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__NOTOC__
{{Patent foramen ovale}}
{{Patent foramen ovale}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}'''; Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]]


'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' patent foramen, PFO, probe patent PFO
'''For patient information click [[Patent foramen ovale (patient information)|here]]'''
 
'''For full discussion on atrial septal defects click [[atrial septal defect|here]].'''
 
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{IO}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]
 
'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Patent foramen; PFO; probe patent PFO
==[[Patent foramen ovale overview|Overview]]==
==[[Patent foramen ovale overview|Overview]]==
==Embryology==
 
The presence of a patent foramen ovale is due to failure of fusion between the '''[[septum primum]]''' and the '''[[septum secundum]]'''.
==[[Patent foramen ovale historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Patent foramen ovale pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Patent foramen ovale causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Patent foramen ovale differential diagnosis|Differentiating Patent Foramen Ovale from other Diseases]]==


==[[Patent foramen ovale epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Patent foramen ovale epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==Risk Factors==
==[[Patent foramen ovale risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Genetics may play a role in the development of a patent foramen ovale insofar as the disorder has been found to occur with an increased frequency in families.


==Pathophysiology==
== [[Patent foramen ovale natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
If there are elevated right sided pressures, shunting of blood from the [[right atrium]] to the [[left atrium]] can occur.  The patent [[foramen ovale]] is completely covered but not completely sealed. As a result, it is also sometimes called as a '''probe patent''' (PFO) (as the foramen can be opened with reversal of shunt).  Elevation of pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system (i.e.: [[pulmonary hypertension]] due to various causes, or transiently during a [[cough]]) can cause the foramen ovale to remain open.


== Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Diagnosis==
Clinically it is linked to [[decompression sickness]], [[paradoxical embolism]] and [[migraine]].  There is a debate within the neurology and cardiology communities about the role of a PFO in [[cryptogenic stroke]] neurologic events, e.g. [[strokes]] and [[transient ischemia attacks]] (TIAs) without any other potential cause. On echocardiography, there may not be any shunting of blood noted except when the patient coughs.
[[Patent foramen ovale history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Patent foramen ovale physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Patent foramen ovale electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Patent foramen ovale chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Patent foramen ovale CT|CT]] | [[Patent foramen ovale MRI|MRI]] | [[Patent foramen ovale echocardiography|Echocardiography]]


==[[Echocardiography showing patent foramen ovale bubble study|Echocardiography showing patent foramen ovale bubble study]]==
==Treatment==
[[Patent foramen ovale medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Patent foramen ovale surgery|Surgery]] | [[Patent foramen ovale post-surgical follow up|Post-Surgical Management]] | [[Patent foramen ovale post-surgical complications|Post-Surgical Complications]] | [[Patent foramen ovale cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Patent foramen ovale future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==[[Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale|Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale]]==
==Case Studies==
[[Patent foramen ovale case study one|Case#1]]


==External links==
==Related Chapters==
* {{EmbryologyTemple|Heart98/heart97a/sld037}}
*[[Atrioventricular septal defect]]
* {{EmbryologyUNC|cardev|039}}
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
* [http://staff.um.edu.mt/acus1/Heart-b.htm Overview at edu.mt]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
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[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Embryology]]
[[Category:Embryology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]


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Latest revision as of 15:17, 26 February 2020

Patent Foramen Ovale Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Patent Foramen Ovale from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

PFO and Stroke

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Patent foramen ovale

For patient information click here

For full discussion on atrial septal defects click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Ifeoma Odukwe, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [3], Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Synonyms and Keywords: Patent foramen; PFO; probe patent PFO

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Patent Foramen Ovale from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgery | Post-Surgical Management | Post-Surgical Complications | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

Related Chapters


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