Atrial septal defect paradoxical emboli: Difference between revisions
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{{Atrial septal defect}} | {{Atrial septal defect}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{CZ}} '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Normally the emboli originating from the venous thrombus goes to the lung leading to pulmonary | Normally the [[emboli]] originating from the [[venous thromboembolism|venous thrombus]] goes to the [[lung]] leading to pulmonary embolization. However, in patients with [[atrial septal defect]]s, a [[emboli]] can enter the arterial system through the defect. This may lead to rare complications like [[stroke]] and [[migraine]]. However, these defects are more common in [[patent foramen ovale]] compared to [[atrial septal defect]]. | ||
==Paradoxical | ==Paradoxical Emboli== | ||
Venous [[thrombus|thrombi]] ( | Venous [[thrombus|thrombi]] ([[clot]]s in the [[vein]]s) are quite common. [[Embolization]] (dislodgement of thrombi) normally go to the [[lung]] and cause [[pulmonary embolism|pulmonary emboli]]. In an individual with [[ASD]], these emboli can potentially cross through the septum and enter the arterial circulation <ref name="pmid3728270">{{cite journal| author=Loscalzo J| title=Paradoxical embolism: clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic options. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1986 | volume= 112 | issue= 1 | pages= 141-5 | pmid=3728270 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid7634897">{{cite journal| author=Ward R, Jones D, Haponik EF| title=Paradoxical embolism. An underrecognized problem. | journal=Chest | year= 1995 | volume= 108 | issue= 2 | pages= 549-58 | pmid=7634897 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>. This can cause any phenomenon that is attributed to acute loss of blood to a portion of the body, including [[cerebrovascular accident]] ([[stroke]]), infarction of the [[spleen]] (splenic infarct) or [[intestine]]s, or even a distal extremity (i.e. finger or toe). | ||
This is known as a paradoxical embolus because the clot material paradoxically enters the arterial system instead of going to the | This is known as a paradoxical embolus because the clot material paradoxically enters the arterial system instead of going to the [[lung]]s. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]] | [[Category:Congenital heart disease]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Embryology]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:20, 15 March 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
Normally the emboli originating from the venous thrombus goes to the lung leading to pulmonary embolization. However, in patients with atrial septal defects, a emboli can enter the arterial system through the defect. This may lead to rare complications like stroke and migraine. However, these defects are more common in patent foramen ovale compared to atrial septal defect.
Paradoxical Emboli
Venous thrombi (clots in the veins) are quite common. Embolization (dislodgement of thrombi) normally go to the lung and cause pulmonary emboli. In an individual with ASD, these emboli can potentially cross through the septum and enter the arterial circulation [1][2]. This can cause any phenomenon that is attributed to acute loss of blood to a portion of the body, including cerebrovascular accident (stroke), infarction of the spleen (splenic infarct) or intestines, or even a distal extremity (i.e. finger or toe).
This is known as a paradoxical embolus because the clot material paradoxically enters the arterial system instead of going to the lungs.