = R. | last5 = Wang | first5 = Y. | last6 = Meyer | first6 = RE. | last7 = Anderson | first7 = P. | last8 = Mason | first8 = CA. | last9 = Collins | first9 = JS. | title = Updated National Birth Prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006. | journal = Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol | volume = 88 | issue = 12 | pages = 1008-16 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1002/bdra.20735 | PMID = 20878909 }}</ref>Atrial septal defects can be classified into : [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum|ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum|ostium primum]], [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus|sinus venosus]], [[Atrial septal defect coronary sinus|coronary sinus ASDs]] and common or single atrium defects. Collectively, atrial septal defects account for 10% of all congenital heart disease. [[Infant]]s and [[adolescent]] patients may be asymptomatic until later in life. By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms. | ||
==Epidemiology and | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
There are four major types of atrial septal defects, [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum|ostium secundum]], [[Atrial septal defect ostium primum|ostium primum]], [[Atrial septal defect sinus venosus|sinus venosus]] and coronary sinus type <ref name="pmid6991111">{{cite journal| author=Fuster V, Brandenburg RO, McGoon DC, Giuliani ER| title=Clinical approach and management of congenital heart disease in the adolescent and adult. | journal=Cardiovasc Clin | year= 1980 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 161-97 | pmid=6991111 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
== | |||
* It accounts for | * The [[atrial septal defect ostium secundum|ostium secundum defect]] is the commonest type of [[atrial septal defect]]. It constitutes 75% of all types of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 7% of all congenital heart defects and 30-40% of all congenital heart disease in patients aged 40 or older. | ||
* The [[atrial septal defect ostium primum|ostium primum defect]] is the second most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 15-20% of all atrial septal defects. This particular form of atrial septal defect is also categorized as an [[atrioventricular septal defect]] and is associated with [[mitral valve]] abnormalities. | |||
* | |||
* The [[atrial septal defect sinus venosus|sinus venosus defect]] is the third most common form of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 5-10% of all atrial septal defects. It is commonly associated with anomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins and often requires additional imaging tests in diagnosis. | |||
* | * The [[Atrial septal defect coronary sinus|coronary sinus ASD]] is the least common and forms less than 1% of all types of atrial septal defect. | ||
* Another form of inter-atrial communication is [[Patent foramen ovale|patent foramen ovale]]. A [[patent foramen ovale]] is not an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing. (PFOs) are quite common (appearing in 10 - 20% of adults) but are asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed. | |||
===Age=== | |||
* By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of [[atrial septal defect symptoms|symptoms]]. | * By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of [[atrial septal defect symptoms|symptoms]]. | ||
* Prior to 40, patients may be entirely asymptomatic and live without complication. | * Prior to 40, patients may be entirely asymptomatic and live without complication. | ||
====Pediatrics==== | |||
* As a group, atrial septal defects (ASDs) are detected in 1 child per 1500 live births. | |||
* It accounts for 10% of all congenital heart disease. | |||
====Adults==== | |||
* [[ASD]]s make up 20-40% of all [[congenital heart disease]] that is seen in adults and are the most common form of congenital heart defect in adults besides [[bicuspid aortic valve]] and [[mitral valve prolapse]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Kaplan S | title = Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults. Natural and postoperative history across age groups. | journal = Cardiol Clin | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 543-56 | year = 1993 | id = PMID 8252558}}</ref> | |||
===Gender=== | |||
* In general, atrial septal defect shows a female preponderance, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Feldt R, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland L, Titus J | title = Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1969. | journal = Mayo Clin Proc | volume = 46 | issue = 12 | pages = 794-9 | year = 1971 | id = PMID 5128021}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]
Overview
Atrial septal defects are the most common form of congenital heart disease, accounting for 20-40% of all congenital heart disease cases in adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that each year about 1,966 babies in the United States are born with an atrial septal defect.[1]Atrial septal defects can be classified into : ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, coronary sinus ASDs and common or single atrium defects. Collectively, atrial septal defects account for 10% of all congenital heart disease. Infants and adolescent patients may be asymptomatic until later in life. By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
There are four major types of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus and coronary sinus type [2]
- The ostium secundum defect is the commonest type of atrial septal defect. It constitutes 75% of all types of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 7% of all congenital heart defects and 30-40% of all congenital heart disease in patients aged 40 or older.
- The ostium primum defect is the second most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 15-20% of all atrial septal defects. This particular form of atrial septal defect is also categorized as an atrioventricular septal defect and is associated with mitral valve abnormalities.
- The sinus venosus defect is the third most common form of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 5-10% of all atrial septal defects. It is commonly associated with anomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins and often requires additional imaging tests in diagnosis.
- The coronary sinus ASD is the least common and forms less than 1% of all types of atrial septal defect.
- Another form of inter-atrial communication is patent foramen ovale. A patent foramen ovale is not an atrial septal defect as no septal tissue is missing. (PFOs) are quite common (appearing in 10 - 20% of adults) but are asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed.
Age
- By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms.
- Prior to 40, patients may be entirely asymptomatic and live without complication.
Pediatrics
- As a group, atrial septal defects (ASDs) are detected in 1 child per 1500 live births.
- It accounts for 10% of all congenital heart disease.
Adults
- ASDs make up 20-40% of all congenital heart disease that is seen in adults and are the most common form of congenital heart defect in adults besides bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse.[3]
Gender
- In general, atrial septal defect shows a female preponderance, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1.[4]
References
- ↑ Parker, SE.; Mai, CT.; Canfield, MA.; Rickard, R.; Wang, Y.; Meyer, RE.; Anderson, P.; Mason, CA.; Collins, JS. (2010). "Updated National Birth Prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006". Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 88 (12): 1008–16. doi:10.1002/bdra.20735. PMID 20878909. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fuster V, Brandenburg RO, McGoon DC, Giuliani ER (1980). "Clinical approach and management of congenital heart disease in the adolescent and adult". Cardiovasc Clin. 10 (3): 161–97. PMID 6991111.
- ↑ Kaplan S (1993). "Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults. Natural and postoperative history across age groups". Cardiol Clin. 11 (4): 543–56. PMID 8252558.
- ↑ Feldt R, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland L, Titus J (1971). "Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1969". Mayo Clin Proc. 46 (12): 794–9. PMID 5128021.