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==Epidemiology==
__NOTOC__
{{Pulmonary hypertension}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:Ralph Matar|Ralph Matar]]; {{Jose}}


While previously considered a rare disease, the most recent evidence from a French registry suggests that the prevalence of Pulmonary arterial hypertension is about 15 per million.
== Overview ==


'''Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension'''which is more prevalent in women, was considered the most common type of PAH in a French registry.  
Pulmonary arterial hypertension has been considered as a disease of young women. The mean age of patients in the U.S. registry was 36 years and the overall female-to-male ratio was 1.7:1.


'''Familial PAH''' often results from a mutation in the bone morphogenic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) and is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease with incomplete penetrance and anticipation.
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


PAH is also associated with congenital heart disease(30% of untreated), connective tissue diseases like systemic sclerosis(12% of patients), drugs and toxins, HIV, portal hypertension(2-6%), hemoglobinopathies, and myeloproliferative disorders.
===Incidence===
* While previously considered a rare disease, the most recent evidence from a French registry suggests that the [[incidence]] of new cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension is 0.20-0.30 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="Rich-1987">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rich | first1 = S. | last2 = Dantzker | first2 = DR. | last3 = Ayres | first3 = SM. | last4 = Bergofsky | first4 = EH. | last5 = Brundage | first5 = BH. | last6 = Detre | first6 = KM. | last7 = Fishman | first7 = AP. | last8 = Goldring | first8 = RM. | last9 = Groves | first9 = BM. | title = Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 107 | issue = 2 | pages = 216-23 | month = Aug | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 3605900 }}</ref>


Mortality rate is 5.2-5.4 per 100000 and was more common in African-Americans and women.
===Prevalence===
* The [[prevalence]] of pulmonary hypertension is approximately 1.5-5 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid33710842">{{cite journal| author=Levine DJ| title=Pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates in epidemiology and evaluation of patients. | journal=Am J Manag Care | year= 2021 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 Suppl | pages= S35-S41 | pmid=33710842 | doi=10.37765/ajmc.2021.88609 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33710842  }} </ref>


The most common cause of hospitilization is heart failure whereas, the most common cause of death is pulmonary hypertension itself and not chronic lower respiratory disease as was once thought.
===Age===
* Pulmonary hypertension usually develops between the ages of 20 and 60, but it can occur at any age. The mean age of patients in the U.S. registry was approximately 36 years old.<ref name="Rich-1987">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rich | first1 = S. | last2 = Dantzker | first2 = DR. | last3 = Ayres | first3 = SM. | last4 = Bergofsky | first4 = EH. | last5 = Brundage | first5 = BH. | last6 = Detre | first6 = KM. | last7 = Fishman | first7 = AP. | last8 = Goldring | first8 = RM. | last9 = Groves | first9 = BM. | title = Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 107 | issue = 2 | pages = 216-23 | month = Aug | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 3605900 }}</ref>
 
===Gender===
* The female-to-male ratio  for PH is approximately 1.7:1.<ref name="Rich-1987">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rich | first1 = S. | last2 = Dantzker | first2 = DR. | last3 = Ayres | first3 = SM. | last4 = Bergofsky | first4 = EH. | last5 = Brundage | first5 = BH. | last6 = Detre | first6 = KM. | last7 = Fishman | first7 = AP. | last8 = Goldring | first8 = RM. | last9 = Groves | first9 = BM. | title = Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 107 | issue = 2 | pages = 216-23 | month = Aug | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 3605900 }}</ref>
* Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH), which is more prevalent in women (3x more common), was considered the most common type of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a French registry. Usually it affects women between 30-60 years old.<ref name="pmid33710842">{{cite journal| author=Levine DJ| title=Pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates in epidemiology and evaluation of patients. | journal=Am J Manag Care | year= 2021 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 Suppl | pages= S35-S41 | pmid=33710842 | doi=10.37765/ajmc.2021.88609 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33710842  }} </ref>
*Males often face a worse prognosis.<ref name="pmid33710842">{{cite journal| author=Levine DJ| title=Pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates in epidemiology and evaluation of patients. | journal=Am J Manag Care | year= 2021 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 Suppl | pages= S35-S41 | pmid=33710842 | doi=10.37765/ajmc.2021.88609 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33710842  }} </ref>
 
==References==
 
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 13:59, 9 June 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ralph Matar; José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[2]

Overview

Pulmonary arterial hypertension has been considered as a disease of young women. The mean age of patients in the U.S. registry was 36 years and the overall female-to-male ratio was 1.7:1.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • While previously considered a rare disease, the most recent evidence from a French registry suggests that the incidence of new cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension is 0.20-0.30 cases per 100,000 individuals.[1]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension is approximately 1.5-5 per 100,000 individuals.[2]

Age

  • Pulmonary hypertension usually develops between the ages of 20 and 60, but it can occur at any age. The mean age of patients in the U.S. registry was approximately 36 years old.[1]

Gender

  • The female-to-male ratio for PH is approximately 1.7:1.[1]
  • Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH), which is more prevalent in women (3x more common), was considered the most common type of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a French registry. Usually it affects women between 30-60 years old.[2]
  • Males often face a worse prognosis.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rich, S.; Dantzker, DR.; Ayres, SM.; Bergofsky, EH.; Brundage, BH.; Detre, KM.; Fishman, AP.; Goldring, RM.; Groves, BM. (1987). "Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study". Ann Intern Med. 107 (2): 216–23. PMID 3605900. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Levine DJ (2021). "Pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates in epidemiology and evaluation of patients". Am J Manag Care. 27 (3 Suppl): S35–S41. doi:10.37765/ajmc.2021.88609. PMID 33710842 Check |pmid= value (help).
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