Atelectasis (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{Atelectasis (patient information)}} | {{Atelectasis (patient information)}} | ||
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Atelectasis|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Atelectasis|here]]''' | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@ | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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==What are the symptoms of Atelectasis?== | ==What are the symptoms of Atelectasis?== | ||
*Chest pain | *[[Chest pain]] | ||
*Cough | *[[Cough]] | ||
*Breathing difficulty | *[[Breathing difficulty]] | ||
==What causes Atelectasis?== | ==What causes Atelectasis?== | ||
Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung. | Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages ([[bronchus]] or [[bronchioles]]) or by pressure on the outside of the [[lung]]. | ||
It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital. | It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital. | ||
Risk factors for developing atelectasis include: | Risk factors for developing atelectasis include: | ||
*Anesthesia | *[[Anesthesia]] | ||
*Foreign object in the airway (most common in children) | *Foreign object in the airway (most common in children) | ||
*Lung diseases | *Lung diseases | ||
*Mucus that plugs the airway | *Mucus that plugs the airway | ||
*Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a pleural effusion) | *Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a [[pleural effusion]]) | ||
*Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position | *Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position | ||
*Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing) | *Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing) | ||
* | *[[Tumor]]s that block an airway | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
*Bronchoscopy | *[[Bronchoscopy]] | ||
*Chest CT scan | *Chest CT scan | ||
*Chest x-ray | *Chest x-ray | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
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==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
Pneumonia may develop quickly after atelectasis in the affected part of the lung. | [[Pneumonia]] may develop quickly after atelectasis in the affected part of the lung. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000065.htm | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000065.htm | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Patient information]] | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Overview complete]] | [[Category:Overview complete]] | ||
[[Category:For review]] | [[Category:For review]] | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:10, 12 April 2013
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Atelectasis |
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Atelectasis On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]
Overview
Atelectasis is the collapse of part or (much less commonly) all of a lung.
What are the symptoms of Atelectasis?
What causes Atelectasis?
Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung. It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital.
Risk factors for developing atelectasis include:
- Anesthesia
- Foreign object in the airway (most common in children)
- Lung diseases
- Mucus that plugs the airway
- Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a pleural effusion)
- Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position
- Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing)
- Tumors that block an airway
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of atelectasis.
Diagnosis
- Bronchoscopy
- Chest CT scan
- Chest x-ray
Treatment options
The goal of treatment is to re-expand the collapsed lung tissue. If fluid is putting pressure on the lung, removing the fluid may allow the lung to expand.
The following are treatments for atelectasis:
- Clap (percussion) on the chest to loosen mucus plugs in the airway.
- Perform deep breathing exercises (with the help of incentive spirometry devices).
- Remove or relieve any blockage by bronchoscopy or another procedure.
- Tilt the person so the head is lower than the chest (called postural drainage). This allows mucus to drain more easily.
- Treat a tumor or other condition, if there is one.
- Turn the person to lie on the healthy side, allowing the collapsed area of lung to re-expand.
- Use aerosolized respiratory treatments (inhaled medications) to open the airway.
- Use other devices that help increase positive pressure in the airways and clear fluids (positive and expiratory pressure [PEP] devices).
Where to find medical care for Atelectasis?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Atelectasis
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
In an adult, atelectasis in a small area of the lung is usually not life threatening. The rest of the lung can make up for the collapsed area, bringing in enough oxygen for the body to function. Large areas of atelectases may be life threatening, especially in a baby or small child, or someone who has another lung disease or illness. The collapsed lung usually reinflates slowly if the blockage of the airway has been removed. However, some scarring or damage may remain.
Possible complications
Pneumonia may develop quickly after atelectasis in the affected part of the lung.
Prevention
- Encourage movement and deep breathing in anyone who is bedridden for long periods.
- Keep small objects out of the reach of young children.
- Maintain deep breathing after anesthesia.